Na Pr aP ROS NAPNEBS a Aaf aM ar eda? eZ Ma AIPVD PN sf My PMePAASPNDPN UY? eA TSAANA PN! Suh MLZ MP ANA HA RSM GPA? Nae SARA ANZ NDAN 


Che Ganunonmeslth of Masssarchuacits 


Praha Med A TPAGE NG PNP Mad PBA Nal Na? Sad OIA ENG? Nal Sif Dad MARRY IAAP RAPA PN GF NaN IPEN IT AMP UPN? OPN Nat NP st yy? 


Addresses and Messages to the General Court, 
Proclamations, Official Addresses, : 
Correspondence and Statements 
‘of | 


His Excellency 


Governor Channing. H. Cox. 


For Ge Years Rand Hundred ‘and Twenty - -~one, 
Nineteen Hundred and Twenty-two, Nineteen 
Hundred and Twenty-three and Nineteen 
Hundred ae ipa ds 


Compiled by Sherwin Lawrence c ook, Assistant Private Secretary to 
_ His Excellency Governor oes H. Cox 


IPN FPN PNP Pe a PPL PENI N ePeP NP eh wersetneP hat at phe Nate tance PAu? Nets as P iP Nye MnP Phe ha Ne PoP Mg Ay APr 


Published by Order of the Council, dated ‘December Thirty-first 
‘Nineteen Hundred and Twenty-four ‘ 


mar aenarnadtesoreNat in thee mae AON ene aP NA Nair” vetNet Na Pad NaP INNA Nad HPN APNE NUM oP Na Ne Na Tsien ehh et\at® 


‘all 
ht el del ool Tek deh Fite eal) alt lal dl te ek ee eT alt del del Pa La lt NerNe ofS ae” NNN eet Nee he NES, 


Che Commonwealth o of f Mussina 


Pe PRR PAPAS Aa Na PNP ES EL aN Net lt dol Tek heh hell tel del tal te Te leh et hel Lael del de Te ee dl eee e 1 Lee Chel del ff || 


Addresses and Messages to the General Court, 
Proclamations, Official Addresses, 
Correspondence and Statements. 


of 


His Excellency 


Governor Channing H. Cox 


For the Years Nineteen Hundred and Twenty -one, 
Nineteen Hundred and Twenty-two, Nineteen 
Hundred and Twenty-three and Nineteen 
Hundred and Twenty-four 


Compiled by Sherwin Lawrence Cook, Assistant Private Secretary to 
His Excellency Governor Channing H. Cox 


V1 Vick Plc ida anti dal Lael tal Teh ee a ae ae Lael ae ae ee ie ee Lil ae eh ie el dl de ek ee i ele Lael ae ae eh eT a ae el Th 


Published by Order of the Council, dated December Thirty-first 
Nineteen Hundred and Twenty-four 


Pt dat tal dal tel lek a de ial del del te le i al el Le Le ee a idl il ae ae i eT lel he he hee id idl del al ek ee 


Try ey 


TiS CaN 


i 


Te Oiees Sos 


PREFATORY NOTE 


When in 1914 the messages and inaugurals of the Gov- 
ernors of Massachusetts ceased to appear in the Blue Book, 
a need arose for a compact volume containing these papers. 
A well-approved custom has caused the addition of the 
official gubernatorial proclamations and certain other ad- 
dresses, statements and correspondence of an official and 
public character. The Council has again authorized such 
a publication, this time to cover the four years of adminis- 
tration of His Excellency Governor Channing H. Cox. 

A new method of arrangement has been adopted in this 
volume, the matter being classified under appropriate head- 
ings and a table of contents being substituted for an alpha- 
betical index. , 

All the messages to the General Court and the official 
proclamations are included in the volume. In selection of 
the other matter, its author has insisted on a rigid method 
of elimination, and certain addresses and statements which 
might have been included without criticism have been 
omitted. 

The last annual pardon message of Governor Coolidge, 
transmitted to the Legislature by his successor, has been 
here included for the sake of preserving the record in con- 
tinuity,. and proclamations issued by Acting Governors 
during Governor Cox’s administration are included for the 
same reason. 

No book of this nature can be an epitome of the adminis- 
tration of any Governor, and because he believes that it 
will give the volume a proper completeness, the compiler 
has added as an Appendix a résumé of the administration of 
Governor Cox, by Wendell D. Howie, from the “Boston 
Evening Transcript” of January 3, 1925. 


7524C8 


ss 


The compiler is under obligation to Mr. Henry F. Long, 
now Commissioner of Corporations and Taxation, but 
formerly Private Secretary to Governor McCall and Gov- 
ernor Coolidge, and under whose hand several previous 
volumes have been published, for advice concerning the 
selection of the papers, and to Hon. Herman A. MacDonald, 
former Private Secretary to Governor Cox, who collected 
a large amount of matter from which to make selection. 


9. LG 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


PAGE 

INAUGURAL AND ANNUAL ADDRESSES TO THE GENERAL Court: 
Inaugural Address, 1921 . é j : 3 : : Ah Boies Kes 
Annual Address, 1922 : : ‘ 3 F : 4 ‘ . 84 
Inaugural Address, 1923 . : ; ‘ : , i PDS 
Annual Address, 1924 : ‘ ; : . : i Ng 


MESSAGES TO THE GENERAL Court: 
Relative to pardons (transmitted by Governor Calvin Coolidge), 1921 . 99 


Submitting budget recommendations, 1921 : i 100 
Recommending an amendment to a bill enabling the Fi frat Chitrek of 
Boston to convey property to its trustees ; 103 


Recommending an amendment to a bill authorizing the racine Tuber. 
culosis Relief Society to transfer its property to the Worcester Society 


for District Nursing. ’ i 4 . 104 
Vetoing a bill relative to the ul of ice at nea 105 
Vetoing a bill relative to the construction, alteration and matenbnee of 

buildings in the city of Boston : 106 
Relative to granting jurisdiction to the Gated States of Barat and 

known as Camp Devens : 107 
Recommending an amendment to a pill Pelative to ihe Haettation of 

embalmers . i i : . 108 
Submitting Mipplementary Budget PaeaiaMen gations) 1921 : s 109 
Recommending an amendment to a bill ratifying and validating eG 

acts of the town of Methuen : : ve hE 
Relative to an appropriation for repairs on bie Old State Halse : mega 2 
Vetoing a bill relative to the salary of the Director of the Division of 

Animal Industry in the Department of Conservation : BIEN 1 bs. 


Vetoing a bill relative to the salary of the Commissioner of Ghasereation’ 114 
Vetoing a bill relative to the compensation of the members of the Board 


of Parole. 115 
Vetoing a bill aaplishine ne Bidried of ine Sia maatiea’ in the ies 
of the Treasurer and Receiver General . : 116 


Recommending an amendment to a bill providing po anert Atloweness 
based on annuity and pension contributions for employees of the city 


of Boston or the county of Suffolk ; ; Ey 
Relative to the issuing of notes providing for the Bane ehction of eeu 

bridges over Charles River . : : i EE 
Relative to consolidation of various jails Sau Hotes of aieccian 120 
Relative to pardons, 1922 4 ee 
Relative to an appropriation to attabritee the ay of aa for sometrac 

tion of a temporary bridge over Saugus River y 122 
Relative to the death of Hon. John C. F. Slayton of ee seats of 

the Executive Council, and the naming of his successor . : ssa 8°. 
Submitting budget recommendations, 1922 : ; 125 


Relative to an appropriation for clearing the forests of the Aetcoolitan 
District after severe storm . : A 4 ; : : on), L288 


6 


PAGE 
MESSAGES TO THE GENERAL Court — Continued. 
Relative to an additional appropriation for clearing the forests of the 


Metropolitan District after severe storm ; , se 
Relative to affording relief to the city of Boston for jibes of revenue in 
taxes on account of public gift by George Robert White . ; 131 


Recommending an amendment to a bill providing for an eighth daa 
clerk of the Municipal Court of the City of Boston for civil business . 132 
Relative to granting jurisdiction to the United States of certain land in 


Rutland. 133 
Vetoing a bill Sliding the ton of Dover Rots the Metropolitan ‘pase 

District ; : 134 
Recommending an aaiendiient to a bill auithanene he Metropolitaa 

District Commission to appoint a superintendent of police : 139 
Vetoing a bill permitting justices of the Superior Court to suspend the 

execution of sentences in criminal cases . : 141 
Vetoing a bill reinstating Daniel J. O’Sullivan in the pub ie Divisiee 

of the Department of Public Works of the City of Boston : 143 
Vetoing a bill appointing Richard Williams as a member of the Fire De- 

partment of the City of Quincy . : 144 
Relative to the establishment of the office of Danity: Coniinies ae of 

Banks ‘ : 145 
Relative to securing compentive bids fon State Penk and binding oad 

to awarding a contract . : : A . 146 
Submitting supplementary budget recommen ateane 1922 ; 148 
Relative to an appropriation for securing certain relics from the Old 

Province House . : 150 
Relative to offer with further referents to securing erie false of Ne Old 

Province House . 152 
Vetoing a bill reinstating cA Kelley i in ihe Tnstnuticds Denarunaee of 

the City of Boston s 153 
Vetoing a bill directing the Deoartnent of Public are fe oyovade ie 

the construction or improvements of certain roads . : 154 
Recommending an amendment to a bill regulating the Operate of 

aircraft é 159 


Vetoing a bill Tec the Denarinent of Pane Works Pe Bee, for 
further construction of a certain highway in the towns of Rutland and 


Holden 5 ‘ 160 
Vetoing a resolve ariding for the tal yc of pints for the Rleeioe 
- of the waters of Lake Cochituate and the South Sudbury System . 162 


Vetoing a resolve to pay the widow of the late Rep. Walter S. Hale the 
balance of the salary to which he would have been entitled for the cur- 


rent session t 164 
Relative to giving the Garner with the advice and Soriaere of the Couns 

cil power to appoint a Fuel Administrator , 4 ; . . 165 
Relative to Pardons, 1923 : , : i , . Ra fy 
Submitting budget recommendations, 1923 : : : : . 168 
Authorizing the seizure and destruction of unfit coal . ; cere Was 


Vetoing a bill providing that assistants employed by custodian or jan- 

itors in public school buildings of the city of Boston be exempt from 

Civil Service Laws and Rules ; 173 
Recommending an amendment to a bill ts Protect aes: eae ihe 

age of seventeen at trials for certain crimes. ; : ; wobes 


7 


PAGE 
MESSAGES TO THE GENERAL Court — Continued. 


Recommending an amendment to a bill authorizing domestic corpora- 
tions, voluntary associations and partnerships to become limited 


members of credit unions. 176 
Recommending an amendment to a bill Auntie? OEE ae ine right of 

non-residents to operate motor vehicles . f 177 
Recommending an amendment to a bill relative to ihe Buitdite ines of 

the city of Boston : 179 


Vetoing a bill to ascertain the will of the ey of Madea chitigetts with 
reference to the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment of the Consti- 


tution of the United States, ete. . 180 
Relative to the final report of the Massachusetts Fuel Binerventy ree 

ministrator . t : ; . 183 
Submitting Eronlementie Hideet rocOmeHBatione 1923 f ; 185 
Recommending an amendment to a bill authorizing the city of Boston ‘6 

pay a sum of money to John M. Chmielinski . 4 187 
Vetoing a bill authorizing the city of Holyoke to pay a sum of money i 

the widow of Thomas E. Powers . : : ; ; . 188 
Relative to pardons, 1924 ; ; : . . 189 
Submitting budget recommendations, 1924 ‘ ; : . 190 
Recommending an amendment to a bill relating to certain meetings in 

the town of Florida : : ; ; . 194 
Relative to an investigation of the eiehine! ineitwiey : é 196 


Recommending an amendment to a bill authorizing the Hc tte Pa a as 
special police officers of agents of the Animal Rescue League of Boston 
and of the Boston Workhorse Relief Association 197 
Relative to authorizing the Department of Mental Dieeeses h issue 
licenses to institutions established by the United States government . 199 
Vetoing a bill relative to the keeping of gasoline and other inflammable 


fluids in buildings used for housing fire and police apparatus. . 200 
Relative to enacting legislation to safeguard horses and mules. Mi O® 
Recommending an amendment to a bill establishing a maternal and 

child welfare commission in the city of Fall River. : 203 
Recommending an amendment to a bill to annex a part of the tone of 

Sherborn to the town of Framingham . : 204 
Recommending an amendment to a bill relative to the pation of 

coasting on the public ways . : 206 


Recommending an amendment to a reaolve dutharizing the conipleon 

of the drawings for a report on the birds of the Commonwealth, and 

the publication and distribution of the first volume of said report . 207 
Vetoing a bill establishing the pension of Michael Birmingham, for- 

merly a member of the Fire Alarm and Police Signal Service of the 

city of Boston. 209 
Recommending an Pincudedent ie a bill Seteling the ae of service of 

the Special Commission on the Necessaries of Life and vesting it with 


certain powers in the event of a fuel emergency , é 210 
Vetoing a bill authorizing the city of Boston to pay a sum of money to 
John Curran ‘ 212 


Recommending the aaNet of ke to enable the iruskaes of the 
Massachusetts School for the Feeble-minded and the Metropolitan 
District Commission to arrange for taking water from the metro- 
politan water supply . 5 ; , : : : : 2 pels 


8 


MESSAGES TO THE GENERAL Court — Concluded. 
Recommending an amendment to a bill relative to payments to the fam- 
ilies of policemen killed or dying from injuries received while on 
duty) 2) ihe ane i ea 
Submitting payee HL puoer aie cata 1924 : j ea ABs) 
Vetoing a bill increasing the salaries of registers of deeds and assistant 
recorders of the Land Court for the Northern, Southern and Fall 
River Districts of Bristol County . / {GAT 
Recommending an amendment to a bill requiring ihe Divine of the 
Blind to establish, equip and maintain schools for the industrial 
training of blind persons, and workshops for their employment, and 
providing for an investigation relative to the employment, training 
and placement of the blind . : 219 
Recommending an amendment to a bill us pathos the: lasing cuts 
widening and construction of Tremont Street from Arlington Square 
to its intersection with Stuart Street in the city of Boston i +» 222 
Recommending an amendment to a bill to authorize the laying out, wid- 
ening and construction of Kneeland Street at or near Washington 
Street and Stuart Street to Atlantic Avenue in the city of Boston . 224 
Vetoing a bill authorizing the Armory Commissioners to acquire certain 
land in the towns of Lynnfield, Reading and Wakefield for a State 
Rifle Range . 5 226 
Vetoing a bill providing for the plate ne ie a a alone the 
_ shore of Dorchester Bay off Squantum in the city of Quincy and of an 


adjoining highway ’ 5° BST 
Relative to the term of certain ites ord asics for baviein additions and 

improvements. ’ oN 229 
Recommending an pia th 9 to a ‘ill i provi for the treatraene 

of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis at the Lakeville State Sanatorium . 230 
Vetoing a bill providing for the construction of a breakwater or seawall 

at Point Allerton in the town of Hull . ! , . ; fs. Qbt 

PROCLAMATIONS: 

On National Thrift Week i ; ’ ; ; ; 235 
On Lincoln Day : : es 
On “ Be Kind to Animals ‘Week a hed Hinnnne Suiiday : ; . 289 
On Arbor and Bird Day . : : : . 241 
On Forest Protection and Fire Teavenlion Week ; : . 243 
On Flag Day . ; 3 z é f } : : : . 245 
On Fire Prevention Day . 4 : i ; : : i . 247 
On Armistice Day . ? f : ; . 249 
Respecting the burial of the Babs Soldiee ¢ i ; ’ Rae 3 | 
Authorizing the display of the flag of the French Republic . : . eae 
On Thanksgiving Day . . B 4 : : ‘ : . 254 
On American Education Week . ; f : $5, 268 
On Display of the flag of the Kingdom of Tealy i : ! } + 258 
On Lincoln Day 259 
On establishing the Department of Defective Delinquents ae ihe State 

Farm . : ; ‘ ; ; } 4 - e2Gt 
On securing aialy inlet for ex-service men ‘ ; : La Ge 
On Forest Protection Week and Arbor and Bird Day! : : . 264 


On “ Be Kind to Animals Week ” and Humane Sunday ; : . 266 


ProcLamMations — Concluded. 

On Ulysses S. Grant Day 

On Flag Day . ; 

On the Two Hundredth Meares of the Birth of cant! janis 

On Fire Prevention Week 

On Armistice Day 

On Thanksgiving Day 

On opening the Belchertown State etek tt 

Promulgating the Sixty-Seventh Article of Aeneddmaitt to the Gan 
stitution 

On Lincoln Day 

On Patriot’s Day 

On Arbor and Bird Day hail Forest Taptsckion Waals, 

On Flag Day . 

In memory of Warren G. taming 

On Fire Prevention Week ; 

On suspending the open season for hastting aed ’ the Tecutenent 
Governor, Acting Governor) . 

On putting in force the open season for aucag Gaiied be Hie LesWTbnant 
Governor, Acting Governor) . 

On American Education Week . 

On Armistice Day 

On Thanksgiving Day 

On the observance of Harding Mosiarial Week 

On Lincoln Day 

Respecting the late Visadrow Ww ban 

On Humane Sunday and “ Be Kind to Animals Week’ bi 

On Arbor and Bird Day and Forest Protection Week . 

On Flag Day . 

On Fire Prevention Week 

Suspending the open season for hunting 

On Armistice Day — 

Announcing the death of United States Senator Hears Cabot youn 

On American Education Week . : 

On Thanksgiving Day 

Restoring the open season for hanes (by the Galretey of State, ahs 
Governor) 

Concerning the Libation of Sectors of petdent Wd View Browaene of the 
United States 

Promulgating the Sixty-Eighth Article of Amondnent to the oer 
tution : 

Promulgating the Sixty-Ninth Perils of *heyandment to the Conus. 
tution 


OrriciaL ADDRESSES: 
At the celebration of the three hundredth anniversary of the return of the 
* Mayflower ”’ 
At the inauguration of or Heneat Pee Nithols as Bebeident of the Midas 
chusetts Institute of Technology 
At the Commencement of Harvard University 
Welcoming the President of the United States, Watren Ge Haring at 
the Plymouth Celebration : . 


10 


PAGE 
OrrictaL ApprREssEs — Concluded. 

Accepting from Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H. Prince a tablet, in memory 

of their son, Norman Prince . ; , } . 348 
Welcoming Marechal Ferdinand Foch at the Hall of Flags : f . 3849 
Welcoming Generalissimo Armando Diaz at the Hall of Flags _.. . B51 
Accepting a tablet in memory of Henry B. Endicott . ‘ 353 
Opening the exercises commemorating the one-hundredth anniversary 

of the birth of Edward Everett Hale . : : : . 354 
At the Commencement of Harvard University . ; 355 


Opening the conference of committees appointed by the Governors of 
the New England States, to determine the attitude of New England 
with reference to the proposal to group the railroads of New England . 359 


Welcoming M. Georges Clemenceau at the Hall of Flags. : 363 
At the inauguration of Dr. Samuel Wesley Stratton as President of the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology . ‘ ; : : . 3864 
At the Commencement of Tufts College. : ; : : . 3866 
At the Commencement of Harvard University . ! E : . 370 
Greeting General Haller at the Hall of Flags 372 
At the celebration of the ninetieth birthday of Charles Willian Elliot, 
President Emeritus of Harvard University . : : : - 873 
At the Commencement of Harvard University . d . ; . S74 
Receiving the world flyers at the Hall of Flags . 4 376 
Accepting a tablet to the Massachusetts Medal of Honor Mew in the 
World War . : : ; : : ; : : f pres ff) 


OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF Pusiic INTEREST: 
Statement relative to President Harding’s message to the principal 


Allied Powers on the limitation of armament . : : : ., ool 
Statement on American Education Week . ‘ ; ' . 382 
Statement issued to local executives and law eaforecisent officers on 

enforcement of individual rights. , . 383 
Statement relative to the death of President Wathen G. Harding . 3884 
Telegram to Mrs. Warren G. Harding " 385 
Telegram to Calvin Coolidge upon taking the oath of iffics as ‘Prem 

dent of the United States. ) : : : . 886 
Statement in support of the Japanese alien fond’ : : . oot 
Telegram to President Coolidge relative to the Japanese relief fund . 388 
Statement relative to Navy Day and the anniversary of the birth of 

Theodore Roosevelt ; : : : : . 889 
Statement on the death of Woodrow Wilson A 391 
Telegram to Mrs. Woodrow Wilson on the death of Ex-President Woo 

row Wilson . { ; 4 ; ‘ ‘ . 392 
Statement on National Detcnce Day 393 
Message to Mrs. William L. Douglas on the Meath of Ex- Governor 

William L. Douglas. ‘ 3 ; : ; ; : . 3894 
Statement on Navy Day . : 5 : ; 4 5 : . 895 

APPENDIX: 


Four Years of Cox as shown by his Accomplishments, an article by 
Wendell D. Howie in the “ Boston Evening Transcript” . , . 3899 


INAUGURAL AND ANNUAL ADDRESSES 


TO THE 


GENERAL COURT 


ei 
“Fe 


INAUGURAL ADDRESS 


Delivered in the House of Representatives January 6, 1921 


MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL Court: — The legislative 
enactment of the special session of the General Court last 
month, approved by the Governor, consolidating and re- 
vising the statute law of the Commonwealth, has come at 
the end of several years’ work by a special commission, and 
alter careful study by a large recess committee of the Legis- 
lature. It is to be hoped that the work has been done well, 
and that little if any of your time need be consumed in cor- 
recting errors or changing the phraseology of our laws. 
Your predecessors, in recent years notably, have been quick 
to respond to clearly defined public sentiment. The people 
of Massachusetts have always been ready to assume new 
forms of service which gave promise of relieving hardship or 
making more equitable the distribution of opportunities and 
responsibilities. But in these days when men in every form 
of private undertaking have found it necessary to look to 
fundamental things, it is no less necessary for us who have 
been selected to conduct the affairs of Massachusetts to 
look to fundamentals. In my judgment the needs of Mas- 
sachusetts today do not so much require great legislative 
reforms and improvements as they do require reforms and 
improvements in administration. 


ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM 


At an early date I propose to ask the help and advice of 
the various heads of departments, inviting them into con- 
ference as the directors of a private corporation confer. It 
is highly important that the head of a department have 
intense concern for the affairs under his control, but it is 
equally desirable that he weigh the importance of his de- 
partment in the light of the complete activities of the State. 


14 


It is possible to inquire whether the work of the government 
is being done as efficiently as it can be. I urge that your 
committees in examining departmental requests ascertain 
whether everything possible is being done to meet the spirit 
of the act passed in 1919 consolidating the departments and 
commissions, whether work is still being duplicated, and 
whether it is possible to transact the public business better 
and at less expense. 


ECONOMY 


The cost of carrying on government in Massachusetts as 
elsewhere has reached a point where it has become a heavy 
burden on all our citizens, whether they: share that burden 
directly in taxes or indirectly through the increased cost of 
the necessaries of life. The constantly increasing cost of 
government must be checked or it will become so heavy that 
it will fall of its own weight. The Commonwealth is doing a 
fine work in the care of the sick, the insane, the helpless, the 
feeble-minded, the delinquent, and for the convenience and 
comfort of all. Her institutions command the admiration 
of all observers. We must continue in this well-doing. But 
the government must not be saddled with so many under- 
takings that it breaks down and becomes unable to do the 
things already attempted. Under the existing laws the 
Commonwealth is committed to tremendous expenditures. 
Such expenditures are doubtless necessary in large part if 
the Commonwealth is to continue the present undertakings. 
Twenty years ago Governor Crane warned the Legislature 
that unless the strictest economy were practiced a State tax 
of $2,000,000 was imminent. Last year the total expendi- 
tures were approximately $38,760,000. The total revenue 
was approximately $24,760,000, making necessary a State 
tax of $14,000,000. It will become my duty in a few days 
to submit to you a budget, and then I shall discuss State 
finances more in detail. But today and every day through 
the year I ask you to remember that in the home and in 
private business it is necessary to practice thrift and econ- 
omy. Money spent improvidently, extravagantly or reck- 
lessly by the city or town, county, State or Nation is a need- 
less charge which must be borne by the people. We shall 


15 


deserve the approval of our fellow citizens if we in united 
effort, still continuing the necessary and desirable work of 
government, find the method of halting the onward rush of 
governmental expenditure. We shall make progress in that 
direction by requiring every public official to use the same 
care and prudence in the handling of public funds that he 
uses in spending money which he has earned by his own 
labor. 


Puspiic WorxKs 


Life is growth. We do not stand still. We develop, we 
progress or we go backward. Our population in Massa- 
chusetts continues to increase. We are constantly required 
to plan for future needs, and those needs, especially so far 
as construction of new buildings, new highways, improve- 
ments of harbors, public works in general, may be deter- 
mined in advance with considerable accuracy. It has hap- 
pened frequently in the past when business was good, when 
labor was abundantly employed, when there was active con- 
struction for private ends, that at such a time the State 
entered upon the most ambitious projects of public works. 
Under such conditions the State comes into competition 
with private enterprise for materials and for labor. My 
observation in the public service of Massachusetts convinces 
me that by looking ahead and having ready at hand a more 
comprehensive plan of needed public improvements the 
Commonwealth and the public could be immeasurably 
benefited. When departments seek appropriations they 
could as far as possible be required to estimate their require- 
ments for the next five years. The Legislature could then 
determine which projects are of the most immediate 
urgency. If it were convinced that other public works are 
reasonably certain to be started within five years, the Legis- 
lature could profitably authorize preliminary surveys, plans 
and specifications. If such preliminary work had been done, 
then in the event of some public stress, when our citizens 
were unable to obtain private employment, in such a time 
when there is a general desire to provide work for those in 
dire need, the Commonwealth could proceed to do neces- 
sary work, effecting at the same time relief to the needy and 


16 


saving to the Commonwealth. I recommend that in your 
examination of all departmental appropriations you look 
over a five-year period. You may say that a five-year pro- 
gram is too short, and that a ten-year period is a better unit 
for planning. If you take that view, so much the better. 
Some may fear that the heads of departments might be en- 
couraged to present altogether too ambitious programs. On 
the contrary, if we can get into our public service a spirit 
of looking at our whole undertaking, and of understanding 
that the authorization of one project, or one building, may 
mean eventually the necessity of many more, I am confident 
we shall have taken a long step towards improved public 
management. 


SALE OF Excrss SUPPLIES. 


It has just come to my attention that recently one of the 
departments had on hand a considerable supply of articles 
no longer necessary. The articles were advertised, proper 
bids were received and the articles were sold at $2.12 each. 
And yet at the same time some of our State institutions were 
required to purchase the same articles of no better quality 
and to pay for them $4.50 each. The statement of such facts 
needs no comment. It is the sort of thing that could not be 
tolerated in a successful private business. I recommend 
that you require every department or institution to file with 
the Supervisor of Administration a schedule of all supplies 
it desires to purchase or sell; that wherever possible one 
department or institution purchase from another at a fair 
price; and that the Treasurer and Receiver-General be noti- 
fied, and that he make proper credits and charges to the 
departments. It might be provided that if there were any 
difficulty in fixing a fair price the Governor and Council 
should determine it. Each department or institution ought 
also to file with the Supervisor at regular periods statements 
of all property not in use but which is fit for salvage. 


JUSTICE TO WoMEN 


Since the last regular session of the Legislature the amend- 
ment to the Federal Constitution granting equal suffrage 


17 


to the women has been ratified and has become a part of the 
organic law of the land. The women of Massachusetts have 
shown a most commendable spirit in assuming their new 
responsibilities and discharging them with zeal. They have 
given abundant evidence of their desire to co-operate and 
support in all that will purify, strengthen and develop the 
life and welfare of the people. We should provide for their 
participation in government on equal terms with men. 
There still remain in our Massachusetts Constitution and 
laws provisions which may prevent such participation. I 
recommend that the Constitution and laws be amended to 
remove such provisions, and that Massachusetts take the 
last vital step in equality by removing every legal obstacle 
which prevents women from holding any elective public 
office within the gift of the people, and by freeing them 
from all inequalities. 


EDUCATION 


To a peculiar extent the economic as well as the political 
and social welfare of the Commonwealth depends upon 
education. While it has no deposits of precious ore, of coal 
or iron; while it has no vast fertile prairies and no boundless 
tracts of untouched timber; while, in fact, Massachusetts 
is not rich in a reserve of natural resources, yet it has been 
a part of the fundamental belief of our people that we can 
compete successfully with any other people, provided we 
maintain an aggressive program of education by means of 
which we may develop our human resources to the full. In 
the period of reconstruction through which the country as 
a whole is passing, the greatest care must be taken to pre- 
vent any retardation of our educational program in com- 
parison with that of other sections of the country. Through- 
out the land there is an awakened and widespread interest 
in the development of more efficient institutions of educa- 
tion. From the point of view of her material prosperity, 
as well as from the larger consideration of her duty in the 
development of American citizenship, Massachusetts must 
not sacrifice her educational leadership. 

The Special Commission on Teachers’ Salaries made a 
report in August last which merits your thorough study. 


18 


The compensation of the public employees of Massachusetts 
has been generally increased in the past two years, and in © 
practically all departments is now at least the equivalent of 
that paid to those in similar lines of private employment. 
But this is not true of teachers. I cannot bring myself to 
believe that teachers have received altogether just treat- 
ment. We cannot afford to deal other than justly with 
them. Teachers in our schools today are called upon to do 
for children some of the things which parents in other days 
were glad to accept as their own duty to do. Teachers in 
our schools have it within their power to instill in the hearts 
of children a love of America and American institutions 
which will never grow cold. It has seemed to me that many 
of our well-intentioned efforts to teach Americanism have 
failed, and more and more we must look to the children of 
parents of foreign birth as the instruments for breaking 
down family prejudice and distrust and winning respect and 
loyalty for America. We must reach them in the schools. 
The citizens of tomorrow are entitled to the best educational 
advantages we can give. In a system of good schools taught 
by competent teachers of character and devotion we have 
assurance that the Nation may have able and upright leaders — 
in the future. The salaries of teachers in the public schools 
must be increased sufficiently to attract into the teaching 
profession capable young men and women, to retain efficient 
teachers now in service, and, in the words of the commis- 
sion, “‘to enable all teachers to provide from salary earnings 
the necessaries of life, and savings and insurance against 
disability and old age, as well as to make those investments 
that result in continued growth in professional efficiency.” 
To that end I strongly recommend that the present mini- 
mum legal salary of $550 for teachers be materially raised. 


SUPREME JUDICIAL CouRT 


The Legislature of last year in its general program of 
revising salaries was liberal in most respects, and its work 
has made it unnecessary for us to go further this year. In 
the endeavor to compensate fairly the justices of the Su- 
preme Judicial Court a condition was imposed which I 


19 


approve upon general principles, but which, as applied to 
the men who have given long years of service upon the 
Supreme bench, has prevented them from receiving any 
additional salary. I urge you to examine again the provi- 
sions made for them, and make absolutely certain that we 
deal justly with those judges to whom we turn in the last 
resort for determination of justice. 


AGRICULTURE 


The industrial and commercial progress of Massachusetts 
depends in large measure upon the development of our 
agricultural resources. The recent advance in the freight 
rates on all commodities that enter New England puts upon 
us a new necessity of feeding ourselves and affords the 
Massachusetts farmers a new opportunity to farm with 
profit. Massachusetts for the purpose of self-preservation 
must do all in its power to place the great fundamental in- 
dustry of agriculture upon a basis which may compare 
favorably with the financial reward in other industries. The 
proportion of our population engaged in agriculture bears 
no relation to the importance of the industry. The real 
problem of farming merges into a greater problem, that of 
an adequate food supply for our whole population, furnished 
at a reasonable price to consumers. Massachusetts cannot 
furnish all its own food, but it can grow much more than at 
present. Doubtless the best way for the Commonwealth to 
help is to give proper support to the agencies already estab- 
lished. The reorganized Department of Agriculture should 
be given facilities for greater service to the farmers, who 
have given evidence of confidence in its work. Especially 
should encouragement be given to the Division of Markets 
that it may deal adequately with the complex but vital 
matters which concern the distribution of farm and food 
products. The Department of Agriculture should be au- 
_thorized to make a comprehensive study of the farm labor 
supply, and also the possibility of securing better market- 
ing and purchasing conditions for the farmers. I recom- 
mend consideration of some plan of extending sufficient 
credits to farmers both for land purchase and for making 


20 


and selling crops, and to aid in the acquisition of farms by 
persons who will operate them for economic benefit. The 
farmer who is willing to remain in rural districts and pro- 
duce from the soil deserves proper living conditions, good 
roads on which to carry his produce to market, and sufficient. 
educational opportunities for his children. All of us should 
be interested for our own welfare to aid in seeing that he 
gets them. I recommend adequate appropriations in order 
that the Agricultural College may be able to render the 
largest measure of service to those who seek education with 
the ambition that they may more efficiently and successfully 
carry on practical agriculture, and in order that the college 
through its experimental work may be of the greatest assist- 
ance to the farmers. Massachusetts can hardly afford to do 
other than maintain a first-class agricultural college for her 
sons and daughters. It is no less the duty of counties to 
give ample support to the farm bureaus and county schools, 
which may be of untold value in the solution of the vital 
farming problem. If we are to hold our present industrial 
and commercial standing we must develop our farming com- 
munities to supply the needs of our industrial and com- 
mercial population. 


SAFEGUARDING STATE FuNDS 


The Treasurer and Receiver-General is elected by the 
people. He is charged with grave responsibilities. In gen- 
eral he has the duty of caring for the funds of the Common- 
wealth. Laws have been enacted directing how he shall 
keep such funds and in what manner he may place those 
funds on deposit. At present the various departments are 
only required to deposit their funds with the Treasurer at 
least once a month, and consequently are carrying bank 
accounts which in the aggregate total a large sum of money. 
The law contemplates that the Treasurer shall be limited as 
to the amount of State funds which he may deposit in any 
one bank, and yet it has been found that in some instances 
where the Treasurer has deposited the legal limit in a bank, 
some other department has deposited additional State funds 
in that bank. Fortunately it does not appear that the Com- 


2] 


monwealth has as yet suffered from such practice. I do 
not believe, however, that the practice should be continued. 
I believe that the Treasurer should retain the most complete 
control possible of all State funds, and that he should know 
just where all of the public funds are. I recommend that 
wherever possible every department be required to use the 
Treasurer as its depositing bank. I am advised that under 
such a method the Treasurer would have a larger cash 
balance throughout the month, which will help in putting off 
the time when it is necessary to borrow in anticipation of 
revenue, and he would thereby be enabled to effect a saving 
of thousands of dollars annually in interest charges. I am 
confident such a method commends itself as more in keeping 
with sound business principles. 

All recent issues of the Commonwealth’s bonds have been 
serial in form. Practically all of the earlier issues now out- 
standing were sinking fund bonds. The Commonwealth 
_has now sinking funds of over $48,000,000 for the retirement 
of such bonds. Under the present law the Treasurer is in 
practical control of these sinking funds, and all investments 
or changes in investments for such funds are made by him, 
although he receives the approval of the Governor and 
Council. The wisest management of such large funds seems 
to require more safeguarding.’ I recommend that authority 
be given to the Governor to appoint two citizens of recog- 
nized financial ability who shall serve without pay, who 
shall advise the Treasurer as to the management of the State 
sinking funds, and that the Governor and Council may not 
approve any request of the Treasurer for change in or addi- 
tion to such sinking funds unless such request be recom- 
mended by at least one of such advisers. This method gives 
promise of additional safeguarding of large public funds, 
and I am confident that public-spirited citizens would serve 
the Commonwealth in such capacity even as they have 
always been willing to serve as trustees of our institutions. 
I recommend that you put similar safeguards around the 
management of the various other trust funds now under the 
control of the Treasurer, such as the retirement funds and 
the Massachusetts school fund. 


22 


I also recommend that authority be given to the Governor 
to require the Treasurer at any time to furnish him with a 
list of the banks in which State funds are deposited, and gt: 
amounts of such deposits. 

In justice to the present Treasurer, who shows unusual 
zeal in the public service, I am happy to say these sugges- 
tions relative to his office are made largely as the result of 
his own recommendation to safeguard the ieee funds in 
every possible way. 


PROTECTION OF SMALL INVESTORS 


One of the most urgent problems now confronting the 
Commonwealth is the protection of small investors. Massa- 
chusetts owes her industrial strength to the thrift of her 
people. The savings of income become capital. With the 
great demand for new capital in Massachusetts for rail- 
roads, public utilities, home-building and industry, the 
workers must be encouraged and protected in their efforts 
to save. 

The most effective way to discourage thrift and to retard 
the accumulation of capital is to permit fraudulent pro- 
moters to rob the people of their savings. It is estimated 
that worthless or fraudulent securities amounting to at 
least $30,000,000 are sold annually in Massachusetts. 
Americanization work is greatly hindered by such frauds. 
The fraudulent promoters who destroy the faith of the 
workers in our economic institutions and in our laws sow the 
seeds of radicalism and anarchy. The Commonwealth 
must protect the industrial workers, particularly those who 
have recently come from foreign lands, from such exploita- 
tion; the Commonwealth must encourage thrift, to the end 
that capital, so essential to her industrial growth, may 
thereby be created. The Special Commission to Investi- 
gate the Sale of Corporate Securities has conducted an ex- 
haustive and careful survey of this great problem. Their 
report, submitted to you, will give the needed information 
of the legislation and experience, not only of the other 
States of the Union, but also of Europe. It will include a 
study of the present conditions in this Commonwealth, and 


23 


the fundamental consideration which must guide you in 
your task of effecting wise remedial legislation. Thus, fully 
advised as to what other States and countries have done 
and as to the situation which confronts us in Massachu- 
setts, you will be able to meet the responsibility which the 
great losses of our people from fraudulent promotions and 
exploitations have imposed. 


PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS TO CHILDREN 


The rapidly increasing number of motor-vehicle accidents 
has become a matter of grave public concern. The motor 
vehicle has reached the stage where it is no longer merely a 
luxury. It has contributed immeasurably to our conven- 
lence and comfort. It has become a necessity. To regulate 
its use so that destruction of life and property shall be re- 
duced to a minimum is one of the problems to which I invite 
your most careful consideration. During the past year 189 
children under sixteen years of age were killed on our streets 
in automobile accidents, and 2,100 children under that age 
were injured seriously, many of them maimed for life. In 
almost all of these cases the thoughtlessness and careless- 
ness of the children themselves contributed to the unfortu- 
nate result. Recently in New York City there was an ex- 
plosion in which some 20 people were killed and about 200 
injured. For several days the papers in all parts of the 
country impressively related to the public the facts of the 
terrible occurrence; and yet the death of 189 of our chil- 
dren and serious injury to 2,100 others in one year almost 
escape general public notice. We must have the deepest 
concern for the grief, the sorrow and the suffering of the 
parents afflicted by these sad happenings. We are also con- 
cerned with the economic loss to the community incident to 
the death and injury of this large number of children in 
whom loving parents have invested years of care and sav- 
ings. .As a possible help in reducing the number of such 
accidents I suggest that every elementary school in the 
Commonwealth be asked to set aside fifteen minutes each 
week for the purpose of impressing upon the children the 
danger of the use of our streets and highways, and the 


24 


absolute need of caution in such use. I recommend that 
the Commissioner of Education be given authority and 
facilities for assembling facts and methods of presentation 
which shall be available for the use of the school teachers — 
of each city and town. 


Motror-VEHICLE PATROL 


Taken as a whole, the results of motor-vehicle accidents 
in Massachusetts in 1918 were 499 killed and 8,598 injured. 
In 1919, 582 persons were killed and 16,281 were injured. 
During the present year an intensive safety campaign has 
been waged, and while the number of persons killed was 
reduced to 477, nevertheless, the number of persons injured 
still further increased to 21,086. A careful analysis of the 
accidents indicates that by far the greater number of them 
resulted from causes that could have been avoided. We can 
have no sympathy with those who wilfully violate the laws 
regulating the opération of motor vehicles. While the police 
forces of the various cities and towns have done excellent 
work the past year in prosecuting vicious violators of motor- 
vehicle laws, it is practically impossible to apprehend the 
violators in many cases because few of the cities or towns 
have motor-cycle police. Moreover, police officials of one 
town cannot go beyond their own boundaries into other 
towns. I suggest for your consideration the establishment 
of a small motor-vehicle patrol of inspectors attached to 
the motor-vehicle division of the Public Works Department. 
The presence of such a force on the main highways would 
have a salutary effect, and those reckless operators who 
have no regard for the lives of other human beings might 
have some regard for their own personal liberty, and keep 
in mind the possibility of meeting an officer of the law the 
other side of a dangerous curve. Such a patrol would be of 
great assistance to those many towns through which main 
thoroughfares now pass, and which are not able to maintain 
police forces of their own. 


SHORTAGE OF CoAL AND HousiIna 


Coal is an absolute necessity in Massachusetts. The 
householder must have it in order to live, and the manu- 
facturer must have it as his main source of power. Both in 
anthracite and bituminous coal a shortage has existed for 
the past year, which speculators have turned to their ad- 
vantage. The price of coal to the citizens of Massachusetts 
has been exorbitant and unjust. Supply has been uncer- 
tain and business has been disrupted in the effort to obtain 
fuel for power, while the citizens have been driven to dis- 
traction in their endeavor to obtain the necessary household 
requirements. To complicate the fuel situation, our trans- 
portation difficulties, due to the breakdown of our railroads 
in New England, are further disturbed because of a lower 
rail than water freight rate. Before the war the water rates 
for coal were approximately 75 cents per ton less than rail 
rates. At present it costs about $1 per ton less by rail than 
by water, naturally throwing an additional burden on our 
depleted railroads. Foreign demand for bituminous coal 
has had a tremendous influence upon the price of coal in 
New England. Nearly all of the coal exported was taken — 
from the producing district upon which we depend, and to 
a large extent was shipped through a terminal which had 
been created to supply New England with bituminous coal. 
This resulted in a congestion at that terminal, and offered 
unlimited opportunities for adding to the expense of coal 
shipped here. We have had a hard struggle to obtain such 
coal as we received, and the Fuel Administrator has been of 
great help in presenting the absolute needs of Massachu- 
setts and in securing a measure of relief. 

Housing conditions have gone from bad to worse over a 
period of almost four years. This has been true over all the 
country, and in Massachusetts no less so. Searcity of 
houses mean's competition for quarters among those who can 
pay, and in consequence rentals have increased. We must 
be concerned with a situation that compels overcrowding 
in unsanitary quarters, with consequent increased infant 
mortality, the spread of tuberculosis and communicable 


26 


diseases, and a general development of moral laxity among 
those affected. A condition that threatens the lives of our 
people threatens the stability of our government. In such 
a situation the Legislature of last year attempted to pre- 
vent unjust increases of rents, recognizing the necessity of 
protecting the people against extortion and suffering. There 
has been criticism of that action on the part of tenants 
because sufficient relief was not. given, and on the part of — 
owners because they were prevented from getting a fair 
return upon their invested capital, and that, therefore, 
further building is discouraged. The difficulties presented. 
by the housing shortage are of a twofold character. There is 
- the urgent need of finding means to restore as speedily as 
possible the housing facilities of the Commonwealth to 
normal proportions. There is also the vital necessity of 
protecting the people until that end is accomplished. 

A committee of the United States Senate has been in- 
vestigating these questions, and has already made a pre- 
liminary report. As I look back over the great monuments. 
of constructive legislation in Massachusetts that have come 
as the result of intelligent and conscientious study by com- 
mittees of thé General Court, I am encouraged to believe 
that a similar study of the coal and housing and rent con- 
ditions would be of real and lasting benefit. Certainly the 
coal and housing conditions are among the most urgent of | 
all the problems which confront us. I therefore recommend 
that you authorize one of your standing committees or a 
special committee to study these questions and report to 
this session at the earliest date possible. There is available 
for use the investigations of the Fuel Administrator and the 
Commission on Necessaries of Life. I suggest that you 
direct such committee to report whether everything possible 
is being done to insure for our citizens an adequate supply 
of coal at a fair price, whether everything in the nature of 
extortionate rent cannot be effectively prohibited, and to 
devise if possible legislation which, fair alike to owner and 
tenant, may stimulate the resumption of building and re- 
store again in this Commonwealth normal housing con- 
ditions. 


27 


StaTE ContTROL oF ALL PENAL INSTITUTIONS 


A welcome decrease in the number of inmates of the 
prisons and jails of Massachusetts has been noted for years. 
Ten years ago the county prisons had a population of 3,583. 
On November 30, 1920, that population had decreased to 
1,120. The net per capita cost for each inmate of State 
penal institutions for the year ending September 30, 1920, 
was $397.06, while for the same period the net per capita 
cost for each inmate of county penal institutions was 
$826.41. The various counties have established twenty-one 
different jails and houses of correction. Today at least 
seven of those institutions are empty or closed. Five other 
of those institutions had on November 30, 1920, less than 
30 inmates each. The difference between the cell capacity 
of these institutions, 4,508, and the population, 1,120, in- 
dicates that many more of these institutions could be closed - 
to good advantage if there might be proper transfer of in- 
mates. It is needless to argue as to the possibility of great 
decrease in operating expenses that might be effected by a 
consolidation of these institutions, nor is it necessary to 
point out the opportunity under such consolidation of de- 
voting valuable property to other uses. A due regard of the 
true interest of the taxpayers would seem to demand that 
these institutions be consolidated under State control. 

It is further submitted that such a change.is dictated by 
other compelling reasons. The Commonwealth is the 
source of all law, and whoever offends against the law is an 
offender against the Commonwealth. The cases of all 
offenders are heard and determined before magistrates 
holding the commission of the Commonwealth and not the 
commission of any particular locality. In 1899 Governor 
Wolcott in advocating State control of all penal institutions 
sald: : 


The divided control of penal institutions, not justifiable on any easily 
comprehensible theory, results in practice, as might be expected, in lack 
of uniformity of discipline, diet and employment; in imperfect classifica- 
tion of the inmates as regards sex, age and degree of criminality and 
degradation; and in consequent unnecessary difficulty of reformatory 
treatment. 


28 


This matter was first advocated in the Declaration of 
Principles laid down by the American Prison Congress fifty 
years ago. It has been advocated at various times in Mas- 
sachusetts beginning with an interesting report by the com- 
mittee on prisons in 1873 contained in House Document 
No. 264 of that year. It was recommended by the special 
recess committee on institutions, which reported to the 
General Court of 1920. Some of the evident advantages 
which ought to accrue from State control of all penal in- 
stitutions are: _ 


1. A consistent and comprehensive policy of treating penal subjects. 

2. A greater possibility of classification of prisoners, resulting in more ~ 
helpful and scientific treatment. 

3. Continued development of the camp idea, now halted because in- 
mates otherwise eligible for transfer must be retained in county institu- 
tions. 

4. Improvement in the housing and living conditions of prisoners. 

5. Employment of more men in productive industry, and consequent 
stimulation of habits of thrift and industry. 

6. More economical administration through collective purchasing of 
supplies and utilization of farm products. 

7. Securing to each convict wherever sentenced the benefits to which 
all should be entitled of physical and psychiatric examination, oppor- 
tunity for learning to read and write, and to have the benefit of voca- 
tional training, employment in industry, the services of a resident chaplain, 
and other advantages which cannot be supplied in a small institution. 

8. Opportunity would be given for the establishment of a much-needed 
defective delinquent colony in one of the vacant institutions. 

9. Aid to discharged prisoners, after-care and supervision of paroled 
prisoners, temporary relief of prisoners’ families, and the aid of other 
State departments which are not present in county administration. 


The principal objections which are made to any such 
change are based almost entirely upon the ground of con- 
venience to the various localities. County jails and houses 
of correction were established when communication was 
difficult. But today one may travel across the State and 
return in a day. Under a centralized control plan institu- 
tions would be maintained in different parts of the State, 
using some of the existing structures. Similar objections 
were raised twenty years ago when the Commonwealth 
took over the care of the insane in the State, and yet the 


29 


results under State control have been so beneficial and so 
vast an improvement over the old system that all our citi- 
zens join in willing testimony to their appreciation of the 
vision, the courage and the true humanity of those men of 
1900 who dared depart from the custom of years. 

Therefore, in the interests of a better system of penology, 
in the interests of economy of administration, and in fulfill- 
ment of the promise of the platform upon which the great 
majority of you as well as myself were elected, I earnestly 
recommend that the jails and houses of correction, now 
maintained by fourteen separate counties with varying 
standards, be now consolidated under the direct control of 
the Commonwealth. 


SHort BALLoT 


As a member of the Legislature of 1911 I voted for the 
present direct primary law. I believed in the principle of 
direct nominations then. I do today. It must be admitted, 
however, that from time to time there has been much 
criticism against the result of the actual working of that 
system. It is not necessary to restate the criticisms. The 
objection which seems to have most weight arises because 
there are so many offices to be filled in a State-wide primary, 
and so many candidates seek those offices that it is ex- 
tremely difficult for even the careful voter to learn of the 
relative merits of the various candidates. The chief interest 
centers in the candidates for Governor and for Lieutenant 
Governor, and public discussion is confined largely to the 
candidates for those two offices except in the years when a 
candidate for United States Senator is nominated. The 
chief objection to the present system of direct nomination 
in Massachusetts would in my.judgment be removed by the 
adoption of the short ballot. Then, in alarger way the people 
have come to look upon the Governor as the head of the 
government, and there is a growing tendency to hold him 
responsible for the conduct of all the administrative depart- 
ments. If the Governor is in any sense to be held responsible 
for the conduct of the affairs of the departments of the State 
officials, — the Secretary, the Treasurer, the Auditor and 

the Attorney-General, — then he ought to have direction 


30 


over those officials. He ought to be allowed to call men into 
those positions who will work in harmony with him and 
who will adopt policies which bear his approval. The ob- 
jection may be raised that the Attorney-General is not alone 
the adviser of the Governor but of the Legislature as well, 
and that sometimes the Legislature might desire indepen- 
dent ‘advice, and that it ought not to be compelled to accept 
legal opinions from the Governor’s appointee. It should be 
remembered, however, that each branch of the Legislature 
has authority to require the opinion of the justices of the 
Supreme Judicial Court upon important questions of law, 
and upon solemn occasions. ‘To the end that the direct 
primary system may operate to the best advantage, and that 
the efficiency of-the State administration may be promoted, 
I recommend that the Constitution be amended so that the 
Governor be given the power to appoint the State officers 
— the Secretary of the Commonwealth, the Treasurer and 
Receiver-General, the Auditor and the Attorney-General — 
for the same term as his own. 


BRADFORD'S HISTORY 


Another edition of Governor Bradford’s History has 
been exhausted. In this year of anniversary of the landing 
of the Pilgrims I recommend that you authorize the re- 
printing of this story of our beginning, and that you provide 
for the gift of a copy to each high school in the State, in 
order that the young men and women who would know of 
the sacrifices and privations of those who laid firmly the 
foundations of our present institutions may have access to 
Bradford’s inspiring record. 


PREVENTIVE MEASURES 


Massachusetts expended last year $11,887,108 for the 
maintenance and improvement of the institutions con- 
ducted by the Departments of Mental Diseases, Corrections, 
Public Welfare and Public Health. This represents a large 
proportion of our public expenditures. Massachusetts has 
been a pioneer in the work of caring for the unfortunate and 
the afflicted, and is today doing much in this direction 


ol 


which has not been attempted by other States. The policy 
in this regard has met with the general approval of our 
citizens, and they insist not only upon a continuance of this 
work, but that the work be better done. Our citizens must 
recognize the immense cost of it all, and they must be pre- 
pared to pay for it. They must remember that some of this 
work has been made necessary because individuals are not 
doing the things for afflicted members of their own families 
which they did in former generations, and because parents 
are not exercising the same degree of control and correction 
of their own children that they did in earlier times. Our 
only hope of escape from this constantly increasing public 
expense lies in finding measures of preventing disease of the 
mind and of the body, and preventing the degradation of 
morals. We are now trying some preventive measures. 
We have done a great deal in checking the spread of tuber- 
culosis and to prevent the spread of other diseases. I recom- 
mend appropriations for further research in the endeavor 
to check the increase of the feeble-minded, and to reduce if 
possible the number who are sent to the correctional in- 
stitutions. 


MEMORIAL FOR THE UNKNOWN Dap IN WAR 


The splendid action of France and Great Britain in bury- 
ing the remains of an unknown hero of the French army in 
the Pantheon, and the remains of an unknown hero of the 
British forces in Westminster Abbey, has prompted the sug- 
gestion that Massachusetts pay similar tribute in honor of 
those devoted men who have enriched the name of the Com- 
monwealth by sacrifices which ended in unknown graves. 
Doubtless the Navy Department would gladly loan an 
American warship on which to bring from the fields of France 
the body of one of the unknown dead in battle for burial 
with all military honors in some worthy place here. It has 
been suggested that a grave on the lawn in front of the State 
House might be an appropriate place, —a grave marked 
with such monument as parents might erect for their own 
son. To such a shrine on Memorial Day and at other times 
mothers and fathers and other relatives of boys lost in 


32 


France might repair to do honor to the memory of their own, 
and at such a shrine all devoted citizens of the Common- 
wealth might pause and rejoice in a love that impels sons to © 
give their lives in the name of Massachusetts. We may 
visualize in part the mighty patriotic inspiration that would 
come to us in the performance of such an act of justice, and 
the comfort and satisfaction that would come to those of 
our citizens who have patiently suffered unspoken grief. I 
commend to your consideration the desirability of carrying ~ 
out such a form of tribute to the unknown dead. 


CONCLUSION 


Massachusetts has kept well in advance of most of the other 
States in the enactment of sound and humane legislation, © 
with a constant desire to improve the welfare of the people. 
In such an endeavor her true public servants will ever be 
glad to continue. In the year we are this day beginning we 
shall search diligently for methods of remedying injustice 
and of further promoting the happiness and well-being of all. 
However profound our admiration for Massachusetts in- 
stitutions and laws, no one would claim that they are perfect 
or that they are not susceptible of improvement. That 
State is fortunate whose government serves the people and 
whose people love and uphold their government. Our gov- 
ernment must serve the people, and the people will love 
and uphold it. But let us always remember, when we think 
of the degenerate, the feeble-minded, the evil-minded, the 
vicious, the selfish and the transgressors, that they constitute 
but a small part of the whole. Fortunately for us the great 
mass of our citizens are sturdy, strong, God-fearing, home- 
loving, industrious and courageous men and women. In an 
attempt to strengthen the weak, let us be careful not to 
break the spirit of the strong. No one can offer any sub- 
stitute for work, for thrift and industry, or for character and 
integrity. ‘To succeed, the individual must acquire these 
virtues for himself. No one can give them to him. Let us 
not, therefore, attempt the impossible in legislation. 

Men and women have come to Massachusetts from all 
parts of the world. Here they have made their homes, and 


33 


by their industry and by their consecration to the public 
good they have contributed to the upbuilding of our in- 
stitutions. They have only recently given abundant evi- 
dence of their readiness to defend their liberty and to up- 
hold their law. In their patriotic response to the call of 
their country during the war, in their contributions of sons 
and of treasure, they demonstrated that they were sound at 
the core and that their hearts were true. So with confidence 
we face the day which is dawning with the promise of new 
opportunities and new glory. 

We are just emerging from years of intense feeling, tre- 
mendous effort, and unusual sacrifice caused by a mighty 
conflict which has disturbed the thought and action of the 
world. The people of our Commonwealth, like the people 
of other States and Nations, while always ready to battle 
for justice and for the cause of humanity, are somewhat 
weary of the prolonged strain. They desire to return to the 
normal scope of daily action. They need an opportunity 
to store up physical and mental vigor that they may have a 
reserve, and be able the better to render a full measure of 
service if ever called upon again in some great public neces- 
sity. So in the spirit of the times let us turn our hearts and 
minds to fundamental things. Let us dare to follow in the 
footsteps of those quiet but sturdy builders of our Republic, 
whose deep faith in God guided them through the early 
years of a new Nation. Let us today renew our vows of 
honest public effort, to the end that the noblest purposes of 
the Pilgrim fathers may be achieved, and that here in Massa- 
chusetts wisdom and understanding shall dwell, and civil 
and religious liberty shall endure. 


34 


ANNUAL ADDRESS 


Delivered in the House of Representatives January 4, 1922 


MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL Court: — For the first time 
since the adoption of a Constitution Massachusetts has 
passed through a year without holding a general election. 
The administrative officers and the members of the General 
Court who served last year are to continue. We are, never- 
theless, beginning a regular session of the General Court. 
Before turning to a discussion of matters which await your 
future action it is a pleasure to record a sense of deep appre- 
ciation for the unfailing kindly consideration and the spirit 
of co-operation for the public weal which was manifested 
during the last session. There was evidence of a desire to 
respond to clearly defined public sentiment, —a desire 
which I am confident will again find continuous expression 
in the months that he ahead. 


STATE FINANCES 


The results of the fiscal policy followed during the past 
year are most encouraging. In place of a deficit which we 
faced a year ago, the Auditor’s report shows a cash balance 
of more than six and one-half million dollars, while the State 
tax remained the same as in 1920. The great work of the 
Commonwealth has been carried on without curtailment of 
usefulness, but it has been done with actual economy and 
with a commendable endeavor to attain efficiency. Almost 
without exception the departments have lived within their 
appropriations, and, aided by lower commodity prices, have 
been able to finish the year with comfortable balances which 
now revert to the treasury. Great saving has been made 
possible by improved methods of doing the same work; for 
example, the Treasurer paid this year as interest on loans 


35 


in anticipation of taxes $8,334.47 as contrasted with $200,- 
467.07 for the same purpose in 1920. This represents an 
actual saving of $192,132.60, and is wholly the result of the 
Treasurer’s new method of placing State deposits and of 
our new requirement that the departments deposit their 
funds with the Treasurer. During the year the netdirect 
debt of the Commonwealth has been reduced by $5,816,443, 
and leaves that debt at $29,311,796, the lowest figure since 
1914 as was promised in my budget of last year. The con- 
tingent net debt, made up principally of loans to finance 
improvements in the metropolitan district, was decreased 
by more than $2,000,000. Therefore the total debt obliga- 
tions of the Commonwealth have been reduced by about 
$8,000,000 in a single year. To a large extent this favorable 
showing with reference to the State debt was made possible 
by your adherence to the “pay as you go” policy recom- 
mended in my budget of last year. If additional argument 
in favor of this policy be needed it will be found in my 
budget soon to be submitted which will show materially 
reduced interest requirements for 1922 as compared with 
£921. 

In the past few years it has been necessary to make 
tremendously large outlays. The payments of $10 per 
month to men in military service, authorized by chapter 
211 of the General Acts of 1917, and payments of $100 each, 
as authorized by chapter 283 of the General Acts of 1919, 
amount to over $21,800,000. Payments for State and mili- 
tary aid on account of the World War have been to date 
$2,663,246. Payments for certain other activities directly . 
on account of Massachusetts’ share in the conduct of the 
World War bring the total sum to $26,575,000. These pay- 
ments have been well financed, and the total debt from 
loans made for these purposes is today only $4,638,722. 


TAXATION 


Taxes have been high due both to this record of war 
activities and to the inflation of prices and wages caused by 
the war. Of course the burden of Federal and local taxation 
is much more onerous than the comparatively small tax 


36 


levied by the Commonwealth. And yet the Common- 
wealth is charged with full responsibility for its share. Ex- 
cessive taxes seldom reach the intended victim. On the 
contrary, if all incentive for business men to risk their money 
in new ventures is removed, then general business becomes 
stagnant, with the result that working people are driven 
out of employment. The time has come when taxes must be 
reduced. The revenues of 1922 will in some instances be 
less than those of last year. This will be true, particularly 
with reference to corporation taxes. However, the condi- 
tions are such in business and industry today that the Com- 
monwealth is not warranted in levying again the special 
tax of three-quarters of 1 per cent on corporations which 
has been imposed for several years. 

The special revenues provided for meeting the cost of . 
payments in recognition of military service have, in some 
instances, exceeded the estimates to such an extent that it 
does not seem necessary to levy again this year the special 
tax of $660,000, and accordingly I recommend that section 
5 of chapter 342 of the General Acts of 1919, requiring this 
special State tax, be repealed. Although the discontinu- 
ance of these two special taxes will reduce the state income 
it will represent a saving of about $4,000,000 to taxpayers. 

In preparing the budget of last year it was impossible 
to make a satisfactory downward revision to meet the de- 
flation then in process in the business world. The budget 
is made up almost entirely of items required under existing 
laws, and until those laws are revised, as urged last year, the 
Governor is legally bound to provide for the maintenance 
upon a creditable basis of the activities of government as 
already authorized. Nevertheless, the past year has demon- 
strated that economies can be effected, and with the surplus 
on hand today the budget soon to be presented will in the . 
absence of some emergency afford the opportunity for the 
reduction of the State tax. 


MounicrpaL TAXATION 


The existing high level of municipal expenditures and tax 
rates, while little understood because of its complexity, is 


37 


nevertheless a matter of prime concern to every citizen. 
It is a most important factor in checking community growth, 
discouraging industry, and depressing property values. 
The burdens imposed upon enterprise by local taxation are 
generally recognized but the means of relief is in doubt. I 
recommend that a special committee of your membership 
be created for the purpose of studying existing municipal 
taxation and of determining what, if any, remedies are 
possible through legislative enactment to afford relief. 


ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM 


In response to my inaugural recommendation, that you 
ascertain whether everything possible is being done to meet 
the spirit of the act passed in 1919, consolidating the de- 
partments and commissions, whether work is still being 
duplicated, and whether it is possible to transact the public 
business in a better way and at less expense, a special com- 
mission was created to investigate. That commission was 
composed of experienced members of the Senate and House 
and five especially qualified citizens of my appointment. 
The members have taken their work seriously, and have 
made an extended survey of our State administration and 
our method of transacting the public business. Through 
the splendid public spirit of its chairman the commission 
has enjoyed the services of experts associated with him in 
private business for which the Commonwealth would have 
otherwise been obliged to pay large sums. The report’ of 
- the commission now before you is in my judgment one of 
the most valuable contributions made to the Common- 
wealth in years. I urge that you give it your most earnest 
study, and that you adopt such of its recommendations as 
after careful consideration give sure promise of increased 
efficiency and true economy. It is not necessary to discuss 
the report in detail at this time, but in general it confirms 
my own observations in a long period of State service that 
among the most pressing needs of Massachusetts today 
are the cessation of duplication of work and overlapping of 
functions, the adoption of a better method of accounting, 
the establishment of a centralized State purchasing agency, 


38 


and a greater degree of administrative control and responsi- 
bility. In its welfare work, in its care of the unfortunate 
and the sick of body and mind, and in its endeavor to reduce 
human wastage, Massachusetts has made an enviable 
record. The progress made in this direction must be con- 
tinued. In such endeavor the benefits cannot be measured 
in dollars and cents. The return is to be found in the satis- 
faction of relieving suffering and in the development and 
protection of strong men and women. We must never stop 
to balance dollars against the chance of relieving misery. 
The Commonwealth might well, however, increase its 
charges for certain special activities which benefit only par- 
ticular individuals and corporations, so that their cost may 
be fully paid by the benefited parties and not from general 
taxation. There will be ample justification of this legisla- 
tive session if as a result of its deliberations the people of 
Massachusetts may enjoy improved service and at the 
same time be relieved of unnecessary expense. The adop- 
tion of the principal recommendations of the special com- ' 
mission will make such a result possible. 


EDUCATION 


The people of Massachusetts have always recognized the 
basic and essential importance of education. Upon its 
healthy condition rests, in large measure, the hope of the 
continued welfare of the Commonwealth. It is gratifying, 
therefore, to be able to record the recent progress that has 
been made in the field of public education. 

Legislation enacted at recent sessions of the General 
Court has increased the funds available for the support of 
schools; has tended to equalize the cost of education; and 
has resulted in more adequate compensation for teachers. 
Provision has also been made for raising the standards of 
teacher-training and for improving the professional status 
of the teacher. 

By fixing in the child labor laws a sixth-grade qualifica- 
tion for leaving school, and by establishing continuation 
schools, wider educational opportunity has been opened to 
many thousands of our youth. Much legislation designed 


39 


to produce educational improvement in other directions is 
also to be found in the record of recent sessions of the Gen- 
eral Court. 

Among the practical and beneficial results of the active 
interest of the people in education and of the legislation that 
has been enacted are to be noted the increase in the average 
salary of our teachers from $744 in 1910 to $1,486 in 1920; 
the turning of larger numbers of students to the normal 
schools, there being an increase of 436 for this year over 
last; the enrolment of 32,500 minors in continuation schools 
in 1921 as compared with 8,000 in 1920; instruction in the 
English language during the past year of over 20,000 adults; 
and an enrolment of more than 30,000 adults for class and 
correspondence instruction through University Extension. 

Because of the important character and the quantity of 
recent legislation affecting education, I believe that oppor- 
tunity should be given for the adjustment and assimilation 
in practice of the laws in force at present. 


AGRICULTURE 


A new hope and a new courage on the part of our farmers 
has been noted this past year. The educational work of the 
agricultural college and the helpful activities of the State 
Department of Agriculture have had a noticeable effect 
upon the progress of our farming industry. Those engaged 
in the commercial and manufacturing business of the Com- 
monwealth are increasing their interest in the farmers with 
greater realization of the mutual advantage to be gained. 
The business of farming is bound to increase in the Com- 
monwealth. There are many acres of rich untilled lands 
yet to be brought under the plow. There are many other 
acres which are wet and need to be drained or otherwise 
improved to be made fully useful. 

The developments of dairying and of such Mr ecralties as 
the raising of apples, cranberries, market-garden crops, 
onions, small fruits, tobacco, and poultry seem to offer possi- 
bilities of much greater expansion. 

The State apple packing and grading law has been of 
invaluable help to apple growers. Selected apples of high 


40 


quality in attractive packages are giving Massachusetts 
apples an enviable reputation over the entire eastern sec- 
tion of the country. In fact, apples from Massachusetts 
are shipped as far west as Detroit. I recommend an investi- 
gation of onion and tobacco grades to facilitate the handling 
and marketing of these crops. At present much unnecessary 
waste occurs because the crop is not sufficiently graded by 
the producer, who is thereby unable to obtain credit upon 
warehouse receipts because the grades are not sufficiently 
standardized to permit this. An investigation is necessary 
to determine what these grades should be. 

The State marketing officials in the Department of Agri- 
culture are keenly aware of the interest of all those who are 
concerned with the movement of food products from the 
producers to the ultimate consumer. Their service is being 
organized to meet the requirements of producers and con- 
sumers alike. The daily wholesale and weekly retail market 
reports issued in Boston, Worcester, and Springfield have 
been of assistance to growers, market men, and consumers. 
The cost of distributing our foods as well as the sources of 
their supply are réceiving careful attention and study. 

The new State constabulary is already useful in protecting 
property in the rural districts. They also police the agricul- 
tural fairs and other gatherings which are removed from 
urban police protection. 

The agricultural fairs are recovering from their setback 
due to the war, and have begun to attract great interest 
again. These afford not only an opportunity for the display 
of farm handicraft, but a gathering place for the exchange 
of thought and experience in country affairs. It should be 
remembered that farmers are not able to get together.as 
often as those who live in cities, because of the distance 
necessary to travel. JI recommend the encouragement of 
these fairs, particularly the exhibits of the labor and achieve- 
ments of the boys and girls. There are over twenty thou- 
sand such boys and girls pursuing organized agricultural 
club work in the Commonwealth at the present time. 

The tide is turning on the part of those who are agricul- 
turally minded from the West back to the East. Many 


41 


farms in the Commonwealth have been sold to such persons 
during the past year. This is a movement which the State 
Department of Agriculture is encouraging and in which it 
should be supported. Civilization in all countries and at all 
times has thrived best where a proper equilibrium has been 
maintained between city and country. 


State DrIrReEcTION OF ALL PENAL INSTITUTIONS » 


One year ago I recommended legislation looking toward 
the unified control of county penal institutions. Since that 
time a special committee of the General Court has thoroughly 
investigated this subject, visiting all the State and county 
penal institutions. That committee has recommended a 
bill which does not deprive the counties of their property 
and which does not insure “State control’ of the county 
penal institutions, but which, nevertheless, will go. far 
toward securing the benefits which would come from State 
control. I earnestly urge the enactment of this or some 
other appropriate legislation which will make possible the 
co-operative and uniform management and care of those 
committed to the various houses of correction. 

There may be some difference of opinion as to the proper 
agency to care for persons awaiting trial. There can be no 
doubt, however, that persons convicted of a breach of the 
law of this Commonwealth should be cared for under a 
system devised and directed by the Commonwealth. This 
principle is being repeatedly urged by the American Prison 
Association and by all penologists of note throughout the 
country. The whole-hearted and enthusiastic support being 
given this movement by disinterested bodies of citizens 
testifies to the public demand for a more economical and 
efficient system. 

The principal defects in the present disintegrated penal 
system are a 

1. Lack of steady and productive employment. 

. Lack of vocational training. 

. Limited educational facilities. 
. No psychiatric examination. 

. Inadequate outdoor exercise. | 


Or & OO 2% 


42 


6. Lack of uniformity in diet and discipline. 

7. Insufficient information as to case histories. ° 

8. No proper system of parole and after-care of paroled 
prisoners. 

9. Lack of a concerted and co-operative policy with 
regard to transfers and classification. 

All of these defects should be removed and a comprehen- 
sive prison policy evolved under the proposed legislation. 
Such a move cannot be considered an attack upon county 
government, as our fundamental law recognizes the existence 
of the counties, and they cannot be abolished except by 
constitutional amendment. Many of the objections origi- 
nally raised against State control cannot be made against the 
proposed legislation. Under the proposed scheme of adminis- 
tration those in charge of county institutions may preserve 
all that is good in their systems and work in co-operation 
with the State Department of Correction for the benefit of 
the unfortunates in the houses of correction and at a con- 
siderably decreased cost to our taxpayers. 

In spite of the fact that the advantages of improved 
penological treatment are provided in State institutions, 
and few if any of these are provided in county institutions, 
the net per capita cost of maintaining a prisoner in a 
county institution is still 60 per cent higher than the cost of 
maintaining a prisoner in a State institution. 

Notwithstanding the fact that an investigation has been 
In progress, no considerable improvement has been noted in 
the conduct of the houses of correction. Idleness still pre- 
vails; no productive industry has been established; and 
out-of-date penological methods are employed in many of 
them. Such powers as the Department of Correction has. 
vested in it by statute have been nullified through lack of 
co-operation by those in charge of the county institutions. 

Although there is contention to the contrary, no sufficient 
power exists in the Department of Correction to secure for 
the county institutions a proper measure of unified control. 
The control of all finances is still in the hands of the county 
commissioners, and without financial provision no extended 
improvement can be made. The power of transfer exists on 


43 


paper, but the exercise of this power without knowledge of 
the inmates to be transferred would not be productive of 
wise Classification, and unless institutions adapted for classi- 
fied treatment are provided, there would be no virtue in 
making the transfers. The power to make rules, which now 
exists, carries with it no provisions for the enforcement of the 
same. The joint control over the prison industries by the 
sheriffs and the Department of Correction is such that the 
consent of both agencies is necessary in order to make im- 
provements, and has been unproductive of progress in these 
lines. 

I sincerely hope that this session will enact legislation 
which will enable those in charge of State and county insti- 
tutions to go forward together in a co-operative manner, 
each being of assistance to the other, in an effort to secure 
for the people of Massachusetts an efficient and humane 
administration of all its penal institutions. 


UNEMPLOYMENT 


Owing to unusual conditions in business and industry, 
with the consequent result that an abnormal number were 
unemployed, on September 28 I asked a large number of 
representative men and women to serve on a Massachusetts 
committee to promote work. That general committee has 
formed sub-committees and a survey of the unemployment 
situation has been made. The committee has conferred 
with the mayors of the various cities and has studied val- 
uable data furnished by the Department of Labor and 
Industries. As a result of the recommendations of the 
conference on unemployment called by President Harding 
the Massachusetts committee has endeavored to aid in the 
organization and functioning of local unemployment com- 
mittees. Not only have municipal conditions been sur- 
veyed, but also the conditions in individual manufacturing 
concerns have been analyzed and Chambers of Commerce 
and Boards of Trade have been urged to take action. The 
figures available represent a distinct improvement since 
December, 1920, when the peak of unemployment was 
reached. However, we must stand ready to give aid during 


44 


the next few months in every proper way. Already public 
work has been stimulated, and in our State departments, 
where buildings and improvements have been authorized, 
it has been found an advantageous time to proceed with 
such work as rapidly as possible. The Public Works Depart- 
ment, in anticipation of the present situation, is ready to 
begin highway construction as soon as the season will per- 
mit. Therefore I recommend that you give immediate 
consideration to such new projects of public works and new 
buildings as are needed, and that work on them be started 
at the earliest possible moment. Last year I urged that in 
your examination of departmental appropriations you look 
over a five-year period. Asa result of that policy adopted in 
part it has been possible to hasten some needed public work. 
Again I urge the continuance and extension of that policy, 
especially so far as public works and buildings are con- 
cerned. A considerable proportion of the State’s construc- 
tion work can be done when conditions are most favorable, 
which is generally during periods of industrial depression, 
with low costs of material and plentiful labor. The result of 
such a policy will mean not only eventual saving to the 
Commonwealth, but prove of great practical value in other 
ways. The total amount of construction done by the Com- 
monwealth is small in comparison with that done by cities 
and towns. If the latter, however, following the example of 
the Commonwealth, would adopt such a policy of making 
in advance comprehensive plans to meet the requirements 
for a series of years, then in the event of a recurrence of 
excessive unemployment there would be at hand a practical 
and economical means of relieving distress.) The Massa- 
chusetts committee to promote work will continue its service, 
and its organization will be available for meeting new re- 
quirements of the unemployment situation. 


PREVENTION OF MENTAL DISEASES 


The Commonwealth has recognized its responsibility for 
the care and treatment of those suffering from mental dis- 
eases and defect, and in the State hospital system has pro- 
vided facilities for the treatment of these cases. In most 


45 


instances, however, only those patients receive treatment 
who have well-established and rather serious mental symp- 
toms. The majority of those patients are committed to the 
hospital, and the number who go on a voluntary basis, 
because they realize the necessity of treatment, is not large. 
The great sums expended by the Commonwealth for the 
maintenance of these institutions emphasizes the fact that 
much is to be done in the field of practical mental hygiene 
to stop the increasing numbers for whom institutional care 
must otherwise be provided. It is an accepted fact that 
approximately one-half of all patients admitted to our State 
institutions are suffering from mental disorders that could 
have been prevented. Our efforts must be continued to 
overcome a hesitation to use our State hospitals, — a hesi- 
tation due in part to ignorance and in part to the continuing 
effect of old tradition. Every effort must be made to bring 
treatment to bear upon the early stages of mental disorder, 
through a continued campaign of education and in trying to 
promote the best possible conditions in childhood for those 
who are handicapped either by mental defect or by nervous 
instability which may later lead to nervous and mental 
disorders. The Commonwealth has recognized the impor- 
tance of a practical mental hygiene program, and has pro- 
vided much legislation to make effective such a program. 
The State’s program for the feeble-minded embraces the 
following factors: 
. Identification. 
. Registration. 
. Education. 
Supervision. 
Segregation. 


Or HB 089 tO 


The establishment of school clinics, — the Department 
of Mental Diseases co-operating with the Department of 
Education, — whereby school children three or more years 
backward are examined, represents an _ extraordinary 
achievement, there being no known similar provision any- 
where else in the world, These clinics have been made 
constructive from the start, the purpose of the examination 


46 


being not to discredit the backward child in any way, but 
rather to ascertain exactly what school progress he is mak- 
ing; to insure that he is not worked beyond his capacity, 
and that not too much is expected of him; and so far as 
possible to ascertain any special reasons for his lack of 
development. 

Approximately 3,000 children have been examined since 
the organization of the clinics in the spring of 1921. The 
cordial co-operation with which this work has been received 
is noticeable; both the parents and the school authorities 
are using results of the examinations to do more for the 
children than has ever been done before. As a result of this 
work specially unstable children may receive adequate 
supervision and care. 

The continuing census of the feeble-minded, which the 
Department of Mental Diseases has under way, has far- 
reaching possibilities; the regular checking up of the lists 
will show those defectives who are not capable of com- 
munity life and also those of the hereditary grade who are 
likely to propagate their kind and who need institutional 
segregation. It will also show the well-developed defectives 
who are conducting themselves properly and who can safely 
be trusted in the community. 

There are now large numbers of feeble-minded patients 
of our schools for the feeble-minded living in the community 
under slight supervision, practically all behaving themselves 
and the majority supporting themselves. Recent legislation — 
- provides definitely for community supervision of the feeble- 
minded, and with provisions for the necessary machinery 
to carry on this work a much larger number can be cared 
for in the community, and room made available for those 
requiring, temporarily at least, institutional care. The 
schools for the feeble-minded should, in the future, function 
very largely in giving a period of training to large numbers 
and then return this group to the community to earn their 
own living. It is.interesting to note that a group of 93 from 
one of our schools for the feeble-minded were supervised in 
the community last year and earned, collectively, $102,000. 

There is great need for extension of this principle of com- 


47 


munity supervision as far as possible instead of expensive 
institutional support and the large expenditures for the 
construction of buildings (new construction costs approxi- 
mately $1,500 per bed; annual maintenance, at least $300 
per patient). The importance of the feeble-minded problem 
now warrants the recommendation that there be created 
with the Department of Mental Diseases a Division for the 
Feeble-minded. 

The State hospital system conducts well-organized out- 
patient clinics. This work should be continued and en- 
couraged. A practical program in mental hygiene looks 
forward to co-operating with the.courts in the examination 
of any one where there is the least suspicion of mental 
disease or mental defect. This should be encouraged, to 
the end that all courts having to do with juvenile delin- 
quency could be furnished with a psychiatric report. 

The Psychopathic Hospital provides a unit of the general 
hospital type for the reception of early cases of mental 
disorder. There is a very noticeable tendency to make use 
of such small units by individuals who, either themselves 
or their relatives, are unwilling otherwise to use the State 
hospital. To take advantage of this principle there is legis- 
lation available for the organization of small psychopathic 
hospital units. | 

Massachusetts has gone far in providing care and treat- 
ment of the insane and mentally defective. The work is 
being well done today and large appropriations are neces- 
sary for its continuance. The only escape from constantly 
increasing expense lies in the adoption of more preventive 
measures. I urge the continuance of the support given last 
year to a program of prevention to offset the growing and 
increasing demands for institutions to care for those whose 
mental disorders could have been prevented, and to the 
development of all means to care for the individual, espe- 
cially the feeble-minded, in the community under super- 
vision rather than the more expensive plan of establishing 
new hospital facilities. 


48 


Banks AND TRUST COMPANIES 


After recent experience it is a satisfaction to be able to 
report that in the judgment of the Commissioner of Banks 
the banking conditions in Massachusetts are fundamentally - 
sound. The disclosures of the last year and one-half in- 
volved only a very few of the six hundred and seventy banks, 
as defined by the statutes, under the supervision of the 
Commissioner of Banks. Nearly all the banks are ably and 
honorably managed, but the few which have been closed 
have brought suffering to thousands of innocent depositors, 
and inconvenience and loss to many others. The punish- 
ment of those who have violated the banking laws should 
be severe, and if the present laws do not provide for such 
punishment legislation should be enacted forthwith to 
correct this condition. The Commissioner of Banks should 
be given an appropriation sufficiently large to enable him 
to engage and retain the services of competent examiners 
and other assistants. If the Commonwealth is to main- 
tain a banking department the people have a right to ex- 
pect that the banks will be examined often enough and 
with such thoroughness and efficiency as to give assurance 
that all banks are sound. It should be remembered, of — 
course, that the human equation will always exist, and just 
so long there will be an occasional failure. It is to be hoped, 
however, that any such experience as we have passed 
through lately will not occur again. 

Recognizing the seriousness of conditions and the im- 
portance of preventing their recurrence a commission was 
appointed last year to revise present banking laws. I in- 
vite your careful attention to the recommendations of that 
commission for the correction of existing evils. 

It is to be regretted that the Commonwealth had large 
amounts on deposit in some of the closed banks. <A suit has 
been brought to compel payment in full to the Common- 
wealth on the ground that the Commonwealth has a claim 
of priority over other depositors. The case is now pending 
before the Supreme Judicial Court, and will be decided 
according to existing law. If the claim of the Common- 


49 


wealth is upheld then I recommend that the law be changed. 
In my opinion there should be no priority for any depositor. 
The smallest depositor should stand on equal footing with 
the largest, even if that largest depositor should be the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 


EMERGENCY FuNnpD 


The burning of the Saugus River bridge at a time when 
the Legislature was not in session, and the consequent 
interruption of an important line of automobile traffic, calls 
forcibly to attention a situation the recurrence of which 
ought to be prevented by legislative action. 

No State funds could lawfully be used to reconstruct this 
bridge, either temporarily or permanently, and the public, 
therefore, would have suffered great inconvenience for many 
months unless a special session of the Legislature were 
called or the money for rebuilding the bridge advanced by 
private individuals or municipalities. The fact that in this 
particular instance the city of Lynn paid out its own money 
for the construction of a temporary wooden bridge, relying: 
on reimbursement by the Commonwealth, does not change 
_the principles involved. 

The convening of the Legislature in special session is costly 
and ought to be avoided except in a great emergency. Pri- 
vate individuals ought not to be asked to advance money 
for the needs of the Commonwealth, and the legal right of a 
municipality to pay out its money for State purposes is 
seriously questioned. 

Therefore I recommend the enactment of a law authorizing 
the Treasurer, at the direction of the Governor with the 
approval of the Council, to issue the notes of the Common- 
wealth for sums not in excess of $100,000 and for not longer 
than one year, the proceeds of which may be available for 
the purposes of the Commonwealth in emergencies caused 
by fire or other unavoidable casualty while the Legislature 
is not in session, and to be expended by or under the direction 
of the Governor, with the approval of the Executive Council. 


50 


HABIT-FORMING Drucs 


The use of habit-forming drugs is a menacing evil which 
impairs the health of the addict and tends to lower the moral 
standard of the community. The Commonwealth, in 1917, 
following a report by a narcotic drug commission enacted 
laws well adapted to meet the situation, so far as local 
enforcement is able to suppress it. But recent organized 
effort has demonstrated, and the opinion of well-informed 
authorities substantiates the belief, that the laws passed 
by the Massachusetts Legislature are, of themselves, not 
entirely adequate to check the alarming increase in the use 
of narcotic drugs. 

Unless the laws and enforcement are made uniform 
throughout the country, what we have attempted in Massa- 
chusetts cannot be of fullest avail. 

To. the end that the best results may be obtained for 
protection of the people of Massachusetts, I urge that Con- 
gress be memorialized in favor of the passage of legislation 
that will make the Massachusetts standard a national stand- 
ard, or in favor of such other national legislation as may 
seem necessary to abate the evil. 


CONCURRENT LEGISLATION 


Officials especially charged with the duty of law enforce- 
ment report the difficulty of preventing traffic in intoxicating 
liquors, since there is a variance between the Federal and 
State laws. 

The adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment to the 
United States Constitution has prohibited the manufacture, 
sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within or into 
the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction 
thereof for beverage purposes. Federal legislation has been 
enacted to carry out the provisions of that amendment, and 
considerations of impelling force require that the laws of 
Massachusetts be made to conform to the laws of the United 
States in this respect. } 


51 


Ricut oF WoMEN TO HOLD OFFICES UNDER THE 
CONSTITUTION 


The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the 
United States is in these words: 


The right of citizens of the United States.to vote shall not be denied 
or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. . .. 


Although the amendment relates to the right to vote and 
not to holding office it is difficult for the layman to under- 
stand why the person who is qualified to vote is not qualified 
to hold office under a republican form of government. Ata 
special session of the General Court in December, 1920, an 
attempt was made to agree to Articles of Amendment to the 
Constitution of Massachusetts, making it clear that women 
should be eligible for any office in this Commonwealth. 
That action was later declared by our courts to have been 
futile. The General Court of last year agreed to an amend- 
ment to accomplish that purpose, and it was then, as re- 
quired, referred to the next General Court. The General 
Court of last year indicated its purpose to do everything 
possible to make women eligible for office by enacting that 
“Women shall be eligible to election or appointment to all 
state offices, positions, appointments and employments, 
except those from which they may be excluded by the con- 
stitution of the Commonwealth. .. .” (Statutes 1921, 
c. 449, § 3.) 

The chief law officer of the Commonwealth has given an 
opinion to the Secretary of the Commonwealth that this 
statute cannot be held to confer upon women the right to be 
elected as representatives to the General Court. It is to be 
assumed that the next General Court will again agree to a 
constitutional amendment making certain this right of 
women, and that that amendment will be submitted to the 
people for ratification at the earliest time possible, to wit, at 
the election in 1924. If ratified at that time then women 
could not be candidates for constitutional offices until the 
election of 1926. The matter is of such great importance and 
affects the rights of such a large proportion of our citizens 


52 


that we should not be content without a final decision, and 
therefore I urge the General Court to ask the Supreme 
Judicial Court for an opinion as to whether the spirit and 
meaning of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Federal Con- 
stitution has not given to women the right to hold all offices 
under the Constitution of Massachusetts. 


WoRKMEN’S COMPENSATION 


Few of our people appreciate the proportions to which the 
workmen’s compensation insurance benefits have expanded 
in this Commonwealth. Under the law which took effect in 
1912 the workmen of Massachusetts and the dependents of 
workmen dying from the effects of their injuries in the year 
ending June 30, 1921, have been awarded the sum of $6,260,- 
691. These benefits were distributed among 114,844 work- 
men, and the total expense to the Commonwealth for the 
administration of the law under which this vast sum was 
distributed was less than 2.3 per cent on each dollar so dis- 
tributed. The general provisions of the Workmen’s Com- 
pensation Act and its administration here are universally 
commended, and by virtue of its operation the Common- 
wealth and its people have greatly benefited. 

There is, however, one phase of this law which may well 
be changed. When an employee dies as a result of an injury, 
those dependent upon him are paid compensation weekly 
over a period of four hundred to five hundred weeks to the 
amount of $4,000. The maximum weekly payment under 
this form of benefit is $10, the amount established in 1912. 
The maximum weekly benefit for disability was fixed at the 
same figure originally, but has been increased to a maximum 
of $16 per week. Without increasing the maximum of the 
total benefit of $4,000, I recommend an’ increase of the 
maximum weekly payment to those totally dependent upon 
one whose death is chargeable to industry under the Com- 
pensation Act. Conditions have changed, and a dependent 
family might receive far more benefit from payments of $16 
per week for a reduced period than from payments of $10 
per week over a longer period. 


53 


SPECIAL ELECTIONS OF MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL CouRT 


Under the present system of biennial elections, when 280 
members of the General Court are elected for a term of two 
years it seems inevitable that vacancies will occur. Of those 
elected in 1920 five are no longer members of the General 
Court. While the Legislature is in session special elections 
may be ordered to fill vacancies. Public policy requires that 
no district should remain without representation and that 
vacancies be filled at the earliest moment. Therefore I. 
recommend that power be given to the presiding officers of 
either branch to issue during a recess of the General Court 
a precept for special elections to fill vacancies occurring in 
such branch after final adjournment. 


CONCLUSION 


While our country was at war it was necessary to mobilize 
the civilian forces no less than the military and naval forces. 
There was one objective, — the winning of the war. All 
other considerations had to yield to that. Nothing else 
counted unless our rights as a free people were preserved. 
It seemed necessary to have great organized efforts to 
direct the thought of the people in particular channels. It 
was necessary to accomplish one great task and then turn 
quickly to another. Most of the men who answered the call 
to arms have returned to civilian pursuits. Some of those 
who were most successful in directing war-time civilian ac- 
tivities have shown a hesitation to return to their accus- 
tomed tasks. They feel the need of continuing organized 
efforts to direct the public thought along the lines in which 
they are specially interested. As representatives we must 
have in mind constantly the whole people whom we repre- 
sent. It is not possible to bring all the people to a legislative 
hearing. But we must always remember the multitude 
who are quietly about their work no less than those who are 
present to advocate measures in which they sincerely be- 
lieve. It is a time when individual thinking and individual 
responsibility are necessary. The people realize that the 
vast majority of their public officials are honest and de- 


54 


voted to their duties. The vast majority of our people are 
self-reliant and industrious, and they stand ready to give 
fair-minded and strong support to honest administration 
and to conscientious legislators. That has always been true. 
It is true to-day. In it lies the security of our democratic 
institutions. With a pride in the history of Massachusetts 
which its people have written honorably, let us turn with 
courage to the duties ahead, rejoicing in the privilege of 
service at a time when, if responsibilities seem heavier, there 
remains, nevertheless, the opportunity for greater satisfac- 
tion in worthy achievement. 


55 


INAUGURAL ADDRESS 


Delivered in the House of Representatives January 4, 1923 


Members of the General Court: —'Today we have assem- 
bled to imaugurate the second government in Massachu- 
setts elected for a two-year term. It is natural to inquire 
what has been the effect of change from annual to biennial 
elections. ‘The disadvantages are not apparent, while the 
new method has contributed to the stability of an economi- 
cal administration of State affairs, with a large saving of the 
expense of annual elections. 


BIENNIAL SESSIONS 


The Legislature of Massachusetts is in session longer 
than that of any other State in the Union. Most States 
have only biennial legislative sessions, and the length of 
those sessions is definitely limited by their Constitutions. 
I would not depart from the unique Massachusetts sys- 
tem of free right of petition, of the requirement that 
every petition shall be considered by committee with op- 
portunity for public hearing, and the additional require- 
ment that such committee must report on all matters, with 
the right of free debate upon them in the general body. 
With the present rules of procedure in the General Court, 
which in their protection of the rights of a minority are ad- 
mirable, it has seemed impossible to shorten materially the 
legislative session. There are few matters presented in 
one year which, after fair consideration and rejection, could 
not, without public injury, await the deliberation of another 
General Court. There is already evidence that the people 
propose to invoke the referendum upon matters of widespread 
general interest, which will in any event postpone consider- 
ation of such matters for two years. Special legislative 


56 


sessions can be called whenever a grave emergency arises. 
In the substitution of one legislative session for two, there 
ought to be an additional incentive for care in drafting and 
enacting legislation, and with the realization that the mis- 
takes of one year could not be remedied the next, there 
ought to be a growing tendency to ponder carefully over 
doubtful experiments. It is fair to assume that a session 
once in two years would diminish the tremendous grist of 
new statutes, which have multiplied to such an extent that 
many an attorney-at-law has difficulty to determine what 
is prescribed and what proscribed, to say nothing of the 
layman who is constructively held to know the law. There- 
fore I advocate another logical departure from our custom, 
and as a further contribution to the stability of our govern- 
ment of laws, and to assure an additional saving in expense, 
I recommend that provision be made for only biennial ses- 
sions of the General Court. 


STATE FINANCES 


It will become my duty within a few days to submit the 
annual budget, and it will then be more appropriate than — 
now to discuss State finances in detail. It is my purpose to 
follow the same general financial policy of the past two 
years under which satisfying progress was made. On De- 
cember 1, 1920, the net direct State debt was $35,128,239. 
On December 1, 1922, that debt was $23,712,611. The net 
direct State debt has been reduced by $11,415,627 in the 
past two years, and leaves that debt considerably lower 
than at any time during the past ten years. The State tax 
was reduced last year by $2,660,000, and although the work 
of all departments has been well done and a liberal program 
of improvements and additions to our institutions has been 
carried out, fortunately there is a balance of $5,000,000 in 
the treasury as we start the fiscal year. Such commendable 
results amply justify the adoption of an executive budget 
and a strict pay-as-you-go policy. I ask most earnestly that 
you give the same co-operation in the endeavor to improve 
the financial condition of the Commonwealth and to make 
lighter the burdens of general taxation which made the last 


57 


General Court noteworthy. I ask you to remember that 
- money spent improvidently, extravagantly or recklessly by 
the city or town, State or Nation, becomes a needless charge 
which must be borne by the people. It is a good rule to 
require every public official to use the same care and pru- 
dence in the handling of public funds that he employs in 
spending money earned by his own labor. 


COMMISSION ON ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE 


Within the past month the new Commission on Adminis- 
tration and Finance has come into being. The success which 
its members have achieved in private affairs gives assurance 
of their capacity for fine public service. Such a commission 
can look into the work of each department and weigh its 
importance in the light of the entire undertaking of the 
Commonwealth. It can take the point of view of the execu- 
tive and set a constant vigil to warn against duplication of 
work and to point the way for transacting the public business 
more efficiently and economically. In a larger way, it can 
study intensively: fundamental questions such as the value of 
some of the undertakings to which the Commonwealth is 
committed, and whether the government is trying to do 
some things which of right the individual citizen should do 
for himself. An analysis of State expenditures reveals some 
startling figures. Of each dollar which the State spends, 
19.63 cents go for the care of those afflicted with mental 
diseases; 11.65 cents go for public welfare. Without in any 
way abandoning the policy of maintaining the splendid 
institutions in which the people of Massachusetts have a 
feeling of pride, and which have given our Commonwealth 
leadership in this field of humane endeavor, it will be helpful 
to have a thorough examination of primary causes and to 
make certain that we are attacking some of our problems at 
the source, and that we are doing all possible in the way of 
prevention. I ask your sympathetic study of the recom- 
mendations of the new Commission, whose establishment I 
believe will prove to be a most important milestone in mark- 
ing the progress of sound government in Massachusetts. 


58 


MounicipaL FINANCE 


In response to my recommendation at the beginning of the 
1922 session of the General Court a special commission was 
created to study municipal finances and local taxation prob- 
lems. I invite your serious study of the report of that com- 
mission. The burden of local taxation is far more onerous 
than the comparatively small tax levied by the Common- 
wealth. Excessive local taxation is a most important factor 
in checking community growth, discouraging industry, and 
depressing property values. Yet it is evident that munic- 
ipalities will be required to undertake extensive public 
improvements to meet changed conditions and to relieve 
the congestion caused by the general use of motor vehicles. 
I recommend that the mayor of every city be given the same 
power of absolute veto over loans and items in loan bills that 
was conferred upon the mayor of Boston in 1909. I also 
recommend that means be provided so that, when occasion 
arises, there may be an impartial investigation of the finances 
of any city, except Boston and those of other municipalities 
which have permanent finance commissions. I further 
recommend that the right of referendum in case of loans and 
special expenditures be generally extended so that the citi- 
zens themselves may have the power to aid in keeping 
down municipal debt and taxes. 


REVENUE FOR HIGHWAYS 


The solution of traffic congestion on our main highways is 
of vital concern. During the past year the number of motor 
vehicles in Massachusetts increased over 70,000, — the 
largest increase in any one year. There is reason to believe 
that there will be a similar increase this year. Already the 
main highways are so congested that there is little pleasure 
and great danger in motor driving on holidays and Sundays. 
It is necessary that more and more secondary roads be put 
into proper condition so that thousands of pleasure seekers 
may get off the main arteries of travel and out into the coun- 
try where they may enjoy our beautiful scenery. Such 
development would help relieve congestion but would entail 
large expenditures. 


59 


The dense population residing within a short radius of 
Boston makes the local metropolitan traffic problem par- 
ticularly vexatious. There must be a sufficiently direct and 
adequate approach from the south, and there must be a 
similar route from the north. It must be recognized that 
municipalities are having difficulty in meeting necessary 
expenditures even with the present high local taxes, and 
every care must be exercised not to impose needless burdens 
upon them. And yet there must be progress, and crying 
needs must be met. During my administration I have had 
the co-operation of the Legislature in a policy of devoting 
the funds received from the registration of motor vehicles 
to improving the highways. The present revenue from this 
source is not sufficient to permit a highway building program 
which will keep abreast with the growing needs. As an 
equitable method of producing the increased funds neces- 
sary, I recommend a tax upon gasoline and other fuels used 
in propelling motor vehicles. Such a tax has been adopted 
in many other States with satisfactory results. The amount 
of gasoline consumed bears a very direct proportion to the 
use and wear and tear upon the roads. It is obvious that 
the large car, in constant use, tears up the roads more than 
does the small, light car, and the amount of fuel used in each 
varies in proportion to use, size and weight. Thus, the tax 
proposed bears proportionately on each. The owner of a 
small car, using little gasoline, and perhaps using his car 
only a small portion of the year, would pay a smaller tax 
than the owner of a big car in constant use. Such a tax also 
puts a burden upon the car which is operated but not regis- 
tered in’ Massachusetts. 

The Webster Commission recommended a tax of 2 cents 
per gallon upon gasoline and other motor vehicle fuel 
brought into the State or manufactured herein, to be col- 
lected by the Tax Commissioner from the wholesale dis- 
tributors, who would pass it along to the motor vehicle 
owners. That Commission further recommended that 75 
per cent of the amount of the tax be expended by the De- 
partment of Public Works upon the maintenance and 
construction of State highways, the remaining 25 per cent 
to be distributed among the cities and towns of the Com- 


60 


monwealth in proportion to the State tax, to be expended 
upon the maintenance and construction of highways within 
their limits under specifications furnished or approved by 
the Department of Public Works. Recognizing the serious 
condition of the finances of many municipalities, I would 
recommend that the Commonwealth keep 50 per cent and 
return to the cities and towns 50 per cent of the tax so col- 
lected. The local highways thus improved or built would 
doubtless in many cases be parts of through routes of travel, 
but no such requirement need be imposed. In my judgment 
the motor users of the Commonwealth desire a program of 
road building which shall be second to none in the country, 
and they are willing to meet in an equitable way the cost of 
such a program. The additional mileage per gallon of gaso- 
line to be obtained on good roads might in large measure 
offset the burden of the additional tax. 


Pusuic HEALTH 


On the whole, the year 1921 gave the most satisfactory | 
results hitherto experienced in life conservation in this Com- 
monwealth. The year 1922 has continued to be equally as 
favorable, and although it is too early to have final and 
complete statistics, it is obvious that in some particulars the 
health record of 1921 has been still further bettered. 

The outstanding feature of health accomplishment has 
been the focusing of attention on child health. The attitude 
of this Commonwealth in reference to maternal and child 
hygiene has been somewhat misrepresented outside of Mas- 
sachusetts. Although refusing to accept the provisions of 
the Federal Maternity Act in order to retain the proper 
relationship of the Federal and State governments, Massa- 
chusetts has independently inaugurated, through the De- 
partment of Public Health, as complete and what promises 
to be as successful a program of infant and maternal health 
conservation as any of our sister States. This program, I 
feel, should be conservatively continued. 

Particularly gratifying has been the progress of the cam- 
paign against tuberculosis. In 1922 there has been a still 
further recession of the fatality of this disease, reaching a 


61 


new low mark of deaths which would have seemed beyond 
the expectations of the most enthusiastic advocates of pre- 
ventive medicine only a few years ago. The Commissioner 
of Public Health gives assurance, however, that the sickness 
and death toll from this disease can be still further reduced. 
Further measures of prevention and detection in childhood 
seem to be necessary. I bespeak for all phases of child health 
conservation your most careful consideration. The eradica- 
tion of the disease in dairy animals is necessary for tuber- 
culosis control in human beings. I recommend the adoption 
of a policy which will eliminate bovine tuberculosis from the 
herds of our institutional farms. 

The data on the disease of cancer in Massachusetts are 
most startling. The necessity of a more intensive cam- 
paign of education as to the significance of and best con- 
ditions for combating this malady is urgently indicated and 
recommended. 

EDUCATION 


Massachusetts stands pledged to continue her leadership 
in education. There can be no important question affecting 
the public policy that is not influenced by a wide diffusion 
of learning among our people. A broad and liberal concep- 
tion of the place and function of public education is related 
inseparably to the economic, social, and civic life of the 
State. Progressive legislation and local pride and initiative 
in education have given our Commonwealth an enviable 
place among our sister States. 

The turning of our people in rapidly increasing numbers 
to schools and classes of all kinds is a strong assurance for 
the future of our democracy. For the last school year, 
558,168 pupils were enrolled in the elementary public 
schools. In the secondary schools alone last year the total 
attendance was 107,636 pupils,— an increase of 15,279 
during the year. The normal schools and higher institu- 
tions of all kinds had maximum enrollments. 

The continued efficiency of our schools and their further 
improvement will be, in large measure, determined by the 
quality of the teaching service. Massachusetts holds high 
place in the degree to which her teachers are trained. More 


62 


than 80 per cent of our teachers have met the accepted 
standard for professional training. We should confidently 
look forward to the provision in the near future of properly 
qualified teachers for all the children in the schools of the 
Commonwealth. 

The General Court of Massachusetts has always looked 
with sympathy and understanding upon any measure for 
the improvement of our schools. The underlying faith of 
the Commonwealth in education is in itself a guaranty that 
this attitude will continue to prevail. 3 


AGRICULTURE 


There has been a noticeable interest in agricultural 
matters on the part of business men during the past year. 
Chambers of commerce and other organizations of business 
men and manufacturers have live committees studying 
farmers’ problems and offering valuable assistance in their 
solution. While statistics of area of cultivated land may 
indicate that Massachusetts farming is declining, the fact 
is that a change is taking place and not a decline. The gen- 
eral farm is passing, and in its place the raising of specialties 
of higher quality and greater value per acre is taking its 
place. Hand labor is being replaced by modern machinery. 
Fewer persons on farms and less acres are capable of raising 
greater quantities of food than were possible under old- 
fashioned methods. 

These changes demand greater information as to acreage 
of crops grown in this and other States, their condition from 
time to time, and the status of markets and market prices. 
Quick market information assists producers to receive higher 
prices and consumers to pay less. This State is co-operating 
with the other New England States and the United States 
Department of Agriculture in gathering this information, and 
has developed an efficient system of distribution by means 
of the daily press, market news letters, and the radiophone. 
Reduction in the costs of marketing will follow the more 
complete extension of this system of market news service. 

The European corn borer is an increasing menace to the 
growing of farm crops in the Commonwealth. In great 


63 


areas field and sweet corn, as well as such valuable truck — 
crops as celery, beets, beans, and squashes, were destroyed 
last year. This insect threatens to curtail seriously the 
growth of valuable food plants. [recommend the appropria- 
tion of amounts necessary to keep this pest in check and 
prevent it, if possible, from spreading over the entire Com- 
monwealth. 
Furt EMERGENCY 


The shortage of anthracite coal in Massachusetts, and the 
consequent suffering and inconvenience, is due to causes 
beyond our control. The amount of that coal brought into 
Massachusetts between April 1 and November 1, 1922, was 
2,084,000 less tons than during the corresponding period in 
1921. : 

A prolonged industrial controversy which involves the 
cessation of coal-mining operation for more than five months, 
and which jeopardizes the health and comfort of all who 
live in our cold winter climate, ought never be tolerated 
again in this free country. Massachusetts can have no 
control of the production and sale of coal beyond its bound- 
aries, but when once coal arrives here then our power begins. 
Fortunately, the Legislature last June made quick response 
to my request and revived the war-time powers of the 
Governor with respect to coal. Acting under such authority 
an Emergency Fuel Committee was created, and James J. 
Phelan, Esq., was appointed Emergency Fuel Administrator. 
Their concerted and vigorous action has done much to 
remedy a bad situation. Every effort has been made to 
insure a fair supply of coal for Massachusetts. Local fuel 
administrators have been constituted, who, together with 
the women committees, served gratuitously and with con- © 
siderable expense and personal sacrifice to themselves; all 
reported cases of extortionate prices have been investi- 
gated; and regulations have been made which have been 
most helpful in insuring a general and equitable distribution 
throughout the State. Through conservation and the use 
of substitutes, aided by unusually favorable weather con- 
ditions, and by shipments above normal since October 1, 
our State supply of coal is such that while the shortage will 


64 


' continue and cause anxiety and inconvenience and annoy- 
ance, — from which we ought to be relieved, — it ought to 
be sufficient to avoid actual distress. This hopeful outlook 
is predicated upon a continuance of normal transportation 
facilities and no reduction in production. Outrageous 
prices continue to be quoted within our State for anthracite 
coal f.o.b. at the Pennsylvania mines. In my judgment the 
Federal government should enact suitable legislation to 
prevent such abuse, as indeed it should prohibit re-sales 
which are usually nothing more or less than speculations. 
If coal were required to pass from the producer once to the 
wholesaler or jobber, then to the dealer, and then to the 
public (with the proviso that it may pass directly from 
. the producer to the retailer), then the speculators would be 
largely eliminated. The Federal government would have 
our warm approval if it would compel a standard of coal, 
as unfortunately much of our supply contains an excessive 
percentage of impurities, commonly called “bone” and 
““slate.’’ Although Massachusetts and other States are 
impotent to take needful action in these exasperating prem- 
ises, as our first problem is to get coal within our borders 
at any cost, and adequate regulation of the coal business 
must be by Federal action, nevertheless the power of the 
Massachusetts Emergency Fuel Administrator should be 
strengthened so that he may better regulate distribution 
within the State, and limit Massachusetts dealers to a 
reasonable profit on their intrastate sales. Therefore I 
recommend sufficient appropriations to continue the Emer- 
gency Fuel Administrator, and that fines and imprison- 
ment be provided as penalties for the violations of any 
orders or regulations promulgated by the Emergency Fuel 
Administrator with respect to the purchase, sale, or dis- 
tribution of fuel within our Commonwealth. 


New ENGLAND RAILROADS 


The question of the future policy of the New England 
States towards their railroads has been brought to the front 
by the provisions of the Esch-Cummins Act, which au- 
thorize the Interstate Commerce Commission to prepare 


65 


and adopt a plan for consolidating all the railroads of the 
country into a limited number of systems. Acting under 
this authority the Interstate Commerce Commission en- 
gaged Professor Ripley of Harvard University to prepare a 
report on railroad consolidations, and in August, 1921, the 
Commission published its tentative plan, with the Ripley 
report as an appendix. 

For the New England lines the Commission suggested 
three alternative plans: 

1. Consolidation of the northern New England railroads 
with the New York Central System, and of the southern 
New England railroads with the Baltimore & Ohio. 

2. The consolidation of all the New England railroads 
into an “all New England” system. 

3. The creation of a New England-Great Lakes system by 
consolidating with the “‘all New England” group the Lacka- 
wanna and Delaware & Hudson and certain smaller rail- 
roads. 

Although the Esch-Cummins Act does not make consoli- 
dations compulsory, it raises questions of railroad policy 
which may become by future legislation of vital consequence 
to all the New England States. The Esch-Cummins Act 
provides that the Interstate Commerce Commission shall 
hold public hearings for the discussion of its tentative con- 
solidation plan, and that notice of such hearings shall be 
sent to the Governor of each State. 

It seemed important that the New England States be 
adequately prepared to present to the Commission the point 
of view of the welfare of the New England States. To that 
end I invited the co-operation of the other New England 
States, with the result that the Governor of each of those 
States has appointed a Special Railroad Committee repre- 
senting leaders in industry, finance, and commerce. The — 
committees have organized as the Joint New England Rail- 
road Committee, and are now engaged in a thoroughgoing 
study of the New England railroad situation. 

It is common knowledge that the condition of the New 
England railroads has been very serious since the termina- 
tion of government control. The Federal government has 


66 


loaned them large sums of money, while their financial diffi- 
culties, combined with the effects of business depression and 
the labor controversies of the past year, have crippled their 
service. Then, too, the railroads have not yet become ad- 
justed to the changes of far-reaching importance which have 
been made in transportation during the past few years by 
the remarkable growth of the motor truck and pleasure car 
automobile traffic. 

There is no ground for discouragement as to the future of 
Massachusetts industries. Increasing competition of other 
sections of the country although emphasizing some of our 
disadvantages, such as distance from raw materials, also 
tends to make more evident the advantage of New England’s 
position, with its long coastline and its easy and direct access 
to the world’s richest and greatest market, — the popula- 
tion within one hundred miles of the Atlantic seaboard. 
However, if New England is to continue to sustain her 
eminent position in the industrial life of the Nation, every 
factor entering into the production and distribution of her 
manufactures must be developed to the highest point of 
efficiency. The New England States in the interest of New 
England industry should have the best-equipped and most 
efficiently operated railroads in the United States. In the 
interest of New England industry the various modes of 
transportation, railroads, motor trucks, and coastwise 


shipping should be co-ordinated to bring about the most — | 


efficient and most economical service to our industries and to 
the public. 

It is therefore a matter of great gratification. that the 
Joint New England Railroad Committee has construed 
broadly its commission from the New England Governors, 
and has undertaken as the foundation for its consideration 
of the consolidation question an intensive study of the New 
England railroads, their physical plant, their operating 
methods, their financial condition, their terminals and . 
terminal operations, of the motor truck problem as a per- 
manent and helpful factor in the New England transporta- 
tion situation, and of the coastwise shipping lines, and the 
relation of both the latter factors to the railroad situation. 


67 


The Committee has engaged a technical staff made up 
of the ablest expert talent which can be obtained, headed 
by Howard G. Kelley, until recently president of the Grand 
Trunk Railroad. The members of the Committee them- 
selves, headed by James J. Storrow, Esq., are giving un- 
stintingly of their own time and making personal detailed 
investigation of the efficiency of management and operation 
of the New England transportation system. It is expected 
that the work will not be completed for several months. In 
order that the Committee may work to the best advantage, 
it is reeommended that $15,000 be appropriated to meet the 
share of Massachusetts in the expenses of the Jomt New 
England Committee. 


New ENnGuAnp DIFFERENTIALS 


The Commonwealth has made a determined effort to 
stimulate the business of her ports, and for that purpose has 
expended large sums in dredging harbors, making rail con- 
nections, providing space for storage, and in other ways 
developing port facilities. It is not suggested that additional 
improvements are necessary at this time, although when the 
differential case is decided it may be necessary to prepare 
for the greater volume of business that will come to our ports 
if they are placed upon a basis of rate equality with the 
other Atlantic ports. While there is a general disappoint- 
ment that the business of our ports has failed to keep pace 
with the tremendous growth of commerce in other Atlantic 
ports, it is gratifying to note that during the past few months 
there has been a substantial increase, particularly in im- 
ports. This is due, to a considerable extent, to the expan- 
sion of New England’s trade with South America; a steady 
increase in the intercoastal traffic via the Panama Canal, 
and the united effort that is being made by New England 
business men to patronize their home ports. In this they 
are to be commended, and the active development of this 
spirit will help to restore New England’s former maritime 
prestige, and will also benefit our railroads. 

It has been impossible to compete for business with other 
Atlantic ports so long as there were freight rates which 


68 


discriminated against Massachusetts and New England. 
Frankly recognizing the difficulty of competition under 
such unfavorable conditions, several of the great commer- 
cial bodies of New England have joined: with the Maritime 
Association of the Boston Chamber of Commerce in peti- 
tioning the Interstate Commerce Commission for the equali- 
zation of rates to all New England ports and New York, 
Philadelphia, Norfolk, and other Atlantic and Gulf ports. 
There can be no answer to the justice of New England’s 
demand for fair treatment. The case before the Interstate 
Commerce Commission is being prosecuted ably and vigor- 
ously. The public has a vital interest in securing a favorable 
decision. I have therefore directed that the Commonwealth 
be joined as a party to the suit. With the approval of the 
Executive Council, $2,500 has been appropriated from the 
Governor’s Contingent Fund. It is recommended that 
further sums be appropriated by the Legislature as the case 
proceeds, in order that everything possible be done to re- 
move the handicap of the unfair differential rates under 
which Massachusetts and New England ports have suffered. 


PENAL SYSTEM 


For the past two years I have urged with all the force at 
my command the establishment of a more modern method 
of penology, and have urged particularly that the jails and | 
_ houses of correction, now maintained by fourteen separate 
counties with varying standards, be consolidated under the 
direct control of the Commonwealth. In spite of the tre- 
mendously organized opposition to the proposal, I am still 
convinced that Massachusetts would profit immeasurably 
by such a change. It did not seem that any of the argu- 
ments advanced against unified control were sufficient to 
defeat the plan, with one exception. I was impressed with 
the charge that the Commonwealth had not done all that 
was reasonably necessary to afford proper opportunities and 
care for those prisoners now committed directly to its charge. 
I was impressed by the criticisms made of the present State 
Prison, so much so that I asked Hon. W. Cameron Forbes 
to make an investigation of the institution. Because of his 


69 


attainments in so many fields, and because of his work as 
Governor of the Philippines in remolding the prison system 
of those islands, I believed his judgment would carry great 
weight. He undertook the voluntary commission, and after 
several months of study has advised me that the Charles- 
_town prison should be abandoned at the earliest opportunity. 
The Commissioner of Correction has repeatedly made the 
same recommendation, as indeed have various previous 
heads of the department. It is felt that the principal evils 
of the prison cannot be corrected under the existing physi- 
cal conditions. The cells are not well ventilated or well 
lighted. Modern sanitary arrangements are lacking. There 
is no opportunity for congregate feeding, and the prisoners | 
are obliged to eat in the cells where they sleep. There are 
not suitable facilities for recreation or for any pleasing 
prospect, such as gardens or growing things. There are im- 
portant economic considerations as _ well. It is unduly : 
expensive to maintain the present State Prison. The land 
on which it is located is valued at $700,000. It is not possible 
to unload directly from the railroad, and there are no large 
coal pockets.‘ The shops are not electrically lighted, there 
are no suitable facilities for storage, which causes much 
unnecessary labor in carrying raw materials and finished 
products about the prison, and the antiquated condition of 
the whole structure requires frequent and extensive repairs. 
There is no occasion for serious alarm over the conditions, 
because at present there are opportunities for schooling, all 
the inmates are given a chance to work (nearly half of them 
being allowed to select the kind of work), all the inmates are 
allowed to attend religious services, and there is sufficient 
wholesome food served. The health statistics of the prison 
are good. The proportion of sick is small. The average 
daily number in the hospital for the year 1921 was 5%, or 
less than 1 per cent of the total prison population. Never- 
theless, the time seems to have arrived when the Charles- 
town site should be abandoned. In the past several investi- 
gating committees have recommended a new prison, but the 
locations suggested for such a prison are nearly as numer- 
ous as the investigations. 


70 


It has been frequently suggested that the buildings at 
the Concord Reformatory — originally built for a State 
prison — be re-occupied, and that a new building or group 
of buildings for reformatory purposes be erected on other 
sites. It has been variously suggested that a new prison be 
located on land at the State Farm in Bridgewater, or that 
Deer Island be purchased from the city of Boston, or that a 
new location in the country be selected. JI recommend that 
the Governor be authorized to appoint an unpaid commis- 
sion of five, who shall, after study, report to the next session 
upon the location of a new prison, upon plans for its con- 
struction, or upon plans for a new reformatory, and also 
that such commission shall also report upon the need of 
any change or reform in our system of prison administration. 

In order that as much advance as possible may be made 
in the treatment of the inmates of county institutions, I 
recommend that the Commissioner of Correction be em- 
powered to cause a thorough physical, medical, and psychiat- 
ric examination of all serving sentences in the jails and 
houses of correction, and that the Commissioner of Correc- 
tion be given adequate power to transfer any sentenced 
prisoners to such other county house of correction as may 
be best fitted for the education and reform of such prisoner 
and the protection of society. 


TERM OF STATE TREASURER 


The Constitution of Massachusetts provides that no 
person shall serve as Treasurer and Receiver-General of the 
Commonwealth for more than five consecutive years. When 
biennial elections were adopted, unfortunately no change in 
the tenure of the office of Treasurer was made. I recom- 
mend that action be taken to amend the Constitution so 
that no person shall serve as Treasurer and Receiver-General 
more than six consecutive years. 


INSPECTION OF Dams 


All dams built within the Commonwealth, of such im- 
portance that their failure would cause damage to prop- 


71 


erty, are placed by the General Laws under the general 
supervision of the commissioners of the county within which 
the dams are erected. The possibility of serious injury to 
life and property was brought forcibly to mind in the break- 
ing of the dams at Willimansett on July 17, 1922. The 
failure of one dam may not indicate that others are in a 
dangerous condition. It does, however, suggest the need of 
the utmost precaution. I therefore recommend that the 
law requiring periodical inspection of dams by county 
commissioners be carried further, and that county com- 
missioners be required to file with the Commissioner of 
Public Works a certificate which shall specify the date of 
examination of all dams, and a finding that such dams are 
in a condition which does not endanger human life. 


SAFETY EDUCATION 


In my first inaugural address attention was called to the 
large number of fatalities and accidents to children caused 
by motor vehicles, and it was recommended that every 
elementary school be asked to set aside a few minutes each 
week for the purpose of impressing upon children the danger 
in the use of our streets and highways, and the absolute 
need of caution in such use. It was recommended that the 
Commissioner of Education be given authority and facilities 
for assembling facts and methods of presentation to be 
available for the use of school teachers. Again I renew those 
recommendations. In 1921 there were 193 children killed 
and 3,433 injured in motor vehicle accidents on our high- 
ways, and in the past year 209 have been killed and 4,614 
injured. As the result of concerted action on the part of 
the police, the operators, the public, and the Registrar of 
Motor Vehicles, there has been a reduction in the number 
of adult fatalities, but it has not been possible to retard the 
number of child fatalities. We must have the deepest con- 
cern for the sorrow of parents who suffer from these sad 
occurrences. We must be concerned with, the economic 
loss to the community incident to the death and injury of 
so large a number of children in whom loving parents have 


72 


invested years of care and savings. Increased vigor on the 
part of law-enforcing officers and a widespread educational 
campaign seem to afford the only remedy. 


Cuitp LABOR 


Although Massachusetts is one of the great industrial 
States of the Union, it has for years restricted the employ- 
ment of children. Massachusetts would not turn back- 
ward. The wisdom of such humane legislation has been 
abundantly justified. Her citizens should not be compelled, 
however, to submit the products of their factories in com- 
petition with those made in States where child labor is 
permitted. I recommend that the National Congress be 
memorialized in favor of an amendment to the Federal 
Constitution which would permit legislation making it 
forever impossible to employ children in the industries of 
the United States. 


PREVENTION OF UNEMPLOYMENT 


In my inaugural address for 1921 I advocated that a pro- 
gram of future developments — especially so far as the 
construction of new buildings, new highways, improve- 
ments of harbors, and public works in general — be deter- 
mined in advance, and tentative plans made so that in 
periods of depression such work may be undertaken. 

Two objects would be accomplished by the adoption of 
this recommendation: first, the tremendous help toward 
eliminating unemployment, and second, the securing of 
improvements at an undoubtedly lower cost than could be 
obtained at times when business is exceptionally good. 

This recommendation has since been adopted in many 
places. Again I urge the adoption of this policy here so 
that the Commonwealth may have ready at hand its neces- 
sary construction program for a period of at least five years 
and be ready to start immediate work in periods of private 
business depression. 


73 


SuHort BaLLot 


As a member of the Legislature of 1911, I voted for the 
present direct primary law. I believed in the principle of 
direct nominations then — I do today. There is, however, 
much criticism against the way in which the State-wide 
direct primary has operated in Massachusetts. The objec- 
tion which seems to carry most weight arises from the fact 
that usually there are so many offices to be filled in a State- 
wide primary, and so many candidates seek nomination for 
those offices, that even the careful voter finds it extremely 
difficult to learn the relative merits of the various candi- 
dates. Naturally, perhaps, the chief interest centers upon 
the candidates for Governor and for Lieutenant-Governor, 
and public discussion is confined largely to the candidates 
for those two offices except in the years when a candidate 
for United States Senator is to be nominated. The chief 
objection to the present system would, in my judgment, be 
removed by the adoption of the short ballot. Then, in a 
larger way the people have come to look to the Governor as 
the head of the State administration, and there is a growing 
tendency to hold him responsible for the conduct of all the 
departments of administration. If the Governor is in any 
sense to be held responsible for the conduct of the affairs of 
the departments of the State officials, then he ought to have 
some choice in the selection of those officials. He ought 
to be allowed to call into those positions men who will work 
in harmony with him and who will have a regard for the 
policies which bear his approval. To the end that the 
direct primary system may operate to better advantage, 
and that the efficiency of the State administration may be 
promoted, again I urge that the Constitution be amended 
so that the Governor be given the power to appoint for the 
same term as his own the State officers, — the Secretary 
of the Commonwealth, the Treasurer and Receiver-General, 
the Auditor, and the Attorney General. 


TA 


MEMORIAL TO SOLDIERS AND SAILORS 


The people of Massachusetts are profoundly grateful to 
the thousands of young men who served in the World War. 
Their valor, their devotion, and their patriotic response to a 
great call illuminate the brightest pages of all our history. 
It has been the general assumption that the Commonwealth, 
as an expression of gratitude for their services and their 
sacrifices, would erect some suitable memorial which should 
stand as an inspiration and a challenge to the coming gen- 
erations. Various suggestions as to a memorial have been 
made, but no definite action has been taken, aside from the 
monument to be erected in France. In justice the desire 
of the veterans themselves should receive the most impor- 
tant consideration in the development of any plan of me- 
morial. That desire may not have taken concrete form as 
yet, but there has been a widely expressed opinion that our 
most priceless records should be associated with the State 
House itself. I suggest careful consideration of the follow- 
ing plan: that the Commonwealth take the land to the 
west of the present State House, bounded by Beacon, Joy 
and Mount Vernon streets, and on that land erect a me- 
morial building which may provide a beautiful assembly 
hall, where might be gathered relics from all the wars in 
which sons of Massachusetts have fought, provide sufficient 
rooms for the veteran organizations of all the wars, and 
which may also house the Supreme Judicial Court, and 
afford dignified and adequate accommodations for the State 
Library. The new building could be connected with the 
State House by a tunnel, or by a passageway above ground. 
It does not seem necessary to argue that the Commonwealth 
ought to provide a home for its Supreme Court. ‘The pres- 
ent cramped quarters of the State Library do not permit 
the largest service possible. Its more than 400,000 volumes 
of books comprise one of the finest collections in the coun- 
try. Its present quarters are so crowded that it is almost 
impossible to find a vacant chair in the afternoon. It is used 
by State officials, law students, lawyers, citizens in general, 
and by many who come here from other States, finding in 


15 


this library books relating to subjects which cannot be 
obtained elsewhere. To give efficient service and to make 
these books accessible more room is required. 

In pursuance of a wise policy the offices of all depart- 
ments are, so far as possible, within the State House, but 
at present there is not sufficient room for all. There is 
need of the space now occupied by the State Library if re- 
leased. The 1922 tax assessments on the property to the 
west of the State House, previously referred to, totaled 
$555,100. It is increasing in value. Office buildings are 
imminent. To protect the present fine State House struc- 
ture it will be necessary some time to extend the State 
House lot to Joy Street. It is hoped that the special $3 
poll tax which was levied to pay for the $100 gratuity to all 
Massachusetts soldiers and sailors will, upon its collection 
this year, provide sufficient funds to discharge the obliga- 
tion incurred on that account. Our citizens would willingly 
pay such a tax for an additional year if its proceeds were to 
be devoted to a suitable tribute to Massachusetts service 
men. Qn such a basis the memorial building could be 
built and paid for without increasing the State bonded in- 
debtedness. | 

It is my earnest desire to have the Commonwealth con- 
struct a worthy memorial in some form. Objections which 
have not occurred to me may be presented to the plan now 
suggested. A plan of widening a corridor of the State House 
and setting it aside for tablets will be presented to you and 
deserves earnest study. If, however, the plan which I have 
suggested does not meet with your approval, then it will 
still be necessary to provide immediately new quarters for 
the State Library and for the Supreme Judicial Court. In 
that event I recommend that the General Banks statue be 
moved to the foreground of the State House, and that a 
sufficient addition to the State House be constructed on the 
northeast portion of the present State House lot to provide 
suitable quarters for a new State Library and for the Su- 
preme Judicial Court. 


76 


Recorps or Massacuusetts Units In THE Woritp War 


Five years have elapsed since the entrance of our nation 
in the Great War, and more than three since its termina- 
tion. It is now proper to consider the advisability of having 
prepared, in authentic and proper form, the records of those 
units of the army and navy which went out from this Com- 
-monwealth. ‘The perpetuation of such records would be 
an inspiration to those now living and those who may come 
hereafter to sustain that patriotism which Massachusetts 
has ever fostered. I commend to your consideration the 
desirability of causing such records to be made. 


FunpD TO RELIEVE NEEDY In Ou_p AGE 


There are two periods in the life of a human being when 
there is an instinctive desire to give aid to those in need, — 
childhood and old age. The Commonwealth has extended 
its hand to help children in distress. The rapidity of vibra- 
tion of our present social system makes it possible for some 
to know untold comfort and luxury. It has thrown many 
worthy people into the discard as useless in the economic 
struggle. It should be the ambition of all able-bodied men 
and women to acquire a competency for old age, and yet 
we have to recognize the fact that many, without great fault 
on their part, fail to do so. We are doing away with our 
poorhouses. We glory that that is possible. We have 
given aid to the needy in their own homes. We have ex- 
tended help to widows with dependent children. I would 
that I could recommend the immediate adoption of a gen- 
eral system of old-age pensions. I cannot do so, for I re- 
member that Massachusetts is but one of forty-eight States, 
and the burden of taxation to sustain such a system would 
crush our people as they tried to compete for existence with 
those of other States. Nevertheless I believe that the 
sentiment for old-age pensions is increasing in strength, 
and that some of my successors in the not distant future 
will be directly confronted with that problem. If there is 
any reasonable way to anticipate such a problem and solve 
it in advance, then it becomes our duty to do so. I suggest 


7 


that the Governor be given authority to appoint an unpaid 
commission of five to hold office for ten years; that the 
commission be given an appropriation of $100,000 to start a 
fund for old-age pensions, the fund not to be available for 
pensions until ten years from the date of the appointment 
of the commission; that the public be asked to subscribe 
to this fund, and a general interest be stimulated in it; that 
the commission be empowered to investigate the general 
subject, and to make recommendations to the Legislature 
from time to time. Our pride as citizens has been stirred 
frequently by enormous gifts for public purposes, such as 
parks, playgrounds, boulevards and the beautifying of cities. 
If men are willing to leave vast sums of money for such 
worthy purposes, there must be those who would welcome 
the opportunity for leaving funds, assured of their proper 
administration, to be devoted to making more comfortable 
and happy those in old age who have tried with honest 
purpose and have failed. 


CONCLUSION 


In a time of confusion, when so much of the world is 
groping in the dark seeking the avenue for return to restored 
happiness and tranquility, a great responsibility has been 
placed in our hands. Ours is the power to legislate for 
nearly 4,000,000 people. Legislation is the instrument of 
civilization to better the conditions of mankind; to restrain 
the greedy and the vicious; to give equal opportunity for all 
to enjoy life, liberty, property, and the right to work and 
receive just reward; to protect the poor and unfortunate; 
and to encourage men of talent and genius to minister for 
the welfare of humanity. Bloody revolutions have often 
failed to bring as great benefits as some mighty legislative 
enactment. In our honest purpose to exercise the power 
which is ours, let us remember that the laws of nature, the 
economic laws, and human instincts cannot be changed by 
the writing of statutes. Legislation cannot turn dross to 
gold. It cannot make the evil good. There can be no sub- 
stitute for honest toil, for thrift and industry, or for char- 
acter and integrity. The individual must acquire these 


78 


virtues for himself. In our endeavor to strengthen the 
weak we must not break the spirit of the rugged. Let us 
not, therefore, attempt the impossible by legislation. Let 
us gratefully remember that the great mass of our citizens 
are sturdy, strong, God-fearing, home-loving, industrious 
and courageous men and women. ‘Those who believe any 
present difficulties to be insurmountable do not know the 
character of our people, nor are they worthy inheritors of 
the traditions of the preceding generations, who resolutely 
and without flinching met and solved the problems of their 
day. 

With the desire to preserve, not to destroy, with the pur- 
pose to build up, not to tear down, with the endeavor to 
bring understanding out of distrust and fear, let us, in 
devoted service, show that responsibility has been entrusted 
to worthy sons and daughters of old Massachusetts. 


Ce 


ANNUAL ADDRESS 


Delivered in the House of Representatives January 3, 1924 


MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL Court: — In preparation of 
this address I have carefully reviewed the work of the last 
session of the General Court, conferred with the heads of 
departments, and have given earnest consideration to the 
urgent needs of the people of the Commonwealth. Some 
measures, which I personally believed would improve our 
condition, failed of passage at the last session. In renewing 
a request that the recommendations made last year be 
adopted, I invite your sympathetic study of other sugges- 
tions designed to contribute to the general welfare. 


BIENNIAL SESSIONS 


It is my firm conviction that there are no evils crying out 
for legislative solution which could not have awaited an- 
other year, in view of the tremendous expenditure of effort 
and money which are involved in a session of the General 
Court. May I therefore repeat what was said on January 
4, 1923: 


The Legislature of Massachusetts is in session.longer than that of any 
other State in the Union. Most States have only biennial legislative 
sessions, and the length of those sessions is definitely limited by their 
Constitutions. I would not depart from the unique Massachusetts 
system of free right of petition, of the requirement that every petition 
shall be considered by committee with opportunity for public hearing, 
and the additional requirement that such committee must report on all 
matters, with the right of free debate upon them in the general body. 
With the present rules of procedure in the General Court, which in their 
protection of the rights of a minority are admirable, it has seemed im- 
possible to shorten materially the legislative session. There are few 
maiters presented in one year which, after fair consideration and rejec- 
tion, could not, without public injury, await the deliberation of another 


, 80 


General Court. There is already evidence that the people propose to 
invoke the referendum upon measures of widespread general interest, 
which will in any event postpone final ratification of such measures. 
Special legislative sessions can be called whenever a grave emergency 
arises. In the substitution of one legislative session for two, there ought 
to be an additional incentive for care in drafting and enacting legislation, 
and with the realization that the mistakes of one year could not be 
remedied the next, there ought to be a growing tendency to ponder care- 
fully over doubtful experiments. It is fair to assume that a session once 
in two years would diminish the tremendous grist of new statutes, which 
have multiplied to such an extent that many an attorney-at-law has 
difficulty to determine what is prescribed and what proscribed, to say 
nothing of the layman who is constructively held to know the law. There- 
fore I advocate another logical departure from our custom, and as a 
further contribution to the stability of our government of laws, and to 
assure an additional saving in expense, I recommend that provision be 
made for biennial sessions of the General Court. : 


Such a change would require an amendment to the Con- 
stitution, which in turn must be ratified by the people at 
the polls. I submit that it is in the interest of good govern- 
ment to give the people the opportunity of expressing their 
will upon this question. 


STATE FINANCES 


At the time of my first inauguration as Governor in 1921, 
the net direct State debt was $35,128,000. Today the net 
direct State debt is $20,792,000, which shows a reduction 
of $14,336,000 in three years. In the same period the State 
tax has been reduced from $14,000,000 to $12,000,000. 
There is satisfaction in having had a part in this substantial 
lessening of the burdens laid upon our people. The annual 
budget, soon to be presented, will make provision for further 
reduction of the State debt, and it 1s my earnest hope that 
you will agree upon the fundamental desirability of such a 
policy. We are not only establishing the State credit upon 
a sound basis so that some great and unexpected emergency 
might be met, but also we are making enormous savings in 
annual interest charges. 

Creditable though this record may be, we, who have been 
entrusted with the responsibility for the conduct of the pub- . 
lic business, ought never to be satisfied with any achieve- 


Sl 


ment short of the highest attainable. From 1910 to 1923 
the population of Massachusetts increased approximately 
18 per cent; but in the same period, 1910 to 1923, the ex- 
pense of doing the Commonwealth’s business increased 170 
per cent. While part of this increase was due to higher cost 
of labor and material, a considerable portion was due to 
new State activities and undertakings as well as expansion 
of established departments. Should State expenses con- 
tinue to increase at the same average rate as during the last 
thirteen years they would reach $100,000,000 a year by 
1933. It is not always pleasant to hold the purse strings for 
one’s family and be compelled to deny the requests of those 
who are near and dear to us. But we have to keep in mind 
the present and future needs of the whole family and plan 
for their permanent well-being. In State service we are 
apt to develop particular interest in the work of one depart- 
ment. We form friendships with the heads of some de- 
partments, or with some group of employees. Some of us 
are unconsciously made their advocates. We are inclined 
to grant, without questioning, their requests for increased 
compensation or for extended opportunities of. service. 
Disagreeable though the task, may frequently be, we must 
always bear in mind not alone the present but the future 
well-being of the whole State family, which includes all the 
people of Massachusetts. The requests of each department, 
and each official, and every group of employees must be 
weighed in consideration of the entire undertaking of the 
State and the greatest good for the people of the Common- 
wealth as a whole. While Massachusetts should keep 
abreast with modern progress and continue a high standard 
of institutional care, expenses should be rigidly regulated 
and controlled until the State tax is substantially reduced. 


METROPOLITAN District FINANCES 


The Commonwealth is not directly liable for the Metro- 
politan District debts, yet there is an indirect lability, and 
there is direct responsibility for fixing a sound financial 
policy. The Metropolitan District Debt has been reduced 
$5,000,000 in the past three years. While this represents 


82 


desirable progress, I feel strongly that a larger proportion of 
outlays for Metropolitan improvements should be paid as 
they are made. ‘The burden which the people of the District 
are carrying may not be excessive in view of the great ad- 
vantages which they have enjoyed, but there will be a fairly 
steady demand for new boulevards and extensions of serv- 
ice, the payment of which should not be postponed. If it 
becomes necessary to enlarge the Metropolitan Water supply 
materially, a.tremendous expenditure will be required, and 
the financial condition of the District must be sufficiently 
strong to meet such a contingency. 


MunicrpaL LOANS AND BUDGETS 


The principle of pay-as-you-go has too long been dis- 
regarded in municipal affairs. The debt of our municipali- 
ties has increased from $188,000,000 on January 1, 1920, to 
approximately $214,000,000 on January 1, 1923 — the 
latest date for which complete figures are available — the 
increase amounting to $26,000,000, For a number of years 
there has been a debt limit for municipalities. Special per- 
mission has been sought to exceed this limit and in many 
cases granted with a degree of liberality that might well be 
questioned. Due to these special exemptions 26 of our 39 
cities have today outstanding indebtedness in excess of the 
limit fixed by general law. A too general feeling has pre- 
vailed that because a municipality has asked for a special 
borrowing statute, it must need it, without asking, before 
granting the request, a larger expression of approval from 
the people themselves. It is found, however, that in many 
of our smaller towns the total amount which may he bor- 
rowed is less than the amount required to construct a single 
schcolhouse. The building program of our municipalities 
was almost entirely stopped during the war and the con- 
tinued high costs have caused a postponement of needed 
construction. In view of the extraordinary existing condi- 
tions I invite your earnest consideration of whether there 
should be a changed debt limit. In any event I firmly be- 
lieve that frequent exemptions from General Laws are wrong 
in principle. 


83 


We in Massachusetts demand a great deal of service at 
public expense. Luxuries of yesterday seem.to be necessities 
today, but there is no justification in placing on posterity a 
debt burden which we ought to bear ourselves. Annually 
recurring costs of every nature should be a part of the annual 
budget and raised by taxation. No debt should be incurred 
for that kind of improvement for which there is a steady 
demand. If during the present session, in passing on re- 
quests for special privileges to borrow outside the present 
debt limit, a policy be followed of requiring that a portion 
of the proposed improvement be financed directly from 
revenue, a service of real benefit will be rendered to our 
municipalities. 

Inasmuch as our municipalities are spending about 
$180,000,000 a year purely for their local needs, it is clearly 
seen that the greatest tax burden in Massachusetts is local. 
Last year I recommended that the right of referendum in 
case of loans and special expenditures be generally extended 
so that the citizens themselves might have the power to aid 
in keeping down municipal debt and taxes. Citizens cannot 
vote intelligently unless they have some means of know- 
ing what their municipal income is and what they have 
to spend. Many communities have already adopted the 
budget system and certain communities have finance com- 
mittees. But finance committees do not always establish 
budgets, and many communities are absolutely in the dark 
as to how their money is being expended and whether they 
are living extravagantly or not. After the refreshing experi- 
ence of the Commonwealth under the budget system, I 
recommend that all cities and towns be obliged to have a 
budget so that the people may know the purposes for which 
their money is being spent. 


EDUCATION 


It is encouraging to note the continued deep and wide- 
spread interest in the fundamental enterprise of education. 
This. interest is especially made apparent by generous 
appropriations for the public schools, by the rapidly in- 
creasing enrollment of pupils, and by the vigorous advance- 


84. 


ment of school building programs. The professional stand- 
ing of the teaching force of the Commonwealth is high. It 
has been, and it must continue to be, a part of wise public 
policy to insure the highest possible standards of teaching 
for all children. Whatever else be added, it is clear that the 
excellence of a school, or a school system, is determined 
chiefly by the quality of its teaching force. 

The year 1839 marked the establishment in Massachu- 
setts of the first institution to be maintained at public ex- 
pense for the training of teachers. The record of educational 
legislation in this Commonwealth gives testimony to the 
care our people have given to the development of teaching 
as a profession and to their solicitude for the welfare of 
teachers. There has been a constant increase, therefore, in 
the proportion of trained teachers. In 1923, out of a total 
of 21,900 public school teachers, 16,669 were graduates of 
normal schools and colleges; 3,744 others had received at 
least one year of education beyond high school. 

An analysis of the distribution of untrained teachers 
among the schools reveals a condition that may well com- 
mand attention. In cities and towns of over 5,000 popu- 
lation, the per cent of untrained teachers is 4.8. In towns 
under 5,000 population, the per cent of untrained teachers 
is 20.3. 

Not only does it appear that the small towns suffer the 
disadvantage of having more than their share of untrained 
teachers, but they are suffermg another, and perhaps more 
serious, handicap in a frequent change of teachers. The 
annual per cent of change in the cities and larger towns is 
approximately 13 per cent, while in the smaller towns it is 
approximately 48 per cent. This extreme frequency of 
change must be regarded as a serious disadvantage to chil- 
dren attending school in the small towns and villages. _ 

Aiter many years of progress, it appears that the Com- 
monwealth is in sight of the goal of having a trained teacher 
in every school, rural as well as city. I urge your study for 
a solution of the problem facing those communities that 
need for their children the advantages of greater permanence 
in a teaching force. 


85 


AGRICULTURE 


The foundation of our State as well as our national pros- 
perity depends upon the farmer. It is a proper function of 
the State to assist the business of farming in every possible 
way. It is also a good investment. A prosperous agri- 
culture means not only cheaper and more abundant food, 
but also a greater buying power in the country to purchase 
our manufactured products. 

The past year has witnessed a further improvement in the 
lot of Massachusetts farmers. Their co-operative efforts 
in buying and selling farm commodities which had slow 
beginnings have now reached larger proportions. Co-oper- 
ative packing houses, milk plants, and the like, are not 
infrequently found in the Commonwealth. At the last 
session of the General Court legislation was adopted to 
encourage the organization of such undertakings. The 
development of these co-operative enterprises has encour- 
aged farmers to adopt standard grades and packages for 
their products. This practice has invariably been rewarded 
by increased returns and widened distribution. Massa- 
chusetts apples, for example, graded and packed according 
to our apple grading law, now find ready sales throughout 
eastern and central consuming centers as well as in English 
markets. Standard graded products reduce costs as they 
pass through the channels of trade. Expensive transporta- 
tion charges on undesirable goods that have to be sorted 
and resorted by expensive labor in costly rented city busi- 
ness buildings are decreased. Potatoes, apples, and vegeta- 
bles classified by grades, can be placed immediately where 
they are most desired. 

In order to extend still further the opportunity to reap 
the advantages of doing business on standard grades in 
standard packages, I recommend that the Department of 
Agriculture be given the necessary facilities to expedite its 
investigations of what further grades and packages will be 
best in commercial use. 

The cost of food in Massachusetts is such an important 
factor in its industrial prosperity that the whole question 


86 


is worthy of special study. JI recommend, therefore, that 
the Governor be authorized to appoint a special unpaid 
commission which shall study the nature of the present food 
supply, the sources from which it is derived, the method 
and cost of transportation and distribution, the factors 
affecting wholesale and retail prices and the amount of 
spread between them, the percentages of the food supply 
of the Commonwealth which are produced in Massachu- 
setts and New England, the possibilities and proper methods 
of increasing these percentages, and any related matters. 
The commission should report to the next General Court 
with recommendations for legislation, if any. 


DEFECTIVE DELINQUENTS 


The new Division for Defective Delinquents established 
at the Bridgewater State Farm has now been in operation 
for more than a year, and is successfully caring for more 
than 106 males over seventeen years of age who have been 
committed as defective delinquents because they are of 
inferior mentality and have a criminal record, or have such 
vicious and lawless habits as to make them unsuitable for 
care in the schools for the feeble-minded. The majority 
have been committed directly from the community by the 
courts. They are of the reckless, habitual criminal class, 
and although irresponsible can only be controlled under the 
safeguards and firm discipline of a close institution. Thirty- 
seven with a history of violence, incorrigibility and repeated 
escapes were committed directly from the schools for the 
feeble-minded. Their influence upon the highly suggestible 
feeble-minded patients was demoralizing. Their removal 
from the schools immediately ended the turbulence and 
defiance for which they were responsible. 

The schools for the feeble-minded have not been relieved 
of a small but very troublesome group of defective delin- 
quent boys under the age of seventeen, who are technically 
feeble-minded but who are shrewd enough to plan and 
carry out repeated acts of violence to persons, destruction 
of property and continual defiance and_ incorrigibility. 
These boys have a bad influence on the other patients and 


87 


are entirely unsuitable for the schools for the feeble-minded. 
There is also a great need of provision for the male defective 
delinquents under the age of seventeen who frequently are 
brought before the juvenile courts for similar offenses. 

The female defective delinquents have not yet been pro- 
vided for in any way as intended by the law of 1911. They 
are entirely out of place in the schools for feeble-minded 
with ordinary placid defective. They are often violent and 
destructive and need a kind of housing and firm discipline 
which cannot be given in a school for the feeble-minded. 
Some are criminals and prostitutes, differing in no way from 
those committed to penal institutions. Many women of 
this type are seen in the courts; they are not fit for the 
community; they do not belong in prison and they do not 
belong in the feeble-minded schools. They are promiscuous 
sexually and their many children usually are public charges 
from birth. Long-continued custody ina special department 
or institution for defective delinquents should be provided 
for this class. 

I urge that institutional provisions be made for the care. 
of the female defective delinquents, and the male defective 
delinquents under the age of seventeen. 


Tort Norro.uk STATE HOSPITAL 


The Norfolk State Hospital, now under lease to the 
United States Veterans Bureau, will be returned to the 
Commonwealth June 30, 1924. The Department of Mental 
Diseases cannot use the Norfolk State Hospital to meet any 
need of the classes under its control. In order that this in- 
stitutional plant may not remain idle, I recommend that 
authority be given the Governor, with the approval of the 
Council, by sale or transfer, to make such disposition or use 
of this property as may be determined desirable. 


CHILD TUBERCULOSIS PROGRAM 


In the last annual message attention was called to the 
extremely gratifying progress of the past few years in con- 
trolling tuberculosis. I strongly recommend that sufficient 
resources be made available to the Department of Health 


88 


so that it may inaugurate a ten-year program designed to 
reach all children of the earlier school grades in the Com- 
monwealth, and determine those who are in need of special 
hygienic supervision and those who already show such a 
degree of tuberculosis involvement that they need special 
institutional care. With such data at hand it will be rela- 
tively easy to enlist the co-operation of the communities 
and local governments in providing suitable care for every 
child who needs it. The vast majority of cases of tubercu- 
losis infection, which later come to be recognized as serious 
eases of consumption in adults, occurs relatively early in 
childhood. During the childhood period the disease is of 
quite a different type than found in the adult, requiring 
special training for its recognition, and once recognized ° 
in the childhood form of tuberculosis, it is amenable to 
hygienic and medical care to a far greater degree than is the 
adult type of the disease. Furthermore, but a relatively 
small proportion of children need the sanatorium or hospital 
residence so essential in cases of adult tuberculosis. This 
program may be safely inaugurated regardless of what final 
policy be adopted for the financing and control of tubercu- 
losis institutions. Such a program promises to go far in 
solving the tuberculosis problem right at the begining, and 
makes it possible to restore children to normal health by 
relatively simple supervisory measures which can be carried 
out with the co-operation of the family physician, the school 
nurse and physician, and the parents, without taking the 
child from the home. Its adoption is urged as a matter of 
public health and as a matter of sound public economy. 


REVENUE FoR HIGHWAYS 


In 1922 there was a total registration of 461,513 automo- 
biles, commercial vehicles and motor cycles. The record 
for 1923 shows an increase of more than 100,000 registra- 
tions. There is no way of accurately estimating the large 
increase in visiting motor vehicles. Although the resulting 
increase in receipts from fees for licenses and registrations 
has enabled the Division of Public Works to make a sub- 
stantial increase in its highway program for 1923 as com- 


89 


pared with 1922, nevertheless it has not kept pace with the 
growing use of the highways. 

The rapid growth of commercial vehicles deserves serious 
consideration, as this traffic calls for the construction of the 
heaviest and most expensive type of roads and bridges. 
Experience with the old water-bound macadam roads of 
the State last spring demonstrated their inability to carry 
truck traffic while the frost was coming out, and made it 
necessary to impose drastic limitations on the weight of 
loads to prevent the complete destruction of many miles 
of these roads. There are at present over 600 miles of such 
roads that should be rebuilt to save excessive maintenance 
costs and meet the requirements of our growing traffic. A 
substantial increase of funds is necessary to do this within 
a reasonable period of time and maintain an adequate policy 
of new construction. | 

The Legislature at its last session undertook to meet this 
situation by the passage of an act imposing a tax of 2 cents 
per gallon upon gasoline sold in the State for the use of 
motor vehicles, 50 per cent to be expended upon highways 
by the State, and 50 per cent by the cities and towns in pro- 
portion to their payment of the State tax. But by invok- 
ing the referendum the acceptance of this act will be brought 
before the voters at the next annual election, and the re- 
ceipt of any revenue from this source is precluded before 
the year 1925. 

The necessities of the situation are too pressing to admit 
of such delay, and therefore I suggest as a partial measure 
of relief that the Division of Highways be given the au- 
thority now possessed by the Registrar of Motor Vehicles, 
under section 2 of chapter 90 of the General Laws, to de- 
termine the horse power and carrying capacity of motor 
vehicles, as these are the basis of the present fees and should 
be fixed by the Commissioners who are intimately acquainted 
with the relation of these factors to the use of the highways 
by motor vehicles. It is generally admitted by motor ve- 
hicle authorities that if our present method of determining 
horse power and carrying capacity were revised to meet 
changes in construction, it would produce a substantial 
increase in revenue. 


90 


FIRE PREVENTION 


The fire losses in the Commonwealth continue to increase. 
Attention is invited to these comparative figures: 


1918. 1922. oe 
Number of fires : f : ‘ A ‘ 8 6,814 8,119 19 
Fire loss. : : 3 : f : 3 : $11,988,685 $14,745,779 23 
Population of Massachusetts . : j ( E 3,693,310 3,852,356 4 
Tax value of property in Massachusetts ; . | $5,436,204,684 $6,269,445 ,943 15 


It is thus seen that the number of fires and the amount 
of fire loss are increasing more rapidly than the State pop- 
ulation or the taxable property in the State. During 1922, 
for every 119 families of four persons each there was one fire. 
For every $14,000 invested in new buildings there was a 
$1,000 loss by fire. The fire loss in 1922 would be equiva- 
lent to wiping out all the taxable property including lands 
and buildings of the towns of Wellfleet, Warren and Stone- ~ 
ham, or wiping out all the taxable property of the city of 
Newburyport. The reports to the Department of Public 
Safety show that 95 per cent of all fires could have been 
avoided, most of them being due to carelessness. In addi- 
tion to property loss there is an annual record of injury to 
persons and loss of life through fires. 

It must be possible to check the annual destruction of 
wealth created by the labor of our people. I recommend 
that the Governor be given authority to appoint an unpaid 
commission to study the question of fire losses, and if possi- 
ble to recommend measures which may reduce this annual 
waste, and which may as a consequence bring a reduction 
in fire insurance rates. 

I also recommend an immediate change of policy which 
will permit the local organization of reciprocal insurance 
associations, under proper safeguards, and to admit for the 
transaction of business within this Commonwealth such 
reciprocal insurance associations from other States as can 
comply with proper Massachusetts standards. I make this 


91 


recommendation because of the successful experience of 
other States with this form of insurance carrier, and be- 
cause of the incentive. under this method to eliminate need- 
less loss and to reduce the cost of insurance to the minimum. 


Forest FIRES 


During the year 1923 there were 2,419 forest fires that 
burned over 49,390 acres, destroyed 46 buildings, and caused 
a total damage of $154,612. I call your attention to the need 
of protecting further one of our greatest natural resources 
from annual fire loss. j 


RELIEF FOR Wipows or Worup WaR VETERANS 


At present, under chapter 115 of the General Laws, the 
widow of a World War soldier is not eligible to receive 
State aid unless she can prove that her husband died of 
disease contracted in the service, which is frequently diffi- 
cult to do. This requirement does not now apply in the 
cases of widows of Civil and Spanish War veterans. Re- 
moval of such a condition of eligibility to receive State aid 
would relieve in some degree the financial burden that has 
to be met by cities and towns in the payment of Soldiers’ 
Relief for the care of widows and minor children of World 
War veterans, and in fairness to the veterans of the World 
War, remedial legislation should be enacted. 


CONVENTION OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC 
The Grand Army of the Republic will hold its 59th 


annual encampment at Boston next August. At the time 
of the last such encampment here the State appropriated 
$25,000 to help defray its expenses. It is unlikely that the 
survivors of the Civil War residing in all parts of the coun- 
try will be able to visit us again, and I[ am sure it is in the 
hearts of all our people to do everything possible to make 
them welcome and to contribute to their comfort and enter- 
tainment. I therefore recommend an appropriation of 
$25,000 to be used for such purpose. 


92 


OnE. HunNpDRED AND FirrietH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 
REVOLUTION 


Our country is approaching the one hundred and fiftieth 
anniversary of the American Revolution, and action has 
already been taken by some states and communities to 
commemorate the birth of our great Republic. Massa- 
chusetts will undoubtedly celebrate the very important 
events that took place within her borders. That it may be 
done most effectively I suggest the creation of a commis- 
sion which may report a comprehensive plan, giving full 
scope to local initiative and energy, supplying guidance and 
co-ordination of effort, and including State participation in 
the commemoration of the most important events. 


PORTRAITS AND RELICS 


The Commonwealth is fortunate in the possession of 
many fine portraits and priceless relics. Some of these are 
in the Executive Chamber, some in the Senate reading and 
reception rooms, while others are in different places about 
the building. From time to time it has become necessary 
to clean or treat the portraits and to rearrange the relics. 
It is doubtful if any one has authority to act in such cases, 
although they have been usually referred to the Governor 
for decision. It is clear that the responsibility for proper 
care of these valuable portraits and memorials be definitely 
fixed. I therefore recommend legislation giving their cus- 
tody to a commission composed of the Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor, the Chairman of the Art Commission and a member of 
the Executive Council, or some other group of officials. 


COMPENSATION FoR District Court JUDGES PRESIDING 
IN JURY SESSIONS 


Chapter 469 of the Acts of 1923, entitled “An Act to 
provide for the more prompt disposition of criminal cases 
in the Superior Court,’’ has been in effective operation for 
several months with satisfactory results. No provision, 
however, is made for the salaries of the judges called under 
the act other than their compensation as district judges 


93 


sitting in their own courts. This is manifestly a situation 
that will not only affect the judges called, but the efficiency 
of the legislation itself unless adequate compensation be at 
once provided. 


SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS 


The reports of several important commissions will soon 
be presented. Notable among them are the reports of the 
Commission to recommend a new site for a State prison, 
the Commission on Higher Education, the Commission on 
Jury Service, and the Commission on Criminal Law. Some 
of our ablest citizens have joined with your own member- 
ship in studying the subjects referred to them, and I urge 
the most serious consideration of the results of their delib- 
erations. ‘These reports have not been available for use in 
preparing this message, and I shall reserve discussion of the 
subjects involved for special messages, if advisable.. The 
Committee on Water Supply was authorized to sit through 
the recess to study the need of increasing the sources of 
water supply, and the Governor was given authority to select 
an engineer to advise the committee. It was deemed un- 
wise to select such engineer, as no sufficient appropriation 
was made. 


War MEMORIAL 


Massachusetts, first of all the states, gave a gratuity to 
the men and women of this Commonwealth who served in 
the World War. For this purpose more than $20,000,000 — 
has already been paid. To meet the expense of this under- 
taking a special poll tax was levied. From the funds so 
collected, after all adjustments are made, it is now apparent 
that there will be an excess of $2,000,000. Last year I 
urged that Massachusetts erect a suitable memorial to 
stand as an expression of the enduring gratitude of her peo- 
ple to those of her own who had made such glorious response 
to the call of country in all wars. It is still my opinion 
that Massachusetts ought to erect such a memorial. In 
any memorial plan it must be recognized that the desires of 
the veterans themselves should have first consideration. I 
hope. that there may be general agreement as to form and 


94 


location, and that a worthy memorial may be started at 
once. It seems justifiable that the $2,000,000 excess col- 
lected from poll taxes be made available for such use, since 
it so nearly corresponds with the spirit of the purpose for 
which the special tax was levied. Otherwise, however many 
laudable uses of such excess may be proposed, it is clear 
that the cities and towns are entitled to the return of this 
fund in the proportion in which their inhabitants paid the tax. 


CONCLUSION 


Senators and Representatives: — In this, my last annual 
message to the General Court of the Commonwealth, I 
come to its conclusion with profound gratitude for the op- 
portunity of service presented in the years of my adminis- 
tration, and more impressed than ever with the glory of 
Massachusetts and what she has given to America from the 
beginning until this day and hour, and what she may give 
in the years that are yet to be. Other States and Common- 
wealths have made large contributions to the Nation’s prog- 
ress and have worthily achieved, but none have excelled 
Massachusetts. Here at Plymouth came the pioneers of 
_ the Republic, God-fearing men of courage and vision. 
Within the borders of Massachusetts the resolve for inde- 
pendence received its mighty impulse. Lexington and 
Concord and Bunker Hill have been made sacred with the 
blood of Massachusetts men who fought the first battles of 
the Revolution. Samuel Adams and John Hancock, with 
other Massachusetts patriots, helped to guide the footsteps 
of the new Republic along the pathway of sure progress, 
when a mistaken course would have meant ruin and dis- 
aster. Our own Webster led in arousing a national senti- 
ment, and later the men of Massachusetts valiantly and suc- 
cessfully fought for the preservation of the Union. In the 
days of reconstruction which followed the Civil War, in the 
later period of tremendous commercial and industrial devel- 
opment, and on through the greatest war of history, Massa- 
chusetts has nobly borne her part in the upbuilding of the 
Nation, in its councils, and upon its fields of battle. Our 
people, always self-reliant, have taken the raw products of 


95 


the world and fabricated them for the uses of advancing 
civilization, and have asked no favor or advantage, but only 
a fair field in which to labor. Nowhere in the world is the 
welfare of workers better conserved than here in Massachu- 
setts. Nowhere are the institutions of liberty more cher- 
ished, and nowhere is equality of opportunity more secure. 

When I contemplate these achievements, I am filled with 
admiration and love for the Commonwealth of Common- 
wealths — Massachusetts. May the privilege to serve her 
with integrity and honor and ability be the precious heritage 
of the sons and daughters of Massachusetts until the end of 
time. 


Haat ay ek 


yen, 


MESSAGES TO THE GENERAL COURT 


ha 
Ca ee 
Tae a 


RELATIVE TO PARDONS 


Executive DEPARTMENT, Boston, January 5, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In accordance with the provisions of section 152, chapter 
127, of the General Laws, I transmit herewith a list of the 
pardons granted by me, with the advice and consent of the 
Council, during the year 1920. 

Of the nine pardons granted six were in the State Prison, 
two in houses of correction, and one was pardoned who was 
not confined but had succeeded in re-establishing himself in 
the community where he lived. 


CALVIN COOLIDGE. 


For description of pardons see Senate, No. 2, 1921. 


100 


SUBMITTING BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS 


ExeEcuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, January 25, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, I 
submit herewith budget recommendations for the current 
fiscal year. In so doing I am obliged to direct your attention 
to a most serious condition. The total departmental re- 
quests have been reduced by more than $12,000,000, and 
yet the budget shows probably required expenditures of 
$40,796,663.16, which is $17,000,000 more than the esti- 
mated available receipts. | 

I have reviewed the detailed recommendations for ex- 
penditures in this budget, as made by the Supervisor of 
Administration. So many of the budget requirements are 
based upon existing laws that in most instances further 
material reduction on my part would operate to destroy the 
purposes for which the laws were passed. It is necessary to 
repeal existing law or to restrict the activities now prescribed 
in the statutes in order to reduce the amount to be raised 
by taxation, or even to hold the State tax at last year’s figure. 
I have felt myself bound by existing law, but I urge upon 
you the necessity of repeal or revision of existing laws which 
have committed the Commonwealth to great expenditure. 

The condition of the treasury, as disclosed by the reports 
of the fiscal officers of the Commonwealth at the close of 
business for the fiscal year 1920, is far less favorable than in 
previous years. It is far from satisfactory. Certain items 
of 1920 revenue fell below the receipts for the preceding year, 
notably the inheritance tax, which in 1920 was over one-half 
million dollars less than in 1919. ‘The extra session of the 
1920 Legislature appropriated substantially $500,000 for de- 
ficiency items in that year’s business, and appropriated 
money for payment of the expenses of that session, although 
no revenue was provided to meet such expense. We start. 


101 


the year with a cash deficit of $6,256.84, but this cash deficit 
does not begin to represent the actual deplorable condition. 
The institutions were not given sufficient money last year 
with which to purchase a full twelve months’ supply of coal. 
They are, as a matter of fact, 21,000 tons short on a basis 
of twelve months’ coal consumption. It is therefore ap- 
parent that we begin the fiscal year 1921 not alone with an 
actual cash deficit, but also left with the obligation of raising 
$175,474.20 for expenses of the extra session of the previous 
General Court, and for printing the newly revised General 
Laws; also obliged to make good the deficit of about 
$210,000 for the purchase of 21,000 additional tons of coal, 
and also face to face with the fact that during 1920 salaries 
and wages were increased by about $1,300,000, while only 
half of that amount was actually appropriated in 1920. In 
other words, the real deficit is considerably more than 
- $1,000,000. We are also confronted with the duty of raising 
several hundred thousand dollars additional in 1921 for 
reimbursing cities and towns made necessary by the pro- 
visions of sundry laws for aiding in education and in the 
support of charities. With respect to this statement it may 
be interesting to note that since 1912 new legislation has 
been enacted which will cost in 1921 more than $4,300,000. 


StaTE DEBT 


6 


I am adhering strictly to the “pay-as-you-go” policy in 
my recommendations for financing this budget. The State 
net direct debt on December 1, 1920, was $35,128,239.62. 
There is necessarily included in this year’s budget the sum of 
$1,785,378.75 for reducing the debt. Special taxes have 
been provided by law for meeting the indebtedness incurred 
under the Soldiers’ Bonus Act. These collections for the 
present fiscal year will undoubtedly reduce by at least 
$3,000,000 the present outstanding indebtedness of $7,- 
000,000 on that account. The securities in the sinking 
funds, which now amount to $22,419,354.13, should in the 
present year produce an income of over $1,000,000, which 
should be added to the accumulations already made. If the 
General Court will follow this plan of finance and refrain from 


102 


further borrowing, at the end of the present year the State 
net direct debt would be reduced to about $29,000,000, thus 
reaching the lowest figure since 1914. 


REVENUE 


The estimated ordinary revenue, with certain cash bal- 
ances from borrowed funds not required for the purposes for 
which the money was borrowed, and which can be utilized 
In appropriations for meeting serial bonds maturing this 
year, 1s about $17,000,000 less than the budget recom- 
mendations. 

I therefore recommend that a State tax not exceeding 
$15,000,000 be levied upon the cities and towns, and that 
$2,000,000 be raised from special taxes, upon business corpo- 
rations substantially in accordance with the act passed last — 
year. Ialso recommend that the General Court consider the 
possibility of increasing the ordinary revenues of the Com- 
monwealth by new legislation, and particularly the possi- 
bility of levying additional fees for certain services which the 
Commonwealth is obliged to render, and thus put these serv- 
ices which are of benefit to individuals and corporations upon 
a self-supporting basis. 


MiOLITIA 


In connection with the reorganized militia some modifica- 
tions of the militia law may appear desirable, and I recom- 
mend that a study be made of such changes in State allot- 
ments as may be fair with regard to money which is received 
from the Federal allotments under the proposed plan. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For detail of budget recommendations see House, No. 1000, 1921. 
For legislation see Acts of 1921, chapter 203. 


103 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL 
ENABLING THE FIRST CHURCH IN BOSTON 
TO CONVEY PROPERTY TO ITS TRUSTEES 


ExecuTiIvE DreparTMENT, Boston, February 21, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution I am returning herewith House Bill, No. 
1120, ‘‘An Act to enable the First Church in Boston to con- 
vey its Property to Trustees,’ with the recommendation that 
the bill be amended as follows: by striking out section 1 and 
inserting in place thereof the following: 


Section 1. The First Church in Boston, a corporation created by 
chapter one hundred and twenty-two of the acts passed at the January 
sitting of the year eighteen hundred and twenty-nine, is hereby author- 
ized and empowered to convey all its property, real and personal, in- 
cluding its land and church building on the corner of Berkeley and 
Marlborough streets in the city of Boston, and all the pews in said church 
building owned by it, to trustees for the same purposes and upon the 
same trusts for which said property was held and administered by said 
First Church in Boston. 


The amendment above recommended is merely a perfect- 
ing amendment as to form and does not affect the constitu- 
tionality of the act itself, which is seriously questioned. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


104 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL 
AUTHORIZING THE WORCESTER TUBERCULO- 
SIS RELIEF SOCIETY TO TRANSFER ITS PROP- 
ERTY TO THE WORCESTER SOCIETY FOR 
DISTRICT NURSING 


ExrcuTIvE DrepartTMENtT, Boston, February 21, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1123, ‘“‘An Act to authorize the Worcester Tuberculosis Re- 
lief Association to transfer its Property to the Worcester 
Society for District Nursing,’ with the recommendation 
that the bill be amended as follows: by striking out section 
1 and inserting in place thereof the following: 


Section 1. The Worcester Tuberculosis Relief Association, a cor- 
poration organized under the laws of Massachusetts, for certain chari- 
table purposes, may transfer and convey all the property held by it to 
the Worcester Society for District Nursing, a corporation organized 
under the laws of Massachusetts for certain charitable purposes, and 
said Worcester Society for District Nursing may receive said property 
and shall hold and administer it for the same purposes and upon the 
same trusts for which said property was held and administered by said 
Worcester Tuberculosis Relief Association. 


The amendment above recommended is merely a perfect- 
ing amendment as to form and does not affect the constitu- 
tionality of the act itself, which is seriously questioned. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


105 


VETOING A BILL RELATIVE TO THE SALE OF ICE 
AT RETAIL 


Executive DrEparTMENT, Boston, April 4, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In accordance with the authority conferred by the Con- 
stitution of the Commonwealth, a bill entitled “An Act — 
relative to the Sale of Ice at Retail,’ which is House, No. 
1370, is herewith returned without approval. 

Whatever the purpose, this bill in effect would permit the 
evasion of the present law requiring cash sales of ice in small 
quantities to the people of the Commonwealth. ‘The con- 
sumers have not petitioned for this legislation. The enforce- 
ment of the provisions of the present law has been beneficial 
to them. 

It is urged that dealers in ice need protection against 
dishonest drivers. The statutes now provide punishment for 
the dishonesty of employees. It would be better to amend 
these statutes if necessary rather than to enact the present 
bill which may result in hardship to large numbers of our 
people. 

CHANNING H. COX. 


106 


VETOING A BILL RELATIVE TO THE CONSTRUC- 
TION, ALTERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF 
BUILDINGS IN THE CITY OF BOSTON 


EXEcuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, April 6, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In accordance with the authority conferred by the Con- 
stitution of the Commonwealth, a bill ‘“‘Relative to the 
Construction, Alteration and Maintenance of Buildings in 
the City of Boston,’ which is Senate, No. 354, is herewith 
returned without approval. 

The bill would permit the use of thinner structural 
material than is now allowed in Boston buildings. It would 
also lessen the discretionary powers of the Building Com- 
missioner to require protection of such material from the 
effects of fire. It would allow unprotected structural 
steel in second and third class buildings, which construc- 
tion, it is claimed, is inferior to wood and which collapses. 
under heat quicker than substantial wood-work. Its use . 
in such construction would increase the fire hazard and the 
danger to all occupants and firemen in case of fire. The 
State Fire Marshal does not approve the bill. The Build- 
ing Commissioner and the Fire Commissioner of Boston 
have strongly urged its rejection. A copy of a letter from 
the Fire Commissioner of Boston is hereto attached. 

It is true that the type of construction permitted by the 
bill is approved by some reputable engineers but in view of . 
the serious objections of the officials sworn to protect the 
public and who have shown zeal in the performance of 
their duties and who have knowledge of the subject gained 
from practical experience, I cannot believe it wise to take 
any chance of lessening the protection of the people of 
Boston against structural or fire hazard. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For letter of Fire Commissioner of Boston see House, No. 1505, 1921. 


107 


RELATIVE TO GRANTING JURISDICTION TO THE 
UNITED STATES OF CERTAIN LAND KNOWN AS 
CAMP DEVENS 


Executive Department, Boston, 2d May, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The Secretary of War has requested that the Common- 
wealth cede to the United States jurisdiction over a certain 
tract of land situate in Middlesex and Worcester counties. 
The fee simple title to practically all of the land in question 
is now vested in the United States, and is occupied as a 
military reservation known as “Camp Devens.” Federal 
statutes provide that no public money shall be expended 
for construction upon such land until the consent of the 
legislature in the state of its location has been given to the 
purchase. It is suggested that it may become expedient in 
the near future to undertake repairs or other construction 
work at Camp Devens, and I therefore recommend that 
the Commonwealth give consent to the acquisition by the 
United States by purchase or condemnation of the tract 
of land commonly known as “‘Camp Devens,” a more par- 
ticular description and plan of which is on file in the office 
of the Secretary of the Commonwealth. I recommend 
further that jurisdiction over the said land be granted upon 
the expressed condition that the Commonwealth of Massa- 
chusetts retain concurrent jurisdiction with the United 
States for the service of civil and criminal process, and that 
the exclusive jurisdiction shall revert to the Commonwealth 
whenever the area so acquired shall cease to be used for 
purposes of national defense. 

A bill to accomplish the above purposes is enclosed for 
your consideration. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For bill see House, No. 1599, 1921. 
For legislation see Acts of 1921, chapter 456. 


108 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
RELATIVE TO THE REGISTRATION OF EM- 
BALMERS 


ExercuTIvE DreparTMENT, Boston, May 11, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith Senate Bill 
No. 359, an act “Relative to the Registration of Em- 
balmers,”’ with the recommendation that the bill be 
amended as follows:—by striking out the words “the 
receipt by the applicant of a notice from the board that 
his registration has expired, and’’, and inserting in place 
thereof the words: — said date. 

The law provides that an applicant for registration as an 
embalmer may, if found qualified, be registered and receive 
a certificate thereof and that every registered embalmer 
shall annually pay a fee for the renewal of his registration 
upon a specified date. 

It is a privilege granted by the Commonwealth and 
every person so registered should be sufficiently interested 
to secure a renewal on the date required. 

It may be reasonable for the Legislature to provide that 
such persons shall have a period of ten days after the date 
specified to procure such renewal but in my judgment it is 
not reasonable to provide that every such person shall have 
ten days after the receipt of a notice from the Board that 
his registration has expired. To compel our boards of 
registration not only to send notices to holders of privileges 
but also to prove that such notices have been received 
would establish a precedent which might work to the great 
injury of the public. 

CHANNING H. COX. 


109 


SUBMITTING SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET RECOM- 
MENDATIONS 


ExrcutivE DreparTMENT, Boston, May 16, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In conformity with the provisions of the Constitution, 
which provides that “the Governor may at any time 
recommend to the general court supplementary budgets,” 
I herewith submit supplementary budget recommendations 
amounting to $989,384.75, exclusive of the metropolitan 
districts. 

The sums recommended at this time include amounts 
made necessary by new legislation, and make allowance for 
pending legislation as well as for certain needed improve- 
ments and matters not already provided for, and are those 
suggested by the Supervisor of Administration after a 
review of the several propositions. 


REVENUE 


To provide for appropriations already made, and to 
cover the items contained in this budget, a State tax of 
$14,000,000 will be required in addition to the ordinary 
revenues of the Commonwealth, and in addition to the 
special taxes suggested in my budget recommendations 
under date of January 25, 1921. 


METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS 


The passage of the Winthrop Shore Boulevard, so called, 
will require an additional appropriation for the Metro- 
politan Parks Maintenance Fund, which is covered in the 
recommendations of the Supervisor of Administration. 


110 


ApuLt IMMIGRATION EDUCATION 


I endorse the recommendations of the Commissioner of 
Education that the law providing reimbursement for cities 
and towns for maintaining these classes be amended so 
that it will not be necessary for the State to reimburse 
cities and towns on the basis of operation and upkeep of 
the plant. 

CHANNING H. COX. 


For detail of budget recommendations see House, No. 1660, 1921. 
For legislation see Acts of 1921, chapter 502. 


111 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL 
RATIFYING AND VALIDATING CERTAIN ACTS 
OF THE TOWN OF METHUEN 


Executive Department, Boston, May 19, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill 
No. 1535, entitled, “An Act ratifying and validating 
- Certain Acts of the Town of Methuen,” with the recom- 
mendation that the bill be amended by adding the 
following new section: “Nothing in this statute shall be 
construed to apply to any act done, election held or vote 
passed which the General Court cannot constitutionally 
ratify, confirm and make valid.” 

The legislation attempts in general terms to ratify cer- 
tain acts, elections and votes and it is not possible to 
determine whether therein may be included certain acts, 
elections and votes which may be beyond the constitutional 
power of the Legislature to ratify or confirm. If there 
should be included such matters it is evidently the in- 
tention of the Legislature to have the act apply to all 
other possible acts, elections and votes and not to have the 
entire bill set aside as unconstitutional. To guard against 
such a possibility it seems necessary to add the section as 
above suggested. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


112 


RELATIVE TO AN APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRS 
ON THE OLD STATE HOUSE 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 26, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


As a result of the recent fire which damaged the Old 
State House, situated in the city of Boston, it has become 
necessary to make extensive repairs on that venerable 
structure. 

The Commonwealth has in the past recognized a partial 
obligation in remodelling and preserving this building and 
in order that the Commonwealth may do its part in the 
emergency which has arisen, I recommend that the Legis- 
lature appropriate a sum which, added to the funds appro- 
priated by the city of Boston, may be adequate to restore 
the Old State House and provide against the danger of 
irreparable injury from future fires. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


113 


VETOING A BILL RELATIVE TO THE SALARY OF 
THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSER- 
VATION 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 1425, entitled ““An Act relative to the Salary of the Di- 
rector of the Division of Animal Industry in the Department 
of Conservation.” 

I have not studied the merits of the particular bill to the 
extent of comparing the services rendered or salary received 
by the Director of the Division of Animal Industry with the 
services or salaries of other State officials, but have acted for 
reasons of general policy. There are few, if any, salary in- 
creases in private employment today. In fact, in this time 
of receding prices wages have been generally lowered and 
salaries have been reduced. The Legislature has thus far 
followed a nearly uniform rule of refusing increases in sal- 
aries except in two cases for the purpose of retaining officials 
whom other States have persistently sought. I am confident 
that the people of Massachusetts do not desire to have the 
salaries of their public servants, however deserving, increased 
in this particular year. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


114 


VETOING A BILL RELATIVE TO THE SALARY OF 
THE COMMISSIONER OF CONSERVATION 


ExrcuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval Senate Bill 
No. 44, entitled “An Act relative to the Salary of the Com- 
missioner of Conservation.” : 

I believe the Commonwealth is fortunate to have the serv- 
ices of the present Commissioner and under normal condi- 
tions it would be a satisfaction to approve an increase in his 
compensation. However, as indicated in an earlier message 
today, I do not believe the people of Massachusetts would 
approve this increase in salary at this time. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


115 


VETOING A BILL RELATIVE TO THE COMPENSA- 
TION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF 
PAROLE 2 


EX&EcUuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 1424, entitled “‘An Act relative to the Compensation of 
the Members of the Board of Parole.” 

In so doing there is no intention of reflecting upon the 
ability or service of the chairman of the Board, whose salary 
would be raised by the bill, but as indicated in an earlier 
message today, I believe it is not the time to raise the sal- 
aries of public servants except there be a real emergency. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


116 


VETOING A BILL ESTABLISHING THE SALARIES OF 
THE PRESENT DEPUTIES IN THE OFFICE OF 
THE TREASURER AND RECEIVER GENERAL 


EXxEcuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 1319, entitled “‘An Act establishing the Salaries of the 
Present Deputies in the Office of the Treasurer and Receiver- 
General.” 

Without in any way reflecting upon the devotion and 
ability of the men who would benefit by the proposed in- 
creases in salaries, for reasons indicated in previous messages 
today, it is not a time to permit salary increases in the 
public service. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


117 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL PRO- 
VIDING RETIREMENT ALLOWANCES BASED ON 
ANNUITY AND PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS FOR 
EMPLOYEES OF THE CITY OF BOSTON OR THE 
COUNTY OF SUFFOLK 


ExercuTIVE DreparTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill 
No. 1665, entitled “‘An Act providing Retirement Allow- 
ances based on Annuity and Pension Contributions for 
Employees of the City of Boston or of the County of 
Suffolk,’ with the recommendation that it be amended as 
follows: 

In section 2, by inserting after the word “Suffolk”’, the 
last word in clause (b) of said section, the following: “The 
word ‘employees’ shall not be construed to mean members 
of the Police Department of the City of Boston.”’ 

In section 27, by striking out in the fourth line the words 
“police or’; and by striking out in the fourth line the 
word “departments”’, and inserting in place thereof the 
word “department ”’. 

In section 30, by striking out in the second line after the 
word “‘Boston” the comma, and inserting in place thereof 
the word “‘or’’; and by striking out, in the second and 
third lines, the words “‘or the police commissioner of the 
city of Boston”’. 

The amendments would remove the police of Boston 
from the operation of the act. There has been no criticism 
of the present system of pensions for the police, which has 
stood for years and has resulted in bringing into the Police 
Department desirable young men who were earning more 
money in outside employment. 


118 


But wholly aside there is a sharp distinction both in law 
and in fact between police officers and municipal employees. 
It is well settled by Massachusetts decisions that the police 
officer is not the servant or agent of the city which pays 
him. He is a public officer, performing public duties, and 
enforcing the law of the Commonwealth. He has a definite, 
personal, legal responsibility for all his acts — the result of 
decisions that he frequently has to make on the spur of the 
moment. The requirements demanded from him physi- 
cally, mentally and morally, are rigid. Unlike most 
persons, he must be always ready to take extraordinary 
risks and to face danger. It is the duty of most persons 
to avoid danger. He has no hours of service, he is a police 
officer all the time. On completing his regular tour of 
duty, he can be and frequently is held in the exigencies 
that arise, for further, extra, arduous duties. He may 
take up no outside work to increase his ncome. He must 
be accessible at all times to a call for service from his 
superior officers. \The police should not be included in 
the same retirement system and upon the same terms with 
municipal employees. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


119 


RELATIVE TO THE ISSUING OF NOTES PROVIDING 
FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN BRIDGES 
OVER CHARLES RIVER 


Executive DEparTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In conformity with section 3 of Article LXII of the 
Amendments to the Constitution, the provisions of the 
Constitution which provides that “‘The Governor shall 
recommend to the General Court the term for which any 
loan shall be contracted’’, I herewith recommend that the 
term of the notes required to carry out the provisions of 
chapter 497 of the acts of the present year, providing for 
the construction of certain bridges over the Charles River 
between the city of Boston and the town of Watertown 
and between the city of Boston and the city of Cambridge 
be for not exceeding five years and that the State Treasurer 
with the approval of the Governor and Council be given 
authority to issue temporary notes from time to time as 
may be required and with like approval to renew the same 
for periods not exceeding five years from the date of the 
original obligation. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


120 


RELATIVE TO CONSOLIDATION OF VARIOUS JAILS 
AND HOUSES OF CORRECTION 


ExercuTivE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1921. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


A due regard for the true interest of the taxpayers of 
the Commonwealth demands a proper consolidation of the 
various jails and houses of correction, many of which are 
now being maintained at an excessive cost. A due regard 
to the welfare of the inmates of the various institutions 
demands the adoption of a unified system of control or 
supervision which may permit classification and more 
scientific treatment of prisoners. It is a problem of the 
utmost importance. The subject has been before the 
Legislature from its first day. A special committee has 
investigated the matter. Those connected with the present 
control of county institutions have not been content with 
opposing any legislation which would remedy the present 
unfortunate situation, but they have come to the halls of 
the Legislature threatening political extinction to those 
who dared advocate this reform. They have questioned 
the fairness of the presiding officers of the Legislature. In 
such a pass the good name of the Legislature is at stake. 

If the Legislature does not deem it wise at this session in 
view of such information as it now has to enact legislation 
remedying this pressing evil, then I recommend that the 
Legislature provide for a continuance of the investigation 
of county institutions and county control so that measures 
may be prepared for early action at the next session of the 
General Court. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


12] 


RELATIVE TO PARDONS 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, January 5, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In accordance with the provisions of chapter 127, section 
152, of the General Laws, I transmit herewith a list of the 
pardons granted by me; with the advice and consent of the 
Council, during the year 1921. 

Of the three pardons granted, two were in the State 
Prison and one was in the house of correction at Salem. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For description of pardons see Senate, No. 50, 1922. 


122 


RELATIVE TO AN APPROPRIATION TO REIMBURSE 
THE CITY OF LYNN FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A 
TEMPORARY BRIDGE OVER SAUGUS RIVER 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, BosToN, January 5, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


On June 17, 1921, the wooden bridge over the Saugus 
River on the Lynnway Boulevard, under the control of the 
Metropolitan District Commission, was burned to the 
water’s edge for a length of about 420 feet. A very im- 
portant line of communication from Boston and its suburbs 

to Lynn, Swampscott, Salem and other portions of Essex 
County was thereby broken. No appropriation was avail- 
able for the reconstruction of this bridge, but with my 
approval, the Metropolitan District Commission voted to 
direct its Chief Engineer to prepare plans for a permanent 
bridge to cost not exceeding $150,000; and the Metro- 
politan District Commissioner obtained subscriptions from 
the leading banks and bankers of Boston to the amount of 
$150,000 to pay the cost of constructing a permanent 
bridge, upon the assurance that I would recommend to 
the Legislature of 1922 the repayment to the subscribers 
of the sums so advanced. 

Late in June a delegation from Essex County, headed by 
Mayor Creamer of Lynn and Henry S. Baldwin, Chief 
Engineer of the General Electric Company, met the Metro- 
politan District Commission and urged the immediate 
construction of a temporary wooden bridge on account of 
the serious interference with travel caused by the destruc- 
tion of a large portion of the old bridge. The fact that no 
funds of the Commonwealth were available for the work 
was called to the attention of this delegation and Mayor 
Creamer promptly undertook to obtain from the City 
Council of Lynn an appropriation of the sum necessary to 


123 


construct a temporary wooden bridge. It was understood 
that no contract could be made or promise given that the 
Commonwealth would reimburse the city of Lynn, but 
again I gave assurance that I would recommend to the 
General Court of 1922 that the city of Lynn be reimbursed 
for the sum expended for the construction of the temporary 
wooden bridge. 

Rapid progress was made in the preparation of plans 
and the awarding of a contract for labor and equipment. 
The General Electric Company assisted in every way 
possible and work was started on the morning of July 5. 
Every effort was made by competent men to push the work 
as rapidly as possible and at moderate cost. On July 18, 
the bridge was sufficiently completed to allow traffic over 
it, and the Commissioner of the Metropolitan District, 
therefore, took over from Mayor Creamer of Lynn at that 
time the operation of the bridge, and it was opened to the 
public. Thus a bridge adequate for several years was 
constructed in record breaking time, and the immediate 
need for a permanent fireproof bridge ceased. It appears 
that the cost of the work, including insurance against fire 
for a period of six months, was $37,853.15, and I therefore 
recommend that an appropriation be made at an early 
date to reimburse the city of Lynn for such sum as may be 
due with interest thereon at a reasonable rate. I also 
commend the public spirit of all who co-operated so 
efficiently to minimize the inconvenience to a large number 
of our people. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


124 


RELATIVE TO THE DEATH OF HONORABLE JOHN 
C. F. SLAYTON OF MELROSE, MEMBER OF THE 
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, AND THE NAMING OF 
HIS SUCCESSOR 


EXEcUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, January 5, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


It is my sad duty to announce to the General Court the 
death on yesterday of Honorable John C. F, Slayton of 
Melrose, member of the Executive Council for the Fourth 
District. 

He was a kindly man and a broad-minded and public- 
spirited citizen. He had made a distinct success of his own 
affairs and out of his ripe experience he gave to his official 
duties all the energy he possessed. In his death the Com- 
monwealth has lost a faithful and devoted public servant. 

It will devolve upon your honorable bodies, in con- 
formity with Amendment XXV to the Constitution of 
Massachusetts, to choose a suitable person to fill the 
vacancy in the Executive Council thus created. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


125 


SUBMITTING BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS 


ExercuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, January 16, 1922. 


To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, I 
submit herewith budget recommendations for the current 
fiscal year showing the probably required expenditure of 
$42,146,953.47. I have been obliged to provide about 
$1,000,000 for items required by law which were not neces- 
sary last year, such as $173,000 for the expenses of a State 
election and nearly $500,000 to the Department of Educa- 
tion for increased reimbursement to cities and towns. And 
yet the grand total for current operation and maintenance, 
including new items, has been kept at approximately the 
same figure as last year. 

An extensive program of public works is proposed herein 
amounting to about $5,500,000. During the past year the 
number of inmates in our charitable institutions has been 
substantially increased. Additional accommodations are 
required, and it seems a desirable time to develop some of the 
institutions, particularly the new institution for feeble- 
minded at Belchertown and the institution for insane at 
Foxborough. Moreover, during the past two years the high 
cost of construction restricted building to matters of the 
greatest urgency. In addition to meeting actual require- 
ments I have been influenced to recommend a liberal con- 
struction program for the purpose of alleviating unemploy- 
ment and of stimulating business through increased demand 
for materials and equipment. 

The requests of the Division of Highways have been con- 
siderably reduced. In my examination of these matters I 
have not found evidence that the department has asked for 
a larger appropriation than public sentiment would support, 
or that larger sums were requested than the needs of better 


126 


and more highwaysdemand. Iam, however, strongly of the 
opinion that the expenditures of the Commonwealth for im- 
proved highways should be met by special revenues levied 
upon individuals or concerns who use them, and if more 
liberal appropriations are demanded for highway construc- 
tion and improvement, then additional revenue should be 
provided. Massachusetts has imposed less of a burden 
upon motor-driven vehicles than any other State which has 
any extended improved highways. 

In keeping with the general principle that classes and indi- 
viduals receiving special services or benefits from the gov- 
ernment should, wherever able, pay the cost, I reeommend* 
legislation fixing graduated fees upon banks and individuals 
supervised by the Division of Banks, to the end that that 
department may be made more nearly self-supporting. 


State DEBT 


During the past year the net direct debt of the Common- 
wealth was reduced nearly $6,000,000, and leaves that debt 
at $29,311,796, the lowest figure since 1914. The contingent 
net debt was decreased by more than $2,000,000. Again 
I am adhering strictly to the “‘pay as you go”’ policy in my 
recommendations for financing this budget. If the General 
Court will follow the present financial plan and refrain from 
further borrowing it will be possible to make a similar reduc- 
tion in the direct debt during the present year. There is 
great satisfaction in-lessening this continuing burden upon 
taxpayers, and re-establishing firmly the credit of the Com- 
monwealth. 

REVENUES 


The estimated ordinary revenue, with certain cash bal- 
ances from borrowed funds not required for the purposes for 
which the money was borrowed, and which can be utilized 
in appropriations for meeting serial bonds maturing this 
year, and assuming that reasonable fees will be imposed for 
examining banks and private bankers, is about $12,000,000 
less than the budget recommendations. 

I therefore recommend that a State tax not exceeding $12,- 
000,000 be levied upon the cities and towns. This would 


127 


mean a State tax of $2,000,000 less than last year, and this 
decrease will be in addition to a decrease of about $4,000,000 
by discontinuing certain special taxes, which I recommended 
in my address on the opening day of the session. In reach- 
ing this result it will be necessary for the General Court to 
keep within the limit of $762,748.04 which has been reserved 
to meet the expense of new legislation during the present 
session. ‘There is every reason to believe that the depart- 
ments will continue their endeavor to effect real economy. 
It must be remembered, however, that the amount derived 
from corporation and inheritance taxes may be less than last 
year, and that it will be necessary to subject every appropria- 
tion to the most careful scrutiny in order that the substantial 
relief proposed in this budget may in fact be assured to the 
taxpayers of Massachusetts. Such careful scrutiny of the 
items recommended in this budget is earnestly desired. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For detail of budget recommendations see House, No. 1020, 1922. 
For legislation see Acts of 1922, chapter 129. 


128 


RELATIVE TO AN APPROPRIATION FOR CLEARING 
THE FORESTS OF THE METROPOLITAN DIS- 
TRICT AFTER SEVERE STORM 


Ex&EcuTIvVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, January 18, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In my budget recommendations recently submitted pro- 
vision was made for an extensive program of public works 
which are necessary and which, it is hoped, may aid in 
reducing unemployment and stimulating business. Public 
policy requires that unemployment be lessened in all 
practical ways. The severe storm late in November caused 
tremendous injury to the trees in the parks under the con- 
trol of the Metropolitan District Commission. Hundreds 
of acres are strewn with fallen trees and broken limbs and 
branches. ‘These should be cleared away not only that 
the parks may be restored to their usual attractiveness 
but also to remove the danger of forest fires in the summer 
months when the brush becomes dry and when the parks 
are frequented daily by thousands of people. It appears 
to be an opportune time to undertake this necessary work 
and fortunately the nature of the work is such that 
previous experience is not a requisite to employment. It 
is not contemplated that live trees should be treated in 
this method and the work may be directed by competent 
men already in the employ of the Metropolitan District 
Commission. I therefore recommend that the sum of 
$50,000 be appropriated of which $25,000 shall be paid 
from the general fund or revenue of the Commonwealth 
and $25,000 shall be paid from the Metropolitan Parks 
Maintenance Fund and assessed upon the cities and towns 
of the Metropolitan Parks District, which amount shall be 
expended for the purpose of clearing the forests of the 
Metropolitan Parks District. I suggest that the sum so 
appropriated be placed at the disposal of a special com- 


129 


mission composed of the chairman of the Metropolitan 
District Commission, the chairman of the Massachusetts 
Committee to Promote Work, the Commander of the 
Massachusetts Department of the American Legion, the 
Commissioner of Public Welfare, and the Commissioner 
of Conservation, that this commission be given full 
authority to make rules and regulations as to employ- 
ment, to fix wages and otherwise to direct and carry on 
the work. 

I urge the earliest consideration of this recommendation 
which is made with the approval of the various depart- - 
ments and agencies concerned as a practical way to do 
necessary temporary work and to relieve unemployment 
in the center of our population. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


130 


RELATIVE TO AN ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATION 
FOR CLEARING THE FORESTS OF THE MET- 
ROPOLITAN DISTRICT AFTER SEVERE STORM 


Executive DeparTMENT, Boston, March 16, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 

With the endeavor to relieve unemployment the General 
Court in response to my message under date of January 18 
appropriated $50,000, to be used in clearing the forests of 
the Metropolitan Parks District. 

As a result five hundred men have been given employ- 
ment in this necessary work. This effort to relieve unem- 
ployment and at the same time to do essential work has been 
an unqualified success.: The parks of the Metropolitan 
District have been partially cleared of the debris following 
the storm of November. The men employed have worked 
hard and satisfactorily. In fact this undertaking has won 
the commendation of the chairman of the Committee on 
Civic and Emergency Measures of the President’s Con- 
ference on Unemployment, who has stated that he con- 
siders the action of Massachusetts in this matter more 
constructive than anything which has been done in the 
country in connection with the unemployment problem, 
and that he is suggesting that other states take similar 
action, if any such opportunity presents itself. 

The Special Commission authorized to conduct this 
special work has asked for an additional appropriation of 
$50,000 in order to complete the work already under way. 

I strongly recommend that the further sum of $50,000 
be appropriated, to be paid from the Metropolitan Parks 
Maintenance Fund and assessed upon the cities and towns 
of the Metropolitan Parks District and that the money so 
appropriated be placed at the disposal of the Special Com- 
mission created under chapter 13 of the Acts of 1922 and 
to be used for the purposes set forth in said chapter. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


131 


RELATIVE TO AFFORDING RELIEF TO THE CITY 
OF BOSTON FOR LOSS OF REVENUE IN TAXES 
ON ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC GIFT BY GEORGE 
ROBERT WHITE 


Executive DrepartTMENt, Boston, 27th March, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The mayor of the city of Boston has sent a communica- 
tion, a copy of which is hereto attached, in which he calls 
attention to the possible loss of a large amount of revenue 
in taxes to the city on account of the recent large public 
charitable gift made by George Robert White, deceased, 
late of Boston. ! 

Apparently a case is presented which entitles the city of 
Boston to immediate relief, and as action to accomplish that 
must be had before the first of April, I am calling your atten- 
tion to the situation and suggest the propriety of giving 
relief in the form of the bill which is also hereto attached 
entitled ““An Act Relative to the Assessment of Lands and 
Buildings Owned by the City of Boston to Lessees.”’ 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For letter from mayor of Boston and for accompanying bill see House, No. 
1473, 1922. 


132 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL PRO- 
VIDING FOR AN EIGHTH ASSISTANT CLERK 
OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY OF 
BOSTON FOR CIVIL BUSINESS 


ExEcuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 8th April, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments to 
the Constitution, I am returning herewith Senate Bill No. 
310, an act “Providing for an Eighth Assistant Clerk of the 
Municipal Court of the City of Boston for Civil Business,” 
with the recommendation that it be amended by inserting 
the following new section: 

Section 3. This act shall take effect upon its acceptance by vote of 
the city council of the city of Boston, subject to the provisions of its 
charter; provided, that such acceptance occurs prior to December thirty- 
first in the current year. 


The money necessary for the salary of an additional 
assistant clerk of the Municipal Court of the City of Boston 
for civil business would have to be raised by the city of Bos- _ 
ton. I believe it to be a sound principle that wherever 
possible the municipality should have the control of its own 
expenditures. This principle was recognized uniformly 
during the last session of the General Court, and its con- 
tinued observance is desirable. 


CHANNING H. COX. ~ 


133 


RELATIVE TO GRANTING JURISDICTION TO THE 
UNITED STATES OF CERTAIN LAND IN RUT- 
LAND 


Executive DrpartTMENT, Boston, April 10, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The United States has acquired by purchase certain land 
in Rutland, Worcester County, for the site of a Public Health 
Service Hospital. The land is described in a photostatic 
copy of the deed to the United States and blue print of a 
survey made in July, 1921, which have been filed in the office 
of the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The hospital at 
Rutland is to be used for the care and treatment of dis- 
charged sick and disabled soldiers who served in the World 
War. The United States government has requested that 
Massachusetts cede jurisdiction of the land in question in 
order that it may not be restricted in its endeavor to provide 
promptly the facilities authorized by Congress for the care of 
disabled veterans. Therefore I recommend legislation to 
the end that Massachusetts shall cede jurisdiction of the 
land in Rutland which the United States has purchased. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


134 


VETOING A BILL EXCLUDING THE TOWN OF 
DOVER FROM THE METROPOLITAN PARKS 
DISTRICT 


ExecuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, April 15, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I return herewith without my approval “‘An Act excluding 
the Town of Dover from the Metropolitan Parks District 
and relieving it of Expenses Incident Thereto.” 

This bill would permit Dover to withdraw from the unit 
or group of thirty-eight municipalities constituting the Met- 
ropolitan Parks District, and would relieve that town from 
further assessments for interest, sinking fund and mainte- 
nance requirements. 

The idea of creating a district comprising Boston and 
neighboring cities and towns for the purpose of dealing 
jointly with important public problems took form in 1889 
when the Legislature created the Metropolitan Sewerage 
Districts. Although it was evident that the sewage disposal 
problem of Boston and the surrounding cities and towns 
could be handled better as a whole than in many separate 
units yet a determined contest was made against the consti- 
tutionality of the act on the ground, among others, of in- 
equality of benefits and burdens. One town objected on 
the ground that it had no local system of sewers by means of 
which it could connect with the main system provided for by 
the act, while another town objected because it was already 
supplied with a sufficient system of sewers emptying into the 
ocean. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality 
of the act and affirmed the power of the Legislature to 
apportion the burdens in such a manner as will tend to fair- 
ness and equality, and that absolute equality in the distribu- 
tion of burdens of course could only be approached. 

Other towns have been added from time to time to the 
Metropolitan Sewerage Districts as originally constituted, 


135 


but no city or town has asked for permission to withdraw, 
and there is general agreement that the welfare of all the 
communities has been promoted by their joint undertaking 
in the matter of sewage disposal. 

The Metropolitan Parks Act of 1893 was the next step in 
the development of the metropolitan district idea. The com- 
missioners appointed to consider the advisability of laying 
out ample open spaces for the use of the public wisely con- 
cluded that in a great metropolitan district a proper park 
system cannot be developed within local lines, and that as 
all the people enjoy the benefits all should contribute to the 
costs. 

The Legislature created a Metropolitan Parks District of 
thirty-seven cities and towns including Dover. To this dis- 
trict one town (Cohasset) was later added and there has © 
been no break in the membership of the District. 

The Metropolitan Water District as created in 1895 con- 
sisted of thirteen cities and towns. Seven others have been 
added from time to time, and no municipality has asked 
permission to withdraw. 

The act under consideration, therefore, contemplates the 
first withdrawal from any metropolitan district. 

It is generally believed that the evolution and growth of 
the metropolitan districts have been of distinct advantage to 
the communities served and to the Commonwealth. To an 
excellent water supply and an adequate system of sewage 
disposal have been added reservations and boulevards of 
great natural beauty and usefulness. The preservation and 
improvement of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Nantasket, 
Revere and other beaches, with a water front of thirteen 
miles, for the healthful outdoor enjoyment of the people is 
a mighty accomplishment. The Charles River Basin has 
been created and the banks of the upper river greatly im- 
proved. Considerable stretches along the Mystic and Ne- 
ponset rivers have been acquired and developed and the 
total river frontage owned and maintained by the District 
exceeds fifty miles. There are also several smaller reserva- 
tions, while more than one hundred miles of parkways, 
boulevards and roads have been constructed to link together 


136 


and make accessible the open spaces in the system. All this 
has cost more than twenty million dollars, and the annual 
expense for maintenance is approximately one and one-half 
millions. By this expenditure the whole area has become 
more attractive to live in, more available to do business in, — 
and property values have increased. This general benefit, 
however, is indefinite and intangible, and cannot be directly 
placed, located or calculated. 

Dover entered into this joint enterprise nearly thirty years 
ago. Her citizens share in the ownership and enjoyment 
of the reservations and boulevards. Her total contribution 
in the year 1921 was $1,619.50, about one dollar and seventy 
cents for each inhabitant. 

From her proportional share of the financial burden of the 
district she seeks to be relieved, thus slightly increasing the 
burden upon all the other cities and towns associated with 
her. It is therefore worth while to review the method 
adopted to fix Dover’s share in the cost of creating and 
maintaining the district. 

Four separate Commissions appointed by the Supreme ~ 
Judicial Court and all composed of able men, have appor- 
tioned the costs of creating and maintaining the metropolitan 
parks and boulevards, at intervals of five years, and the find- 
ings of all these Commissions have been duly approved by 
the court. 

In 1900 the apportionment was made on the basis of valua- 
tion slightly modified, so that cities and towns with the great- 
est per capita valuation paid more and towns with the small- 
est per capita valuation paid less than the average. Dover, 
as a wealthy town, was in the class paying more than the 
average rate. 

In 1905 the apportionment was again based on the valua- 
tion somewhat modified by a betterment assessment upon 
cities and towns which had metropolitan boulevards within 
their territory. Dover was then in the class paying less than 
the average rate. 

In 1910 valuation was the principal basis of assessment, 
with the element of population entering slightly into the 
calculation. Under this plan the so called fringe towns, 


137 


Braintree, Canton, Dover, Hull, Nahant, Hingham, West- 
wood and Weymouth, were given a substantial reduction 
from the average basis. 

In 1915 the average percentage of valuation and popula- 
tion was the basis of assessment for park maintenance, and 
valuation the basis for park construction and boulevard 
maintenance and construction. 

All the foregoing assessments were made after long hear- 
ings and diligent investigation, during which every town and 
city had its opportunity to be heard and to present briefs. 
Each method in turn was confirmed by the Supreme Judicial 
Court and no one of the methods was criticised by the court 
or held improper or invalid. The method of assessment 
adopted in 1915 gave such general satisfaction to the district 
‘that with some slight changes it was adopted by legislation 
in 1920 as the continuing basis for apportionment. This 
fixed policy will save the expense and annoyance of long 
hearings each five years, and thus the precedent of legislative 
determination of assessments adopted many years earlier in 
the sewerage and water districts has been followed. 

Dover in common with all other municipalities had an 
opportunity to be heard and present its claims before the 
Legislature in 1920, which gave careful consideration to the 
matter of fixing the basis of assessment. 

It is rightly contended on the part of Dover that no money 
has been spent within her town limits for parks or boule- 
vards. But that is equally true as to Saugus, Weymouth, 
Hingham and Cohasset, and in several other towns only a 
small amount has been expended. On the other hand there 
are several municipalities in which so much land has been 
taken for district purposes that they have suffered a serious 
reduction in taxable property. It is obvious that the Dis- 
trict cannot be considered from the point of view of any 
municipality but must be considered as a whole, for the 
benefits of the parks and boulevards are not confined within 
the boundaries of any city or town. The automobile has 
brought all parts of the District nearer together, and made 
all the open spaces easier of access to all the people, including 
the inhabitants of Dover. There is less reason for permitting 


138 | 


the withdrawal of any fringe town today than there was in 
the earlier years, and there is no argument for allowing 
Dover to leave the District which does not apply with equal 
force to other municipalities. If Dover escapes her share of 
the cost other cities and towns will seek the same avenue of 
escape and the metropolitan district entity will be weakened 
at a time when it is natural and desirable to strengthen it. 

It cannot be asserted that the financial burden is too heavy 
for Dover tobear. When the last apportionment of expenses. 
by a Commission was made in 1915 her tax rate was $5.50, 
the lowest in the thirty-eight towns and cities constituting 
the District. 

In 1920, when the Legislature fixed the basis of assessment, 
Dover’s tax rate was $9, again the lowest in the district, and 
in the amount raised by this low tax rate is included the sum 
paid for its share in the metropolitan parks district expense. 
In 1921 Dover enjoyed a tax rate of $14.50, one of the lowest 
in the Commonwealth. The per capita valuation of Dover | 
is very high. Within her borders live many well to do citi- 
zens whose business interests lie in Boston, and who are 
vitally interested in the welfare of the entire metropolitan 
district. Some of them make daily use of metropolitan 
boulevards, and to all the inhabitants of the town, rich or 
poor, are available and close at hand the Charles River, the 
Blue Hills, the Neponset Reservation, all greatly improved, 
as a part of the general scheme of metropolitan reservations. 
It may be that in the future the banks of the Charles within 
the town of Dover will be in part taken over and improved 
in a manner similar to the treatment of the lower reaches of 
that river. Whether or not money is spent within the town 
limits there can be no question of the general benefit of the 
park system to Dover, and there can be little question of the 
necessity of preserving the integrity of the park district 
which has so richly contributed to the happiness and well 
being of our thickly settled metropolitan population. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


139 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
AUTHORIZING THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT 
COMMISSION TO APPOINT A SUPERINTENDENT 
OF POLICE 


Executive DrpartmMent, Boston, April 26, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1504, entitled “‘An Act authorizing the Metropolitan District 
Commission to appoint a Superintendent of Police,’ with 
the recommendation that it be amended as follows: 


By striking out in the first line the word “‘ any ”’ and inserting in place 
thereof the words ‘‘ Herbert W. West for twenty-six years a.” 


House Bill No. 1504 as it came to me is in terms a general 
bill but it was evident from a public hearing before me that 
its purpose was to make possible the appointment of Herbert 
W. West as superintendent of the Metropolitan District 
Police force, without Civil Service examination, and yet to 
give to him the protection of the Civil Service after appoint- 
ment. 

In my judgment such a course is in clear violation. of the 
Civil Service policy as established by law in this Common- 
wealth and will:open the door to numerous requests in the 
future for special exemptions. 

The work of Mr. West in the Metropolitan Police force 
for twenty-six years is generally known and approved. 
Recently in the work of clearing the Metropolitan Park for- 
ests, under special appropriations, he demonstrated marked 
executive ability. 

If the General Court desires to give frank recognition to 
such meritorious service there can be little objection. Such 


140 


a course plainly stated will have my approval. I do not 
believe in setting aside in general terms the provisions of 
the Police Promotion Act, only recently enacted, and the 
accepted provisions of Civil Service. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


141 


~VETOING A BILL PERMITTING JUSTICES OF THE 
SUPERIOR COURT TO SUSPEND THE EXECU- 
TION OF SENTENCES IN CRIMINAL CASES 


ExkEcuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, Ist May, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Herewith I return without my approval House Bill No. 
570, being “An Act to permit Justices of the Superior Court 
to suspend the Execution of Sentences in Criminal Cases.” 

This bill would extend to the Justices of the Superior 
Court the power to suspend the execution of sentences of 
imprisonment or fines. The Superior Court has not asked 
for this legislation. It has not appeared that any officers of 
the law have asked for it. On the contrary it is vigorously 
opposed by many who are charged with the duty of bringing 
law breakers to justice. At present the Superior Court has 
the unqualified power to place cases on probation. Why 
sentence a person to imprisonment if the purpose of the 
court be to place him on probation? At present the Superior 
Court has the power to continue cases before imposing sen- 
tence. So if the pending bill does not give the Superior 
Court any additional power of consequence, as has been 
urged, the measure should be rejected as unnecessary. 

There are however real objections to the measure. Ata 
time when special relief is asked because of the congested 
dockets of the Superior Court, this measure would increase 
the number of cases awaiting final disposition. The measure 
is one additional invitation for those who have been found 
guilty in lower courts to appeal their cases with the hope of 
securing at worst a suspended sentence, and thus the number 
of cases in the Superior Court would be materially increased. 

In the district and municipal courts first offenders are 
given every opportunity to mend.their ways before they are 
punished, and it may be proper to permit suspended sen- 
tences there as a means of compelling right living. 


142 


Every sincere endeavor to reform and to extend to erring 
men and women a chance to be free from a life of misdeeds 
has my sympathy. The recent records demonstrate that 
Massachusetts has gone far in the direction of leniency. In: 
the year ending September 30, 1921, the latest date for 
which figures are available, the criminal courts of the Com- 
monwealth disposed of 97,122 cases of persons who had been 
convicted. Of these 23,845 were placed in the care of pro- 
bation officers. For the year ending September 30, 1921, 
the relative disposition of cases is shown, on the basis of 
each 1,000 convicted persons, as follows: 


Committed to prison, reformatory, jail, house of correction,: or 


juvenile training school . : , ' Set 
Placed on probation . { i y 5 OA 
Fined (and fine paid) bie wile aie a hi 
Committed for non-payment of fine Si RN ae 8 St er 
Placed on file... i ; PR 


These figures are startling in showing that out of each 
thousand convicted, only 93 were placed in restraint, while 
907 were released on fines, or put on probation, or had their 
cases filed. LLeniency may have been justified, but appar- 
ently the result of leniency is becoming a strong factor in 
making crime increasingly prevalent. 

With the prevalence of crimes of violence, when day after 
day men are shot down in cold blood by degenerates who 
have no regard for the lives of others, it is not an opportune 
time to announce to the world that our Superior Court judges 
may impose sentences and then immediately suspend them. 
The overwhelming majority of our citizens are law loving and 
law abiding. ‘Their protection demands a more wholesome 
respect for stern justice promptly administered, and not too 
much deleted by wasted sympathy. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


143 


VETOING A BILL REINSTATING DANIEL J. O’SUL- 
LIVAN IN THE SANITARY DIVISION OF THE 
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OF THE 
CITY OF BOSTON 


Executive DiparTMENT, Boston, May 12, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I return herewith without my approval Senate Bill No. 
383, being ““An Act Authorizing the Reinstatement of Dan- 
iel J. O'Sullivan in the Sanitary Division of the Department 
of Public Works of the City of Boston.” 

This bill would permit without examination the reinstate- 
ment of a former employee of the city of Boston who was 
appointed in 1906, worked less than two years, and was then 
suspended. Although out of the city employ for fourteen 
years because of suspension it is now sought to set aside all 
considerations required by general law. 

A similar attempt to set aside the Civil Service laws for 
the benefit of the same individual was defeated in 1919 by 
the then city officials of Boston. 

The passage of this act would be in clear violation of the 
rights of other men who in good faith have taken and passed 
examinations for the position in question. It is special legis- 
lation directed at the very heart of Civil Service principles. 
It is special legislation which would do an injustice to others 
who with right have relied upon the provisions of general law 
with which they have been obliged to comply. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


144 


VETOING A BILL APPOINTING RICHARD WILLIAMS 
AS A MEMBER OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF 
THE CITY OF QUINCY 


ExEcuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 23, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith, without my approval, House 
Bill No. 1680, entitled ““An Act providing for the Appoint- 
ment of Richard Williams as a Member of the Fire Depart- 
ment of the City of Quincy.” 

By its provisions, “‘The chief of the fire department of the 
city of Quincy, with the approval of the mayor, is hereby 
authorized and directed to appoint forthwith Richard Wil- 
liams of said city as a member of its fire department without 
civil service examination and notwithstanding the provisions 
of any city ordinance to the contrary. Such appointment 
shall be made on or before July first in the current year.” 

From time to time permissive legislation has been passed 
giving relief to certain individuals in meritorious cases from 
unduly technical requirements of the Civil Service laws. 
Never, however, have the officials of any city or town been 
arbitrarily directed by the Legislature as to the removal or 
employment of any individuals. Such a policy is indefen- 
sible and should not be established. It is an unwarranted 
interference with the rights of local governments. ‘The 
people of Quincy have control over the chief of their fire de- 
partment. If he does not do his duty there are adequate 
methods of relief. 

The bill accompanying the petition asked for permissive 
legislation, which might have been proper. No one has 
attempted to justify the mandatory legislation in its present _ 
form, which represents an endeavor of the General Court 
needlessly to interfere in the internal affairs of a city depart- 
ment. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


145 


RELATIVE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE 
OF DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF BANKS 


Executive DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 23, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The work of the office of the Commissioner of Banks in 
Massachusetts has increased materially during the past few 
years. Legislation passed this year has greatly increased the 
work of that department. It seems not only highly desir- 
able but necessary that a Deputy Commissioner of Banks 
be appointed. 

The Bank Commissioner’s office now has more than one 
hundred thirty employees, and has the supervision of banks 
with larger assets than any other Bank Commissioner in the 
United States, with the exception of the State of New York, 
where the Superintendent of Banks has four deputies. I 
believe there is no important State in the Union which does 
not have at least one deputy. 

In this important department, having supervision over the 
savings of so many people and supervision of so many bank- 
ing institutions, and with a large volume of detail, it is appar- 
ent that its affairs could be conducted more economically 
and more efficiently with the aid of a Deputy Commissioner 
of Banks. ‘Therefore I recommend the establishment of the 
office of Deputy Commissioner of Banks, to be appointed 
by the Commissioner, with the consent and, approval of the 
Governor and Council. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


146 


RELATIVE TO SECURING COMPETITIVE BIDS 
FOR STATE PRINTING AND BINDING AND TO 
AWARDING A CONTRACT 


EXxEcuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 24, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The contract for the execution of all printing and binding 
for the several departments of the Commonwealth for a 
period of five years, under authority of chapter 128, of the 
Resolves of 1917, expires July first next. A similar resolve 
authorizing a new contract has failed of passage in the pres- 
ent session. Contracts for the purchase of paper used in 
State printing expire June first next. 

For the past sixty-five years, at five-year intervals, re- 
solves have been passed authorizing State printing contracts. 
Chapter 9, section 14, of the General Laws, directs that the 
Secretary of the Commonwealth shall purchase at the lowest 
market prices the paper used in the execution of the contract 
for State printing. Chapter 5, section 1, of the General 
Laws, provides that “‘The state secretary shall supervise the 
state printing, and all publications by the commonwealth 
shall be printed and distributed under his direction unless 
otherwise provided.” 

The Attorney General has given an opinion that in the 
event of the failure to authorize a general contract the Sec- 
retary is charged with the supervision of all State print- 
ing and the printing and distribution of all publications, but 
the scope and application of the word “publications” will 
have to be decided in each case. Any such contract made 
by the Secretary must be limited in term to one year and in 
amount to the appropriation made by the General Court to 
cover the expense thereof in each office or department. He 
further advises that the statute as to the purchase of paper 
in such event would become inoperative and that paper used 


147 


in State printing would be purchased by the printers in 
accordance with the usual commercial custom. It therefore 
seems urgent that legislation should be enacted at the present 
session in order that the State printing be done to the best 
advantage. 

I recommend that proper State officials be authorized to 
secure competitive bids for the State printing and binding 
and to award a contract to the lowest bidder. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


148 


SUBMITTING SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET 
RECOMMENDATIONS 


ExrcutivE DreparTMENT, Boston, May 27, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In conformity with the provisions of the Constitution, 
which provide that “‘the Governor may at any time recom- 
mend to the general court supplementary budgets,” I 
herewith submit supplementary budget recommendations 
amounting to $1,095,585.91, exclusive of the metropolitan 
districts. 

The sums recommended at this time include amounts made 
necessary by new legislation, and make allowance for pend- 
ing legislation as well as for certain needed improvements and 
matters not already provided for, and are those suggested by 
the Supervisor of Administration after a review of the several 
propositions. 

REVENUE 


To provide for appropriations already made, and to cover 
the items contained in this budget, a State tax of $12,000,000 
will be required in addition to the ordinary revenues of the 
commonwealth. 

Quincy ARMORY 


Recommendations of the Supervisor of Administration in- 
clude an item of $75,500. The original estimates for taking 
the land and constructing the building called for $153,500. 
I am of the opinion that substantially that amount will be’ 
required for an armory to meet the needs of Quincy, so that 
any appropriation made this year, within the recommenda- 
tions of the Supervisor of Administration, should be made 
provisionally upon an additional appropriation to be made in 
1923. It seems probable that $75,500 will cover the pay- 
ments to be made for the present fiscal year. 


149 


TERMS OF CERTAIN Bonp IssuEs 


Chapter 380 of the acts of the present year authorizes an 
additional issue of bonds, to the amount of $280,000, for 
building the Neponset bridge, so called. As required by sec- 
tion 3 of Article LXIT of Amendments to the Constitution, I 
recommend that the term of bonds for this work be for not 
exceeding forty years. 

There is also legislation pending relative to an expenditure 
for enlarging the Harvard Square platform of the Cambridge 
Subway. It is proposed to finance the construction of this 
enlarged platform by the issue of bonds, and under the pro- 
visions of the Constitution I recommend that the term be for 
not more than fifty years, in conformity with the terms of 
bonds issued under authority of chapter 369 of the Acts of 
1919, being the act authorizing the purchase of the Cam- 
bridge Subway by the Commonwealth. 

The Supervisor of Administration reports recommending 
certain expenditures for extensions of sewerage systems. In 
so far as these extensions are financed by the issue of notes or 
bonds, I recommend under the provisions of the Constitu- 
tion that the term be for not more than forty years. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For details of supplementary budget recommendations see House, No. 1740 
of 1922. | 
For legislation see Acts of 1922, chapter 546. 


150 


RELATIVE TO AN APPROPRIATION FOR SECURING 
CERTAIN RELICS FROM THE OLD PROVINCE 
HOUSE 


ExecutTivE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 31, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In the process of demolishing the Old Province House a 
brick chimney has been revealed which is said by architects 
to be one of the best in America, from a strictly architectural 
viewpoint. It is said to be a survival of the true Tudor 
architecture. | 

I have been urged to recommend that the Commonwealth 
take action to preserve some substantial relic from the Old » 
Province House and I therefore recommend that the Art 
Commission, with the approval of the Governor and Council, 
be authorized to secure a section of the brick wall, showing 
the beautifully laid English bond and texture, such fragment 
being not more than six feet square, which could be set up 
as a panel in the wall of the present State House or in any — 
extension of the present building. The fragment could be 
kept in storage until such time. 

In addition, I recommend that similar authority be given 
for the acquisition of an entire fireplace from the Old Prov- 
ince House, preferably that from the principal room where 
the Council met and which was the scene of receptions and 
all important ceremonies connected with the Governor’s 
Office for almost one hundred years. The fireplace could be 
preserved in a new State Library or Supreme Court building, 
or in any extension of the State House, and in the meantime 
could be stored. 

I make these recommendations not alone because of the 
historical interest in the Old Province House, but also be- 
cause of the great architectural beauty of the relics which 
would be preserved by such action. If these reeommenda- 


151 


tions meet with favor immediate action is necessary as the 
building is rapidly being torn to pieces. 

It is estimated that the cost of securing the section of the 
chimney and the fireplace and moving them to the State 
House would be $1,500, and I therefore recommend an 
appropriation in that amount. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


152 


RELATIVE TO OFFER WITH FURTHER REFERENCE 
TO SECURING CERTAIN RELICS OF THE OLD 
~ PROVINCE HOUSE 


ExecuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 6, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In a recent message a special appropriation of fifteen hun- 
dred dollars was recommended for the purpose of preserving 
one of the fireplaces and a small section of the chimney in the 
Old Province House which is being demolished. 

The Chairman of the Art Commission advises that the 
proprietors of the new theatre which is to be erected on the 
site of the Old Province House have offered to preserve two 
and if possible three of the fireplaces, together with a portion 
of the old chimney, within the new theatre building, where 
they will be cherished as historic memorials. 

It is evident that the object of the proposed legislation 
now pending may be accomplished in larger degree than con- 
templated, without any cost to the Commonwealth. There- 
fore, further action by the General Court to insure the preser- 
vation of these memorials seems unnecessary. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


153 


VETOING A BILL REINSTATING JAMES KELLY IN 
THE INSTITUTIONS DEPARTMENT OF THE 
CITY OF BOSTON 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 6, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith, without my approval, House Bill 
No. 1676, entitled, ““An Act authorizing the Reinstatement 
of James Kelly in the Institutions Department of the City of 
Boston.’’’ 

The records show that the beneficiary of this special legisla- 
tion was appointed as an officer in the Institutions Depart- 
ment of the City of Boston, December 22, 1915. On June 1, 
1918, his position was abolished and his further employment 
became unnecessary. On November 5, 1919, the Civil 
Service Commission authorized his transfer .to the Police 
Department, subject to a non-competitive examination, 
which he failed to pass. 

The bill, therefore, would permit the reinstatement of an 
individual who has been out of the service for exactly four 
years, while Civil Service regulations allow reinstatement 
after one year only. 

_ To extend the period of reinstatement by means of special 
legislation would be obviously unfair to any persons who 
have taken the examinations in good faith and who have 
relied upon the impartial administration of law as their pro- 
tection.. The present bill which would give to one individual 
special privileges at the expense of breaking down Civil 
Service laws upon which others have a right to rely cannot 
be approved. 

CHANNING H. COX. 


154 


VETOING A BILL DIRECTING THE DEPARTMENT OF 
PUBLIC WORKS TO PROVIDE FOR THE CON- 
STRUCTION OR IMPROVEMENT OF CERTAIN 
ROADS 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 8, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 1690, entitled ““An Act Directing the Department of 
Public Works to provide for the Construction or Improve- 
ment of Certain Roads.” 

The bill directs the Department of Public Works to request 
the 1923 appropriations totaling $153,000 for the construc- 
tion or improvement of seven specified roads. Without con- 
sidering particularly the merits of each project the bill repre- 
sents a combination of seven special road bills. Special road 
bills usually serve local and private interests and have little 
state-wide value. Special road bills not infrequently pay 
tribute to the influence and popularity of a particular legis- 
lator. When several special bills are combined in an omni- 
bus bill the result is a multiplication of evils. Similar Federal 
legislation has been roundly criticized and given an oppro- 
brious title because the interests of individuals and localities 
are served rather than the Nation. Happily no such legisla- 
tion has been enacted here in recent years. 

In the early days of constructing our State highways, 
small sections were built in different parts of the Common- 
wealth. The result of this early policy is still evident in 
many disconnected sections of highway built under State 
aid, with no definite object such as through highway service 
should render. When the first through routes of State roads 
were built, they provided a connection between some impor- 
tant center and its rural communities, seldom marking dis- 
tances in excess of five miles. The automobile has changed 
this, and today the road of service must cover at least a fifty 


155 


mile zone for heavy traffic, and a one hundred mile zone for 
passenger traffic. 

The burden thus placed upon the Commonwealth is enor- 
mous and has been met in.recent years by heavy expendi- 
tures. In the past five years the Commonwealth has ex- 
pended $23,900,000 for construction and reconstruction of 
highways. | 

In this same period there has been expended for mainte- 
nance an increasing amount from year to year, until in 1921 
the State’s portion of this burden amounted to $2,214,000. 
Illustrating the manner in which this cost has been con- 
stantly growing, largely on account of the heavy traffic using 
the highways, the average cost per mile for maintenance has 
increased from $420 in 1917 to $860 in 1921. In this same 
five year period more than $100,000,000 raised by direct 
taxation in cities and towns has been expended for local 
highways. ? | 

Legislation passed in 1900, 1910 and 1915 has provided 
available funds for special work in small towns; for co- 
operative work between State, county and towns; and for 
special routes in the western counties. In the last five years, 
under this policy of State aid to poorer communities by 
special consideration, in addition to the method of contribu- 
ting to communities that are located within the territory to 
be covered by the through routes where State highways have 
been established, the Commonwealth has expended for this 
special work $4,402,131. 

The Commonwealth has recognized its responsibility that 
each of these roads should be a part of a general highway 
system, and the record of expenditures clearly shows full 
recognition of the importance of bringing rural communities 
into closer touch with important centers. This policy of 
highway development once established has been followed 
through several administrations. Its worth has been further 
emphasized during the past year by Federal legislation 
allowing money to be expended only upon definite routes, 
ultimately to become either through interstate routes or 
secondary routes to tie to these through routes, communi- 
ties needing special service directly associated with the 
through routes. 


156 


The Commonwealth has created a Department of Public 
Works for the purpose of co-ordinating this work so that it 
may be in harmony with town and county activities and in 
turn be in harmony with the Federal government. The de- 
mands upon the State Department at the present time repre- 
sent a call for an annual expenditure of more than six times 
the funds available. Obviously many of these demands can- 
not be met, and certain special projects must be deferred, 
and those which seem to be least desirable from the stand- 
point of becoming a part of a definite highway system must 
be postponed until more important-roads have been con- 
structed. 

The Commonwealth has not been niggardly in its highway 
program. In recent years the Commonwealth has wisely 
made its annual expenditures for highways from current 
revenue, with no bond issues and no deferred payments. 
The wisdom of this course is demonstrated every year in 
comparing the diminishing debt for highway construction in 
Massachusetts with the increasing burden for highway con- 
struction in many other States. The department having 
responsibility for the distribution of available funds may 
occasionally err in its judgment of roads selected, but cer-— 
tainly there must be some agency which shall be a responsible 
clearing house for these large activities, and this agency must 
be allowed to exercise its best judgment if each year’s expend- 
itures are to contribute to a definite progressive result over 
a period of years. 

There is abundant evidence that the program of construc- 
tion and aid carried on by the Department of Public Works 
has this purpose in view. It is fair to assume that projects 
which have sufficient merit to commend themselves to the 
General Court after careful consideration would be approved 
by the Department of Public Works within a short time. 

Several of the routes proposed have merit. All of them 
are included in studies that have been made by the Depart- 
ment of Public Works for highway improvement. Work 
upon some of them will be undertaken within the next two 
years. All of them represent parts of routes that are desir- 
able and worthy of the best possible consideration that the 
State can afford whenever funds are available. 


157 


But there is a more serious principle involved in this type 
of legislation, in giving to the Legislature administrative 
functions in addition to legislative responsibilities. 

If the time has come for the Legislature to fix definitely a 
program of highway construction that shall become an order 
upon the State Department in charge of such work, repre- 
senting the will of the majority of the Legislature as distinct 
from a definite program of highway construction for State- 
wide service, the roads to be approved and the program to 
be endorsed should not be restricted to a few routes named 
in the bill presented. It would be most unfair to other 
towns equally deserving of State aid, and in many cases hav- 
ing highways forming a part of more important routes, to 
approve the limited group thus endorsed. 

The Commonwealth faces an increasingly serious problem 
in the requirement for large expenditures upon the highways 
of the Commonwealth to meet the increasing demands put 
upon them by the present type of travel. Motor vehicles of 
all kinds have so increased in number, and, because of their 
number and weight, in their destructive results upon the 
highways, that each year finds the Commonwealth falling 
behind in its ability to match highway needs with highway 
funds. 

The Legislature has not seen fit to increase the fees to be 
paid by the largest users and beneficiaries of improved high- 
ways, — the motor operators. A most careful analysis of 
the developing conditions demonstrated that the increasing 
demand for improved highways could be met only by increas- 
ing the amount of funds available. 

A careful study of the demands that now exist, with no 
reference to the continued increase in motor vehicles and the 
corresponding destruction of roads, shows that the Common- 
wealth has an actual need for an expenditure of ten dollars 
for every seven dollars available. In other words, the 
approximate $7,000,000 available in 1921 will do but seven- 
tenths of the work that is necessary to keep up the present 
highway mileage for which the Commonwealth is responsible, 
and build additional roads to meet the needs of steadily in- 
creasing traffic. 


158 


Based upon the expected increased income to be received 
from the constantly increasing number of cars registered, it 
would seem that motor vehicle fees on the present basis 
might ultimately afford sufficient funds to balance require- 
ments; but the record of highway costs all over the United 
States indicates that the demand for improved highways 
increases much more rapidly than the number of motor 
vehicles increase, and it is estimated that unless there shall 
be a scale of fees fixed for Massachusetts considerably 
higher than those now in force, Massachusetts will face 
within the next ten years a demand for roads that will 
represent a ratio of ten dollars to every five dollars that 
may be available from this source. 

In addition to setting aside a State-wide road building 
policy the bill is objectionable on other grounds. The bill 
does not contemplate an appropriation by the present 
General Court. It attempts in part to determine the policy 
of another General Court and to control the expenditure 
of funds which may be available in 1923. Such a course is 
contrary to the intent of the executive budget now in its 
third year of operation and under which the people are 
coming to find relief in lower taxes. After the consistent 
support which the present General Court has given to a 
sound financial program, no serious departure must be per- 
mitted in the closing days of the legislative session. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


159 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
REGULATING THE OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT 


EXECUTIVE DrEeParRTMENT, Boston, June 8, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill, 
No. 1626, entitled ““An Act Regulating the Operation of 
Aircraft,’ with the recommendation that it be amended as 
follows: 


In section fifty-one by striking out the words “gathered for the purpose 
of witnessing any contest or exhibition”’ and inserting after the word 
“any” the words “open air’’, so that the first sentence of said section 
fifty-one shall read — “No aircraft shall be operated over any open air 
assembly of persons, except by special permission of the Registrar.” 


Recent unfortunate experience has shown the danger of 
air flights over assemblages for memorial services and other 
public meetings, and the possibility of similar danger in 
Massachusetts should be prevented. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


160 


VETOING A BILL DIRECTING THE DEPARTMENT 
OF PUBLIC WORKS TO PROVIDE FOR THE FUR- 
THER CONSTRUCTION OF A CERTAIN HIGH- 
WAY IN THE TOWNS OF RUTLAND AND HOL- 
DEN 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 8, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 1744, entitled “‘An Act directing the Department of 
Public Works to provide for the Further Construction and 
Improvement of a Certain Highway in the Towns of 
Rutland and Holden.” 

Regardless of the merit of the particular highway con- 
templated, the bill presents a departure from a wise policy 
of state-wide road building which has been established, 
and to which extended reference was made in a message ~ 
under date of June 8, when House Bill No. 1690 was re- 
turned without my approval, and to which message in its 
general aspect further consideration is asked. 

The bill in question is a special road bill. Federal aid 
could not be expected upon it as the allotment of Federal 
funds is based upon traffic conditions. The appropriation 
recommended in the bill is “a sum not exceeding fifty 
thousand dollars’, and it might be inferred that this” 
amount would approximate the completion of the route. 
Nearly six miles of road are involved in the route, much of 
it over mountainous country calling for expensive con- 
struction to make the road of any practical service. It is 
impossible to estimate the cost of construction at less than 
forty thousand dollars a mile. It is therefore evident that 
the appropriation of fifty thousand dollars recommended 
must be increased to nearly five times that amount to com- 
plete a highway of such service as to justify State aid. 
Figures are available with reference to present traffic 


161 


which show that there are many miles of road needing 
improvement carrying traffic greatly in excess of that 
which the contemplated road would be called upon to 
serve. | 

The bill also seeks to anticipate the appropriations to be 
made by another General Court, and on that ground is 
again contrary to justifiable policy. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


162 


VETOING A RESOLVE PROVIDING FOR THE PREPA- 
RATION OF PLANS FOR THE FILTRATION OF 
THE WATERS OF LAKE COCHITUATE AND THE 
SOUTH SUDBURY SYSTEM 


ExrcutTivE Department, Boston, June 8, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith, without my approval, Senate 
Resolve No. 497, entitled, ““A Resolve providing for the 
Preparation of Plans by the Metropolitan District Com- 
mission for the Filtration of the Waters of Lake Cochituate 
and the South Sudbury System”’’. 

The resolve, as its title indicates, directs the Metropoli- 
tan District Commission to prepare plans for the filtration 
of the waters of Lake Cochituate and the South Sudbury 
System and to submit such plans with estimates of cost to 
the next annual session of the General Court, with drafts of 
such proposed legislation as may be necessary to carry out 
such plans. 

The resolve carries no appropriation for the required 
work. Adequate and proper filtration systems will prob- 
ably cost from $2,500,000 to $3,000,000. The city of 
Cambridge is now spending $725,000 on a filtration system 
to care for about one-quarter the amount of water con- 
templated in the present resolve. It is estimated that to 
build a filter for Lake Cochituate alone would cost 
$1,000,000 and the South Sudbury waters are several times 
larger than Cochituate. On the basis of a total cost of 
$3,000,000 for filters the probable cost of complete plans 
and estimates, on a 2 per cent basis, would be $60,000. It 
is not likely, in any event, that reliable plans could be 
prepared for less than $40,000. If the work is attempted 
it should be done in the best manner and the problems 
are of such a nature that they should receive the most 


163 


careful study possible by the best engineers in the Com- 
monwealth. 

It is not necessary, however, to begin this year the 
preparation of plans for filtration. The storage reservoirs 
are full. No water has been drawn from the South Sud- 
bury System for eleven years. The total consumption of 
water in 1921 in the Metropolitan Water District was less 
than in 1908 or 1909. 

The question of filtering portions of the Metropolitan 
water supply is interwoven with the other problems con- 
sidered by the State Department of Public Health and the 
Metropolitan District Commission, sitting jointly, and 
logically the question of filtration should go with the other 
problems which have already been referred to the next 
annual session. Otherwise, the Metropolitan District Com- 
mission might decide the various questions involved in a 
manner contrary to the opinion of the State Department of 
Public Health, in which event little progress will have been 
made. There is a wide difference of opinion among experts 
on the merits of various methods of filtration. 

It has been suggested that plans may be prepared for 
temporary or emergency filters and that the cost would be 
comparatively small, but it is to be assumed that the Leg- 
islature desires a real and not a makeshift solution of the 


problem of filtration. 
CHANNING H. COX. 


164 


VETOING A RESOLVE TO PAY TO THE WIDOW OF 
THE LATE REPRESENTATIVE WALTER S. HALE 
THE BALANCE OF THE SALARY TO WHICH HE 
WOULD HAVE BEEN ENTITLED FOR THE CUR- ~ 
RENT SESSION 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 10, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House 
Resolve No. 1736, entitled, ““Resolve providing for the 
Payment to the Widow of the Late Representative Walter 
S. Hale of the Balance of the Salary to which he would 
have been entitled for the Current Session.”’ 

Other measures with similar purpose have previously be- 
come law, but their constitutionality has been questioned. 
It is now apparent from an opinion rendered by the 
Attorney General, copy of which I am enclosing, that the 
present Resolve is unconstitutional. Special attention is 
directed to its concluding paragraph which is as follows: 


The present resolve directs that the balance of the salary to which 
a deceased member of the House would have been entitled had he lived 
shall be paid to his widow. It contains no statement of any public 
purpose to be furthered by such payment. Even if it were permissible 
to infer what the Legislature has not chosen to determine and declare, 
no public purpose appears by inference. The sum paid increases in pro- 
portion to the service which has not been rendered and diminishes in 
proportion to the service which has been rendered. A payment which is 
inversely as the service rendered can scarcely be intended as a reward 
for conspicuous and meritorious service. It does not appear, and I 
cannot believe, that a payment of unearned salary is intended to incul- 
cate loyalty and patriotism among the members of the House or to 
stimulate the citizens to volunteer for legislative service. These con- 
siderations compel the conclusion that the resolve authorizes a private 
gratuity rather than an expenditure for a public purpose. I am therefore 
constrained to advise you that in my opinion it is unconstitutional. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For the opinion of the Attorney General see House, No. 1778, of 1922. 


165 


RELATIVE TO GIVING THE GOVERNOR, WITH THE 
ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE COUNCIL, POWER 
TO APPOINT A FUEL ADMINISTRATOR 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 13th June, 1922. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


My attention has just been called to a meeting of the Fuel 
Administrator and his Advisory Committee held on yester- 
day, when it was the unanimous opinion of those present 
that the present coal strike emergency may develop a situa- 
tion where definite powers to regulate the distribution and 
price of coal will be necessary. 

The statute under which the Fuel Administrator is now 
acting, namely, chapter 343, Acts of 1922, is a continuance 
of the powers of chapter 325 of the Acts of 1921, which act 
specifically repealed the powers given to the Fuel Adminis- 
trator under the “‘ Defence of the Realm Act of 1917.” 

The Special Commission on the Necessaries of Life called 
this matter to the attention of the General Court in its report 
January, 1922, — House Document No. 1400, page 95, in 
its fifth recommendation under “Emergency Measures.” 


The period of post-war adjustment will be indefinite and there will 
be recurring dangers of sudden emergencies confronting the Common- 
wealth. The twice-threatened railroad strike and the unsettled trans- 
portation situation are good examples of these emergencies. Therefore 
the Commission recommends — 

That in a period of emergency, or threatened emergency, the Gov- 
ernor be authorized to appoint food, fuel and other administrators, 
with the advice and consent of the Executive Council. Should the 
necessity arise, these administrators ought to have definite power to 
act, similar to that provided in the Commonwealth Defence Act of 1917, 
which expired with the termination of the war. In order for such ad- 
ministrators to be effective it is necessary that pertinent food and fuel 
statistical data and general information be currently compiled by the 
proper State Department, and be available for immediate use. 


166 


No legislation has been passed in accordance with this 
recommendation. 

The Fuel Administrator as Chairman of the Commission 
on the Necessaries of Life has no power to control either price 
or distribution, nor the power to seize coal if necessary, and 
is limited to the use of moral suasion and publication of facts. 

In view of the possible emergency which might bring suf- 
fering to the people of the Commonwealth, it is recom- 
mended that legislation at this session be enacted, giving the 
Governor, with the advice and consent of the Executive 
Council, power to appoint a Fuel Administrator with definite 
power to act, similar to that provided in the Commonwealth 
Defence Act of 1917. 

CHANNING H. COX. 


167 


RELATIVE TO PARDONS 


ExeEcuTIvE DrparTMENT, Boston, January 8, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In accordance with the provisions of chapter 127, section 
152, of the General Laws, I transmit herewith a list of the 
pardons granted by me, with the advice and consent of the 


Council, during the year 1922. 
Of the five pardons granted, three were from the State 
Prison and two from Houses of Correction. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For description of pardons see Senate, No. 29, 1923. 


168 


SUBMITTING BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS 


Executive DErparTMENT, Boston, January 19, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


As required by the Constitution, I submit herewith budget 
recommendations for the current fiscal year showing the 
probably required expenditure of $43,267,708.39. The in- 
creased population in our institutions and the present high 
price of coal add about $600,000 to the cost of maintenance of 
the institutions as compared with last year. It has been 
necessary to include over $200,000 to meet the requirements 
of legislation passed in 1922. 

The item for highways has been largely increased. Due 
regard for the safety of the traveling public seems to make 
such a course necessary. ‘There probably will be seventy 
thousand more cars registered in this State in 1923 than in 
1922. Such increased use of the already congested highways 
compels the development of secondary routes and makes 
more evident the need of bringing to standard many sections 
of the present State highway system. 

The suggested program of improvements for our public in- 
stitutions, though smaller than last year, seems to meet rea- 
sonable requirements. 


STaTE DEpt 


During the past year the net direct debt of the Common- 
wealth has been reduced about $5,600,000, and leaves said 
debt at $23,712,611.74, the lowest figure since 1912. The 
contingent net debt was decreased by more than $1,500,000. 
It is earnestly urged that the “pay-as-you-go” policy be 
followed, and my recommendations for meeting the budget 
do not contemplate the issue of a single bond. The rigid 
adherence to such a policy during the past two years has 
made possible a reduction in the net direct debt of over 
$11,000,000 a record without parallel in the financial history 
of the Commonwealth. 


169 


REVENUES 


The estimated revenue for the general fund during the 
current year, with certain cash balances in the treasury at 
the beginning of the year, is about $12,000,000 less than the 
recommendations and reserves contained in this budget. 

I therefore recommend that a State tax not exceeding 
$12,000,000 be levied upon the cities and towns. This 
would be the same amount as was levied last year. The 
ever-increasing demands upon the General Court to broaden 
the functions and activities of government make the re- 
duction in the State tax largely dependent upon a more 
equitable distribution of taxation through the levying of 
special service taxes wherever possible. In keeping with 
this general principle I renew my recommendation of last 
year, — that legislation be passed fixing graduated fees 
upon banks and individuals supervised by the Division of 
Banks, to make this service more nearly self-supporting. 
In the consideration of this budget I recommend any 
change in law for the readjustment of taxes to make more 
equitable the burden of government. 

The present revenue from motor vehicle registration fees 
is barely sufficient to carry out a highway program which 
permits Massachusetts to derive the fullest benefit from 
Federal appropriation. In view of the increasing strain 
upon our avenues of transportation, fair dealing with 
future administrations seems to require increased revenue 
for highway construction and development. Again I urge 
consideration of. a tax upon gasoline used in road motor 
vehicles only, as it is evident that gasoline used for manu- 
facturing purposes or to propel motor boats is not fairly 
the subject of a tax for highways. 

The purpose of the Executive budget is to include in one 
plan and document all proposals for expenditure for the 
coming year. If anything is left out the picture is incom- 
plete. It has not been deemed wise to restrict members 
of the General Court in filing petitions and bills. There is 
one official loophole, however, which ought to be repaired 
at once. Each year the General Court provides for in- 


170 


vestigations by special committees or commissions or by 
regular State departments. These investigations often 
result in recommendations for large expenditures; for 
example, this year the Department of Health has recom- 
mended great changes in our method of dealing with the 
problem of tuberculosis. The Metropolitan District Com- 
mission has recommended the construction of the Old 
Colony Boulevard at an expense of several millions. A 
special commission has recommended a new traffic route 
from the Harvard Bridge to Somerville, at an expense of 
more than $2,000,000. The budget law should be amended 
so that all recommendations for expenditure by special 
commissions as well as by regular State departments. 
should be filed with the budget authorities on October 15, 
or else action upon such recommendations be postponed 
until the next regular session of the General Court. 

In order to hold the State tax to $12,000,000 the utmost. 
care on the part of the General Court must be exercised 
and real economy by all executive departments must be 
observed. Your careful scrutiny of the items recommended 
in this budget is earnestly desired. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For detail of budget recommendations see House, No. 1000, 1923. 
For legislation see Acts of 1923, chapter 126. 


171 


RELATIVE TO AUTHORIZING THE SEIZURE AND 
DESTRUCTION OF UNFIT COAL 


ExercuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, February 26, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The continuing shortage of anthracite coal and the at- 
tendant high price and difficulty of equitable distribution 
constitute the most pressing problem which immediately 
affects the people of the Commonwealth today. My recent 
inaugural message discussed the question at some length 
and expressed the hope of Federal legislation which would 
deal with coal at its source, by establishing a standard for 
coal and by preventing speculative resales. Since that time 
a Massachusetts representative in the Senate has introduced 
a bill to establish a standard for coal, and other Massachu- 
setts representatives have petitioned for legislation to pre- 
vent exportation to foreign countries. These measures have 
not however become laws. Massachusetts is helpless except 
as to coal which has actually reached the Commonwealth. 
The Emergency Fuel Committee, acting through the Emer- 
gency Fuel Administrator, has extended its organization 
throughout the State, and in every city and in practically all 
the towns there are local Fuel Administrators, who have 
done whatever possible to prevent profiteering and to ensure 
fair distribution to all consumers. These agents are giving 
their time without any compensation, and are doing what 
they can to relieve distress. 

The Fuel Administrator calls attention to a new phase of 
the situation which is becoming acute. More and more coal 
is being brought into Massachusetts which is unfit for ordi- 
nary use. No good citizen should be compelled to pay high 
prices for coal which will not burn. Legislation to prevent 
the sale of such impure coal in a time like this seems as fully 
justified as laws which prevent the sale of unfit food. The 


172 


Attorney General, as the result of various complaints of the 
sale of unfit coal has advised that there is not sufficient law 
at present to meet the situation adequately. 

I therefore recommend the enactment of legislation which 
will authorize the seizure and destruction of unfit coal, and 
which will make possible the prosecution of those who offer 
such coal for sale. Believing the need of such legislation to 
be urgent, and confident of your desire to give the people 
immediate necessary relief, I have asked the Attorney Gen- 
eral to draft a bill to accomplish these purposes. The bill 
prepared by the Attorney General is submitted herewith 
in the earnest hope that it may facilitate immediate action 
to meet an emergency. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


173 


VETOING A BILL PROVIDING THAT ASSISTANTS 
EMPLOYED BY CUSTODIANS OR JANITORS IN 
PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS OF THE CITY OF 
BOSTON BE EXEMPT FROM CIVIL SERVICE 
LAWS AND RULES 


ExeEcuTIvVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, March 10, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 673, entitled ““An Act Providing that Assistants em- 
ployed by Custodians or Janitors in Public School Buildings 
of the City of Boston be exempt from Civil Service Laws and 
Rules.” 

Such assistants are not now under Civil Service Laws and 
Rules, and from the nature of their employment cannot be 
made so. They are not public employees, but are employed, 
and paid, by the custodians or janitors. The number of 
such assistants varies from time to time, some being em- 
ployed for only a few hours each day, and for only a few 
weeks each year, depending upon the amount of work to be 
done. Since they are not public employees the legislation is 
unnecessary, and for that reason should be rejected. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


174 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL TO 
PROTECT WITNESSES UNDER THE AGE OF 
SEVENTEEN AT TRIALS FOR CERTAIN CRIMES 


EXEcUuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, March 24, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1219, entitled ““An Act to Protect Witnesses under the Age 
of Seventeen at Trials for Certain Crimes,” with the recom- 
mendation that it be amended as follows: 


In section sixteen A by striking out, in lines four and five, the words 
“crime involving moral turpitude”’ and inserting after the word “other’”’ 
the words “‘similar crimes”’, and by striking out in line eight, the word 
‘shall’? and inserting after the word “court” the word “‘may” so that 
section sixteen A shall read: — Section 16A. At the trial of a complaint 
or indictment for rape, incest, carnal abuse or other similar crimes, where 
a minor under seventeen years of age is the person upon or against whom 
the crime is alleged to have been committed, or at the trial of a com- 
plaint or indictment for bastardy, where the mother of the child whose 
maternity is in question is such a minor, the court may exclude the 
general public from the court-room, admitting only such persons as may 
have a direct interest in the case. 


The purpose of the measure as enacted is a worthy one, 
and should command general approval. The Attorney- 
General has at my request given the measure careful study 
and has grave doubts as to its constitutionality in the present 
form. The proposed bill is undoubtedly intended to be in 
the interest of public morals and for the protection of minors 
from the vulgar and obscene and from public degradation. 
The bill however goes further and would apply to all crimes 
involving moral turpitude. ‘“‘Moral turpitude”’ as legally 
defined includes everything done contrary to justice, honesty, 
modesty or good morals. 'To deny defendants the right of a 


175 


public trial in cases where the general welfare would in no 
way be promoted is too wide a departure from the general 
rule. A statute giving the presiding judge the discretion to 
exclude the public in cases where the general welfare would 
be promoted ought to be sufficient, and is evidently as far 
as the legislature may proceed within the constitutional 
limitation. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


176 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL 
AUTHORIZING DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS, VOL- 
UNTARY ASSOCIATIONS AND PARTNERSHIPS 
TO BECOME LIMITED MEMBERS OF CREDIT 
UNIONS | 


ExecuTivE DEeparTMENT, Boston, April 7, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1309, entitled ““An Act Authorizing Domestic Corporations, 
Voluntary Associations and Partnerships to become Limited 
Members of Credit Unions,”’ with the recommendation that 
the Bill be amended as follows: 


By striking out in line ten of section one the words “any member” 
and inserting therefor the words “all members.” 


The bill as amended would allow corporations, voluntary 
associations or partnerships to become members of a credit 
union, provided the total payments by all members of this 
class shall not exceed 25 per cent of the assets of the credit 
union. While it may be argued that credit unions were 
established for the purpose of promoting thrift and encourag- 
Ing saving among individual persons, it may be desirable, 
nevertheless, that corporations or voluntary associations 
composed of members who have some affiliation or particular 
interest in a credit union should make available for the use 
of the union some of their accumulated savings in order that 
the credit union might be of service to a larger number of 
worthy borrowers. 

A credit union, however, should not be called upon to 
make large payments unexpectedly, and they should be safe- 
guarded to the extent that not more than 25 per cent of their 
assets should be subject to the control of corporations or vol- 
untary associations which presumably would have deposited 
large sums in comparison with the other individual members 
of the union. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


177 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL 
FURTHER REGULATING THE RIGHT OF NON- 
RESIDENTS TO OPERATE MOTOR VEHICLES 


EXxeEcuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 5th May, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith Senate Bill No. 
325, entitled “An Act Further Regulating the Right of Non- 
residents to Operate Motor Vehicles within the Common- 
wealth,” with the recommendation that it be amended as 
follows: 


By adding at the end of section three A, — “provided, however, that 
such service shall not be sufficient unless notice that legal process has 
been served upon the registrar and a copy of such process are sent by 
the plaintiff to such non-resident by registered mail, postage prepaid, 
and the return receipt of such non-resident is obtained prior to the filing 
of the declaration.” 


The commendable purpose of this section is to enable 
residents of Massachusetts to recover judgment in our own 
courts for damage to person or property caused within this 
Commonwealth by automobiles operated by non-residents. 
The section in its present form, however, would permit such 
judgments to be obtained in some cases against non-residents 
who might have no notice of the existence of a suit against 
them. Although a car of a non-resident might be stolen and 
driven into this Commonwealth without knowledge of its 
owner, nevertheless, judgment might be obtained against 
such blameless non-resident while he never had any knowl- 
edge that he had been sued. It is of the utmost importance 
that full faith and credit be given judgments of Massachu- 
setts courts in the courts of other States, yet it is inconceiv- 
able that other States should be obliged to recognize a judg- 
ment when the person against whom it is rendered has never 


178 


had notice of the pendency of a suit against him. Such a 
policy would invite retaliatory legislation by other states, 
and our citizens in turn would be placed in an intolerable 
position. The suggested amendment would extend the 
rights of our citizens and give relief in a situation which ad- 
mittedly should be corrected, and yet accord fair dealing to 
non-residents by giving them actual notice and opportunity 
to defend suits brought against them. 
I also recommend the following amendment: 


In section three B, strike out the first and second sentences. 


This amendment to section 3 B would properly follow the 
suggested amendment to section 3 A. . 


CHANNING H. COX. 


179 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL RELA- 
TIVE TO THE BUILDING LAWS OF THE CITY 
OF BOSTON 


ExercutivE DrparTMENT, Boston, May 8, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments to 
the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1411, entitled “An Act Relative to the Building Laws of the 
City of Boston,” with the recommendation that it be 
amended as follows: 


By adding at the end of the second paragraph of section eight the 
following words “unless a permit to do so has been granted by the city 
of Boston prior to the first day of May, nineteen hundred and twenty- 
three,” so that said second paragraph as amended will read: 

No wooden building, within or without the building limits, shall be 
moved to any position within the building limits, unless a permit to do 
so has been granted by the city of Boston prior to the first day of May, 
nineteen hundred and twenty-three. 


Heretofore it has been possible to move wooden buildings 
within the building limits upon obtaining a permit to do so 
from the Building Commissioner of the city of Boston. 
Some permits to move buildings have already been granted; 
among them, one to the New England Baptist Hospital to 
move its present structure in order that a new one may be 
built in its place. Since the old building awaits merely the 
completion of the foundations to which it is to be moved, it 
seems equitable to exempt from the operation of a new law 
those who have acted in good faith. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


180 


VETOING A BILL TO ASCERTAIN THE WILL OF 
THE PEOPLE OF MASSACHUSETTS WITH REF- 
ERENCE TO THE REPEAL OF THE EIGHTEENTH 
AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 
UNITED STATES, ETC. 


ExercutivE DrpartmMENtT, Boston, May 9, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 1501, entitled “‘An Act to ascertain the Will of the People 
of Massachusetts with Reference to the Repeal of the Eigh- 
teenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States 
and to the Amendment of the Federal Statutory Provisions . 
for the Enforcement thereof.”’ 

The measure would submit to the voters of the Common- 
wealth at the next election the following questions: 


Shall the senators from this commonwealth and the representative 
in congress from this district be requested to support a constitutional 
amendment to repeal the eighteenth amendment to the constitution 
of the United States, known as the “prohibition”? amendment? 

Shall the senators from this commonwealth and the representative 
in congress from this district be requested to support amendments of 
the federal statute, known as the “Volstead act,’’ so changing its pro- 
visions, conformably to the eighteenth amendment to the constitution of 
the United States, as to permit the manufacture, transportation and 
sale, for beverage purposes, of beer, wine and other beverages contain- 
ing a greater percentage of alcohol than is at present permitted by said 
provisions? 


These questions have no bearing upon possible legislative 
action in Massachusetts, but seek merely an expression of 
opinion with reference to the Federal Constitution and a 
Federal statute. Massachusetts cannot alone effect a 
change in either. No substantial conclusion could be ac- 
complished as a result of action contemplated under the bill. 
The final result would be a futile expression of opinion. 


181 


The eighteenth amendment to the constitution of the 
United States, and commonly referred to as the “prohibi- 
tion’ amendment has been declared fully and finally adopted 
and is an integral part of that constitution, as much a part of 
it as any other provision which it contains. Those who feel 
that the constitution should be amended in any particular 
have a legal and proper method of procedure, and no legis- 
lation on the part of Massachusetts is needed to enlarge upon 
that method. 

While the proposed questions are clear, and free from am- 
biguity, the bill, nevertheless, assumes that the federal 
statute, commonly known as the “‘Volstead Act,’ may be 
legally amended so as to permit the sale of beer, wine, and 
other beverages containing a greater percentage of alcohol 
than is at present permitted. There is grave doubt whether 
such action could be taken without violation of the constitu- 
tional prohibition of the eighteenth amendment. No Repre- 
sentative of Congress from Massachusetts should be asked 
to do something which may be in violation of the constitu- 
tion which he has sworn to uphold. The answers to the 
questions asked in the bill might add further uncertainty and 
do nothing to clarify. 

The people of the congressional districts of Massachusetts 
have the opportunity of questioning their own representa- 
tives. They have the right to know where candidates seek- 
ing their support stand upon important issues. Prohibition 
is an important issue and any candidate for legislative office 
ought to take his position squarely on that issue. Invariably 
he does so and the election of a Congressman furnishes a far 
more direct expression of the people of a district than the 
perfunctory reply to two questions which must be answered 
“Yes: or“: No.” 

Whether a person approves the eighteenth amendment or 
not, whether he thinks the Volstead Act wise or absurd, he 
ought to stand squarely for the enforcement of the supreme 
law of the land. Our laws must be upheld by courts, officers, 
and the combined sentiment of good citizens. Without any 
consideration of the merits of prohibition, 1t may be safely 
affirmed that it is the duty of a responsible official not alone 
to uphold the law but to show respect for it. 


182 


Executive and legislative approval to the mere asking of 
the questions whether they should be continued would indi- 
cate doubt as to the wisdom of the eighteenth amendment 
and of the enforcement act. Such action, however well in- 
tentioned, would, I fear, give encouragement to violators of 
the law and bring discouragement to those charged with the 
responsibility of law enforcement. This I cannot do, and 
therefore withhold my approval of the bill presented to me. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


183 


RELATIVE TO THE FINAL REPORT OF THE MASSA- 
CHUSETTS EMERGENCY FUEL ADMINISTRA- 
TOR 


ExEcuTIvVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 17, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I transmit herewith the final report of the Massachusetts 
Emergency Fuel Administrator and chairman of the Massa- 
chusetts Emergency Fuel Committee, during the period from 
August 8, 1922, to April 30, 1923, and covering the adminis- 
trations of James J. Storrow and James J. Phelan, Esquires. 

An examination of the report will reveal the tremendous 
amount of work done to lessen the hardship attendant upon 
the diminished supply of anthracite coal in this Common- 
wealth last winter. 

The successful efforts of the Massachusetts Emergency 
Fuel Administrator and the members of the Emergency Fuel 
Committee, as well as the patriotic services of the local ad- 
ministrators, merit the gratitude of the citizens of the Com- 
monwealth. Their work represents nine months of sustained 
effort to obtain as much coal'as possible and to bring about 
its equitable distribution. ‘The reports of the local Fuel 
Administrators give assurance that distress was reduced to 
a minimum, and also testify to the general desire of local coal 
dealers to cooperate in a trying time. The Women’s Com- 
mittee likewise rendered splendid service. 

I call your attention to the recommendations of the Com- 
mittee, to be found on pages fourteen and fifteen of the re- 
port. 

The Emergency Fuel Administration is to be commended 
for the economical conduct of its affairs. ‘The Administrator 
and his principal assistants served the Commonwealth with- 
out compensation. The total expense as shown by the report 


184 


was $15,255.63, of which $10,905.28 was paid for compensa- 
tion of clerks, stenographers, telephone, telegraph, postage 
stamps, ete. It has come to my attention that the expense 
of a similar administration in another State for the same 


period was $312,491. 
CHANNING H. COX. 


185 


SUBMITTING SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET 
RECOMMENDATIONS 


Executive DrepartTmMENT, Boston, May 21, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In conformity with the Constitution which provides that 
“the Governor may at any time recommend to the general 
court supplementary budgets,” I herewith submit supple- 
mentary budget recommendations amounting to $1,144,- 
190.08, excluding those for the metropolitan districts. 

The sums recommended at this time include amounts made 
necessary by new legislation, and make allowance of $174,- 
141.21 for legislation now pending. 


REVENUE 


To provide for appropriations already made, and to cover 
the items contained in this budget, a State tax of $12,000,000 
will be required in addition to the ordinary revenues of the 
commonwealth. 

STATE PRINTING 


While the state printing contract does not expire until 
July first, 1924, the problem involved in printing and bind- 
ing for all departments of the Commonwealth is so important 
that action should-be taken by the General Court at this 
session. The expenditures for printing are now approxi- 
mately. $800,000 per year. 

It has been the policy in the past to delegate to a special 
commission authority for awarding a two to five years’ print- 
ing contract. Such commission has usually been compelled 
to act within a limited time. Printing is now subject to the 
control of the Commission on Administration and Finance, 
which has already effected large savings under the present 
contract for printing. Fortunately it seems evident that if 


186 


opportunity be given for a thorough study of the entire sub- 
ject, better terms still may be obtained. 

I therefore recommend that authority be granted at this 
session for the Commission on Administration and Finance, 
subject to the approval of the Governor and Council, to make 
a contract or contracts or other disposition of the printing 
and binding for the Commonwealth which will result to best 
advantage. 


TERMS OF CERTAIN Bonp ISSUES 


Chapter 360 of the Acts of the present year provides for 
the enlargement of the Harvard Square station of the Cam- 
bridge subway, and authorizes the issuance of certain bonds. 
As required by section 3 of Article LXII of Amendments to 
the Constitution, I reeommend that the term of bonds for 
this work be for fifty years. 

Chapter 365 of the acts of the present year provides for 
the completion by the Metropolitan District Commission 
of the Old Colony Boulevard, and authorizes an issue of 
bonds, not exceeding $1,675,000 for the purpose. As re- 
quired by the Constitution, I recommend that the term of 
these bonds be for twenty years. 

Chapter 366 of the acts of the present year provides for 
the construction of a section of boulevard as a part of Fur- 
nace Brook Parkway, and authorizes the issuance of bonds 
to an amount not exceeding $135,000. I recommend that 
the term of these bonds be for twenty years. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For detail of supplementary budget recommendations see House, No. 
1558 (unabridged). 
For legislation see Acts of 1923, chapter 494. 


187 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
AUTHORIZING THE CITY OF BOSTON TO PAY 
A SUM OF MONEY TO JOHN M. CHMIELINSKI 


ExEcuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 25, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments to 
the Constitution, I am returning herewith Senate Bill No. 
334, entitled ““An Act Authorizing the City of Boston to pay 
a Sum of Money to John M. Chmielinski,” with the recom- 
mendation that it be amended as follows: 


By inserting after the word “found” in the second line, the words 
“by the mayor and the council of the city of Boston (and approved by 
the finance commission of said city).”’ 


The bill in its present form is indefinite and there 1s legal 
doubt as to the proper tribunal to determine the amount of 
damages, if any, due. The suggested amendment will re- 
move such doubt. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


188 


VETOING A BILL AUTHORIZING THE CITY OF 
HOLYOKE TO PAY A SUM OF MONEY TO THE 
WIDOW OF THOMAS E. POWERS 


Executive DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 25, 1923. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 

I am returning herewith, without my approval, House 
Bill No. 1046, entitled ““An Act Authorizing the City of 
Holyoke to pay a Sum of Money to the Widow of Thomas 
E. Powers.” 

I am advised by the Attorney General that the bill, if 
enacted, would be unconstitutional. 

I enclose herewith the opinion rendered to me by the 


Attorney General. 
CHANNING H. COX. 


For opinion of Attorney General see Senate, No. 410. 


189 


RELATIVE TO PARDONS 


Executive DrepartTMENT, Boston, January 3, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I have the honor to present herewith, in compliance with 
chapter 127, section 152, of the General Laws, a report of the 
two pardons issued by the Governor, with the advice of the 
Council, during the year of my administration just closed. 

Of the number thus released, both were in the State Prison. 
Serious illness was the controlling reason for the release of 
one. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For description of pardons see Senate, No. 76, 1924. 


190 


SUBMITTING BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS 


ExrcuTivE DrparRTMENT, Boston, January 17, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


As required by the Constitution, I submit herewith budget 
recommendations for the current fiscal year in which pro- 
vision is made for the total expenditure of $41,853,069.76. 
The estimated revenue for the current year together with 
certain available cash balances in the treasury at the begin- 
ning of this year is $33,201,087.09, or $8,651,982.67 less than 
the expenditures that now seem necessary. J recommend 
that this deficit plus such other sums, not to exceed $1,348,- 
017.33, as may be appropriated during the legislative session 
be met by levying upon the cities and towns a general State 
tax of not more than $10,000,000 in any event. Such a 
State tax would be the lowest levied since 1916, prior to the 
entry of the United States into the World War. It is within 
your power to make a lower tax possible. 

The departmental requests for appropriations added to 
those required by existing law amount to $49,950,924.28. 
In order to reduce my budget recommendations to $41,853,- 
069.76 it has been necessary to eliminate many expenditures 
earnestly requested. During the past three years a liberal 
policy of expenditure has been followed. Equitable adjust- 
ments of salaries and wage increases have been made. Large 
outlays have been made for additions and improvements to 
our institutions, and state undertakings have been generally 
extended. Those who would derive special benefit from 
liberal State expenditures have received generous considera- 
tion. It has therefore seemed peculiarly fitting that this 
year those who pay the taxes should receive first and sympa- 
thetic consideration. It is desirable to relieve our citizens 
from the burdens of unnecessary taxes at all times. Our 
efforts in this direction should be redoubled this year owing 


LoL 


to the unfortunate situation which compelled the imposition 
of special income and corporation taxes last year in order to 
raise $3,000,000 revenue with which to settle claims of 
double that amount for national bank taxes collected under 
a method declared to be unconstitutional. The special poll 
tax levied for the past four years to provide payments to 
those who served in the World War has expired by its own 
limitation. This relief accompanied by a straight reduction 
of $2,000,000 in the State tax will, I am confident, be cor- 
dially welcomed by our citizens. In order to accomplish 
such reduction and if possible to reduce the State tax below 
$10,000,000 I urge the most careful study of all the items in 
this budget, and I urge that you approach that study from 
the taxpayer’s point of view. The General Court of 1924 
will deserve to be held in gratitude by the people of Massa- 
chusetts if it makes notable progress in reducing taxation 
which is a burden upon every inhabitant, every home, and 
every gainful occupation in which our people engage. Exces- 
sive taxes drive accumulated savings to seek investments in 
tax exempt securities, and thereby retard our progress and 
development and general prosperity. 

It has been necessary to increase the items for some depart- 
ments as compared with last year. There will be a biennial 
election this year, and the Secretary of the Commonwealth 
requires $275,000 more than in 1923 for that purpose. En- 
larged use of our highways makes necessary an increase of 
about $500,000 for the functions of the Highway Division of 
the Department of Public Works. The revenue from motor 
vehicle fees has been estimated upon the expectation that 
registration of motor vehicles will continue in 1924 to show 
the same rate of increase as in 1923. ‘To enable the Highway 
Division to carry out the provisions of chapter 518 of 1922, 
I recommend such legislation as may be necessary to provide 
funds for the expenses of the work authorized by said 
chapter. 

The maintenance for nearly all of our departments is esti- 
mated to be less than in 1923. Great savings have been 
made in printing costs. Important savings are expected 
both in the purchase and consumption of coal, and the items 


192 


included for the purchase of coal are estimated to be sufficient 
to furnish an adequate supply for all the institutions until 
April 1, 1925. Other economies have been effected, and 
continuing study will be given to standardization and other 
proper means of reducing expenditures and effecting further 
reductions of taxes. 

Necessary projects for improving and enlarging our institu- 
tions have been recommended. It was found impossible in 
several instances last summer to let contracts for public 
buildings within the appropriations made last year. Some of 
these appropriations are being supplemented in this budget. 
More money is therefore available for building than the total 
recommendations of this year show. Costs of construction 
are now extremely high, and it does not appear prudent to 
provide for more than the reasonably immediate necessities. 

In the past considerable sums have been expended for pre- 
liminary plans and estimates of buildings in cases where no 
appropriation was later made for carrying out the project. 
To prevent such waste, I recommend that section 7 of chap- 
ter 29 of the General Laws be amended so that approval of 
the Governor and Council must be obtained before any ex- 
pense is incurred for such purpose. 


ADDITIONAL REVENUE 


Legislation to carry out the suggestions for additional 
revenue contained in the report of the Budget Commissioner 
transmitted with this message is recommended. 


State Drpt 


This budget provides $1,416,866.25 for sinking fund re- 
quirements and for paying certain serial bonds falling due 
this fiscal year. Such reduction plus increases in sinking 
funds from income from investments in 1924 would leave the 
net direct debt on November 30, 1924, at the lowest amount 
since 1908. Interest requirements this year are $250,000 less 
than last year, clearly showing the benefit of a pay-as-you-go 
policy. I most earnestly urge a continuance of the policy of 
the past three years and that no state bond issue whatsoever 
be authorized. 


193 


I believe that the financial policy herein presented is 
sound and meets the proper requirements of the Common- 
wealth for the fiscal year. In large measure it reflects the 
courage and devotion of men called into the public service 
against their own wishes, and who have labored diligently 
and successfully to protect the public against the mounting 
cost of transacting the Commonwealth’s business. I refer 
to the members of the Commission on Administration and 
Finance and their associates. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For details of budget recommendations see House, No. 1100, 1924. 
For legislation see Acts of 1924, chapter 126. 


194 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
RELATING TO CERTAIN MEETINGS IN THE 
TOWN OF FLORIDA 


ExecuTivE DEepartMENT, Boston, 22nd January, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
647, entitled “An Act relating to Certain Town Meetings in 
the Town of Florida,’’ with the recommendation that it be 
amended as follows: 

By striking out section 1 and substituting therefor the 
following: 


Section 1. All votes and all action taken at the annual town meeting 
of the inhabitants of the town of Florida held February fifth, nineteen 
hundred and twenty-three, and the meeting of the inhabitants of said 
town held November twenty-fourth, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, 
shall no longer continue in force and effect. 


And also to comply with the foregoing, section 2 should 
be amended by inserting after the word “office” in the fifth 
line the following: — “‘if and so far as invalid,’ — so as to 
read as follows: 


SEcTION 2. The acts of the persons purporting to hold office in said 
town by virtue of the action taken at said meeting of February fifth, 
nineteen hundred and twenty-three, which were performed in course of 
the duties of such office, if and so far as invalid, are hereby confirmed and 
made valid to the same extent as if said persons had been legal officers 
of said town, notwithstanding the provisions of section one. 


The Attorney General has advised that in his opinion 
section 1 of the bill as it now stands, if enacted, would be 
unconstitutional. ‘To declare town meetings and the action 
taken thereat “null and void” is to declare such meetings 
to be illegal. Whether such meetings and action were illegal 


195 


is a judicial question, calling for a judicial determination. 
Article XXX of the Declaration of Rights of the Constitu- 
tion provides in part that “the legislative department shall 
never exercise the. . . judicial powers.” 

In order that the question of constitutionality may be 
avoided and that there be no defect in the form of the bill, 
I recommend the adoption of the amendments submitted by 
the Attorney General. 

CHANNING H. COX. 


196 


RELATIVE TO AN INVESTIGATION OF THE 
GASOLINE INDUSTRY 


ExercutIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 31st January, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The recent advances in the price of gasoline, at a time of 
year when it is least used, is of direct concern to the great 
body of our citizens. 

For the reason that gasoline is not one of the necessaries 
of life, although it is so commonly used that it has bearing 
upon the cost of many of those necessaries, the Special Com- 
mission on Necessaries of Life reports that it has not sufficient 
authority to investigate the condition of the gasoline industry 
and the increases in price. 

The Attorney General in his annual report, afiee calling 
attention to the effort of the National Association of At- 
torneys General to investigate the alleged price manipulation 
of petroleum and its products, recommends consideration by 
the Legislature of the advisability of broadening the author- 
ity of the Commission on the Necessaries of Life, so that it 
may inquire into all matters relating to the production, trans- 
portation, distribution and sale of gasoline and refined petro- 
leum products, and into all facts and circumstances relating 
to the cost of production, wholesale and retail prices, and the 
methods pursued in the conduct of the business of any per- 
sons, firms or corporations engaged in the production, trans- 
portation or sale of gasoline and refined petroleum products. 

In view of the situation which confronts our citizens at the 
present time, I urge the immediate adoption of the recom- 
mendations made by the Attorney General and that the 
Special Commission on Necessaries of Life be given authority 
to start at once an investigation of the condition of the gaso- 
line industry. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


197 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
AUTHORIZING THE APPOINTMENT AS SPECIAL 
POLICE OFFICERS OF AGENTS OF THE ANIMAL 
RESCUE LEAGUE OF BOSTON AND OF THE 
BOSTON WORK HORSE RELIEF ASSOCIATION 


Executive Department, Boston, March 14, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1051, entitled “‘An Act Authorizing the Appointment as_ 
Special Police Officers of Agents of the Animal Rescue League 
ot Boston and of the Boston Work Horse Relief Association,”’ 
with the recommendation that it be amended as follows: 

By striking out section ten and substituting therefor the 
following: 

SEcTION 10. The Commissioner may appoint, at the request of the 
Massachusetts. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the 
Animal Rescue League of Boston or the Boston Work Horse Relief 
Association, duly accredited agents of the corporation so requesting as 
special police officers to serve for one year, subject to removal by the 
commissioner, who may require such special police officers to report to 
him on their acts at such times and in such manner as he may require. 
Such officers shall serve without pay, except their regular compensation 
as agents of said corporations. They shall receive no fees for services or 
return of any criminal process and shall have throughout the common- 
wealth the powers of constables and police officers to arrest and detain 
any person violating any law for the prevention of cruelty to animals. 


Prior to the enactment of chapter 350 of the Acts of 1919, 
which consolidated various state departments, the members 
of the Massachusetts District Police were appointed by the 
Governor and when it seemed advisable to designate as 
special police officers certain agents of the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals the power of appointment 
was entrusted to the Governor, and later the same power was 


198 


given to the Governor with reference to the appointment. of 
certain agents of the Animal Rescue League of Boston. 

It seems proper that certain agents of the Boston Work 
Horse Relief Association should be constituted as special 
police officers for the prevention of cruelty to animals. 

It seems advisable, however, that the Commissioner of 
Public Safety should appoint these special officers as he now 
has the power to appoint the members of the regular state 
police officers and that he should have supervision over them 
so that there may be no possibility of misunderstanding on 
the part of the public in matters which may be characterized 
as state police acts. 

I therefore recommend that the present act be amended as 
herein suggested. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


199 


RELATIVE TO AUTHORIZING THE DEPARTMENT 
OF MENTAL DISEASES TO ISSUE LICENSES TO 
INSTITUTIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE UNITED 
STATES GOVERNMENT 


Executive DrpartTMENt,: Boston, March 18, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The Commissioner of Mental Diseases calls attention that 
the United States Veterans Bureau will, in the near future, 
open a new institution at Northampton for the care and 
treatment of nervous and mental cases. Inquiry has already 
been made to ascertain whether the Department of Mental 
Diseases will issue a license to the physician in charge of this 
Government hospital. 

The Veterans Bureau cannot successfully administer this 
institution caring for mental cases unless, when necessary, 
patients may be committed to its care by a court. The De- 
partment has limited authority under section 33, chapter 
123, General Laws, to issue a license to a properly qualified 
physician who is a psychiatrist to maintain a private insti- 
tution. The new Veterans’ Hospital at Northampton, a 
government institution, cannot be properly classified as a 
private institution, and I therefore recommend that legisla- 
tion be enacted giving the Department of Mental Diseases 
authority to issue licenses to institutions ee by the 
United States government. 

A draft of a bill prepared by the Department of Mental 
Diseases to meet this situation is presented herewith. 

If this proposed legislation meets with your approval, an 
emergency preamble should be attached, so that there may 
be authority to permit the opening of the new Northampton 
institution when completed. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For bill presented with message see House, No. 1461, 1924. 


200 


VETOING A BILL RELATIVE TO THE KEEPING OF 
GASOLINE AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE FLUIDS 
IN BUILDINGS USED FOR HOUSING FIRE AND 
POLICE APPARATUS 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, March 22, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 501, entitled ““An Act Relative to the Keeping of Gaso- 
line and Other Inflammable Fluids in Buildings used for 
Housing Fire and Police Apparatus throughout the Com- 
monwealth.”’ 

The purpose of this bill is to exempt from present State 
supervision those buildings used by local fire and police de- 
partments for housing gasoline motor apparatus or vehicles. 

The State Fire Marshal reports that several municipalities 
have not completed the changes necessary to insure safety 
in buildings of second and third-class construction used for 
housing their motor fire apparatus. Wooden floors with 
vertical openings are retained in the story, above the appa- 
ratus, where firemen are compelled to sleep. This bill would 
permit the continuance of such conditions indefinitely. 

It would also permit the construction and reconstruction 
of police stations in which gasoline motor vehicles are housed 
without State supervision. It is of the utmost importance 
that such buildings be properly constructed to insure the 
safety of court rooms, which are often connected therewith, 
and also to insure the safety of prisoners who are frequently 
confined in cells within the same buildings. 

Towns are gradually adopting gasoline motor fire appa- 
ratus, and in some instances they have sought to keep such 
apparatus in the basements of town halls of third-class build- 
ing construction, although such halls are used for business 
purposes, as places of assembly and for keeping valuable 


201 


town records. There can be no argument as to the necessity 
of proper construction to guard against the danger of fire in 
such places. 

Less than two months ago, a State fire inspector, having 
occasion to visit a fire department’s quarters in a town, 
found that there was a public meeting being held in a room 
where two pieces of gasoline motor apparatus were kept. 
One of these vehicles was absent at a fire when he arrived, 
but it was soon returned, backed into the room and left stand- 
ing within six feet of a coal stove glowing with heat. The 
other vehicle containing gasoline stood within ten feet of the 
stove. The building had been rented by the town for the use 
of the fire department but the other end of the same wooden 
building, separated by a wooden partition only, was occupied 
by two families. The present bill would make the Depart- 
ment of Public Safety powerless to act in remedying such a 
condition. 

When so many of the cities and towns have complied with 
the present safety regulations, there is no logic in relieving 
reluctant cities and towns from the responsibility of comply- 
ing with reasonable safety measures. It is not sound policy 
that such towns and cities collectively should be allowed im- 
munity from an obligation imposed upon their individual 
property owners. The present State regulations for con- 
struction of buildings where gasoline motor vehicles are 
housed have been reasonably administered by the Depart- 
ment of Public Safety, and its authority to compel reasonable 
precautionary measures designed to insure the safety of life 
and property should not be abridged. Buildings used by fire 
or police departments, where human beings live temporarily 
or where they congregate, should be subject to as rigid regu- 
lations as buildings privately owned and similarly occupied 
by human beings. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


202 


RELATIVE TO ENACTING LEGISLATION TO SAFE- 
GUARD HORSES AND MULES 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, March 27, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


A recent fire, taking a toll of forty-eight horses, following 
a fire last July when eighty-two horses were burned to death, 
has called attention in a most striking way to the need of 
doing everything possible to insure their safety. 

The question of further protecting stables from fires has 
been recently referred to the next General Court. Iam sure, 
however, that you will welcome the opportunity to study the 
question again and find, if possible, some efficient and practi- 
cal way of protecting horses, the faithful servitors of men. 
Wholly apart from any question of economic loss, it is revolt- 
ing to our sense of justice to hitch horses in places where in 
case of fire they must await agonizing deaths with no oppor- 
tunity of escape. It is not fair treatment of man’s noble 
friend who has contributed so vastly to his convenience and 
happiness. 

I therefore recommend further study and the enactment of 
legislation during this session which may offer every reason- 
able safeguard to horses and mules. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


203 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
ESTABLISHING A MATERNAL AND CHILD WEL- 
FARE COMMISSION IN THE CITY OF FALL 
RIVER 


ExercuTivE DEPARTMENT, Boston, April 4, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1472, entitled “‘An Act establishing a Maternal and Child 
Welfare Commission in the City of Fall River,” with the 
recommendation that it be amended as follows: 


By striking out in section four the words “‘This act shall take effect 
upon its passage,” and substituting the following: “This act shall take 
effect upon its acceptance by vote of the city council of said city, subject 
to the provisions of its charter; provided, that such acceptance occurs prior 
to December first in the current year.” 


The bill in question is a special act applying only to the 
city of Fall River, and would create immediately in that city 
a Maternal and Child Welfare Commission. However com- 
mendable the creation of such a commission may be, the resi- 
dents of the city of Fall River, who would enjoy the benefits 
and pay the expenses of such a commission, should be allowed 
to determine the necessity of such an undertaking. At the 
last session of the General Court, an act almost identical in 
terms, establishing a Maternal and Child Welfare Commis- 
sion in the city of Holyoke, was conditioned upon its accept- 
ance by the city council of that city. The policy followed 
during the past three years of submitting to municipalities 
the acceptance of special acts which involve expense, should 
not be departed from in this instance. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


204 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL TO 
ANNEX A PART OF THE TOWN OF SHERBORN 
TO THE TOWN OF FRAMINGHAM 


ExecutivE DEparTMENT, Boston, 8th April, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1517, entitled “‘An Act to annex a Part of the Town of Sher- 
born to the Town of Framingham,” with the recommenda- 
tion that it be amended as follows: 


By striking out in section eight the words “and the selectmen and 
treasurer of the town of Framingham, thereto empowered hereby, shall, 
at the request of said board, borrow, on notes or bonds of the town drawn 
in compliance with the laws applicable to raising loans for water service 
extension by the town of Framingham, such sum or sums as said board 
certifies to them in writing to be necessary to defray the cost of such 
installation” and insert in the place thereof, ‘and said town of Framingham 
may, for the purpose of defraying the cost of such installation, borrow 
such sum or sums as may be necessary under authority of law authorizing 
said town to borrow for the water supply system of the town of Framing- 
ham.” 


Section 8 as it now stands would order the town of Fram- 
ingham, by its Board of Public Works, within one year after 
the date on which this act takes effect, to install in the terri- 
tory annexed by this act one mile of water main of adequate 
size for the supply of municipal water to such territory, and it 
would compel the selectmen and treasurer of the town of 
Framingham, at the request of its Board of Public Works, 
to borrow on notes or bonds of the town such sums as said 
board certifies to be necessary to defray the cost of such in- 
stallation. Such legislation would take away power from 
the town meeting which ought not to be delegated, and place 
the complete control of a bond issue in the hands of a single 
board. This would represent a grant of power to a particu- 


205 


lar town board not hitherto given, and would be an unwise 
departure from sound policy. 

The General Court has made notable progress during the 
present session in shortening the terms of bonds for public 
improvements, and has, in each instance, required a direct 
contribution from the tax levy toward the cost of such im- 
provement. The town of Framingham should use any 
revenue now available for water main extension, rather than 
be compelled to borrow and issue bonds, whether necessary 
or not, as directed in the present bill. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


206 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A_ BILL 
RELATIVE TO THE REGULATION OF COASTING 
ON THE PUBLIC WAYS 


ExrcuTivE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 12th April, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments to 
the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1369, entitled “An Act relative to the Regulation of Coasting 
on Public Ways,’ with the recommendation that it be 
amended as follows: 


By striking out the word “restrict”? and substituting therefor the word 
“Tegulate,”’ and also by striking out the last six words “‘during some por- 
tion of each day,” so that the proposed act shall read as follows: 

Selectmen in towns, and the aldermen or other board or officer having 
charge of ways in cities, may, by regulation, designate certain ways or 
parts of ways, other than state highways, upon which, and the hours 
during which, coasting may be permitted, and may in like manner regulate 
the use of such ways by vehicles during such hours; provided, that such 
regulations shall not prevent access by vehicles to premises abutting upon 
such ways. 


The bill as presented authorizes towns and cities to restrict 
the use of public ways by vehicles during certain hours for the 
purpose of permitting coasting. It contemplates restrictions 
of travel upon public ways which in the opinion of the Attor- 
ney General would impair the constitutional immunities of 
abutting owners. The adoption of the suggested amend- 
ment would in the opinion of the Attorney General remove 
the doubt as to the constitutionality of the proposed act. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


207 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A RESOLVE 
AUTHORIZING THE COMPLETION OF THE 
DRAWINGS FOR A REPORT ON THE BIRDS OF 
THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PUBLICATION 
AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE FIRST VOLUME 
OF SAID REPORT 


Executive DrprartTMENT, Boston, 24th April, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments to 
the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Resolve 
No. 98, entitled a “Resolve authorizing the Completion of 
the Drawings for a Report on the Birds of the Common- 
wealth and the Publication and Distribution of the First 
Volume of Said Report,” with the recommendation that it be 
amended as follows: 


By striking out after the word “‘printed’’ in the fourth line the words 
“under its direction.” 

By striking out after the word “direction” in the thirteenth line the 
words “‘of the Commissioner of Agriculture” and inserting in place thereof 
the words “‘of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.” 


The resolve authorizes the Department of Agriculture to 
complete the drawings for the report on the birds of Massa- 
chusetts and provides for printing them when completed. 
There is no reason for directing this printing to be done in 
any different manner than the general printing of the Com- 
monwealth. The other printing of the Commonwealth is by 
general law placed under the direction of the Department of 
Administration and Finance, and the amendment suggested 
would place the printing under the direction of that Depart- 
ment. 

The resolve further provides that the copies of the vol- 
umes authorized under the resolve shall be sold under the 
direction of the Commissioner of Agriculture. All of the 


208 


other publications of the Commonwealth are sold under the 
direction of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, who has 
established an efficient staff for that purpose. There is no 
reason for departure from the general State policy with re- 
spect to bird books, and the amendment would place the 
responsibility for the sale of such books where it rightly 
belongs, — in the department of the Secretary of the Com- 
monwealth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


209 


VETOING A BILL ESTABLISHING THE PENSION OF 
MICHAEL BIRMINGHAM FORMERLY A MEMBER 
OF THE FIRE ALARM AND POLICE SIGNAL 
SERVICE OF THE CITY OF BOSTON 


Executive DEPARTMENT, Boston, 29th April, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval Senate Bill 
No. 381, entitled “An Act establishing the Pension of 
Michael Birmingham formerly a Member of the Fire Alarm 
and Police Signal Service of the City of Boston.” 

Michael Birmingham was retired from service with half 
pay by chapter 261 of the Special Acts of 1917. The present 
bill seeks to increase that pension allowance from one-half 
to two-thirds the compensation drawn by him as a member 
of the police signal service branch of the Police Department 
of the City of Boston when he left the service. 

There are forty-nine persons on the police pension roll who 
receive a retirement allowance of $600 per annum, the same 
as Mr. Birmingham, and to increase the amount allowed him 
over the others seems to be manifestly unfair and establishes 
a bad precedent. 

Further, from information received from the Police De- 
partment of the City of Boston, there is no record or knowl- 
edge of injuries having been received by Michael Birmingham 
while in that branch of the service. 

Further, from testimony given today before the Finance 
Commission of the City of Boston, it appears that Mr. Bir- 
mingham has had work in four different places since he was 
pensioned in 1917, and that he worked as late as last fall. 

It further appears that Mr. Birmingham has two unmar- 
ried daughters and three unmarried sons, all over twenty-one 
years of age, and living in his home. 

Under such circumstances there does not seem to be occa- 
sion for special legislation to give one individual a preference 
over forty-nine others retired under similar circumstances. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


210 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A _ BILL 
EXTENDING THE TERM OF SERVICE OF THE 
SPECIAL COMMISSION ON THE NECESSARIES 
OF LIFE, AND VESTING IT WITH CERTAIN POW- 
ERS IN THE EVENT OF A FUEL EMERGENCY 


ExercuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 29th April, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith Senate Act No. 
454, entitled ““An Act extending the Term of Service of the 
Special Commission on the Necessaries of Life, and vesting 
it with Certain Powers in the Event of a Fuel Emergency,” 
with the recommendation that it be amended as follows: 


By striking out in sections one and three the words “nineteen hundred 
and twenty-eight”’ and substituting therefor the words “‘nineteen hundred 
and twenty-five.” 


The act without amendment would extend the powers of 
the Special Commission on the Necessaries of Life for a fur- 
ther term of four years from May 1, 1924. The purpose of 
the amendment herein recommended is to extend the powers 
of that commission one year from May 1, 1924. 

The Commission on the Necessaries of Life was established 
by chapter 341, General Acts of 1919, for a period of one year 
from August 1, 1919. The commission’s term of service was 
extended by special act to March 1, 1921, again extended by 
special act to May 1, 1922, again extended by special act to 
May 1, 1923, and again extended by special act to May 1, 
1924. 

The creation and continuance of the commission was for 
the purpose chiefly of administering certain laws passed to 
relieve the emergency occasioned by the extreme shortage of 
housing conditions. ‘These laws by chapter 72 of the Acts 
of 1924 have been continued in force until May 1, 1925. 
The special commission is conducting certain other investiga- 


211 


tions as directed by the General Court, and that work should 
be completed. 

The Constitution, however, provides that “the executive 
and administrative work of the Commonwealth shall be or- 
ganized in not more than twenty departments, in one of 
which every executive and administrative office, board and 
commission, except those officers serving directly under the 
Governor or the Council, shall be placed.” 

The continuance of the special commission since 1919 by 
special yearly enactments is an evasion of that constitutional 
provision which can be justified only on the ground of a con- 
tinuing emergency. ‘The proposal to continue such a special 
commission four years, with no certainty of an emergency, 
seems a Clear violation of the letter as well as the spirit of the 
Constitution, and cannot be approved. 

The present term of the special commission expires May 
1, 1924, and if there is any necessary delay in consideration 
of the amendment proposed herein, the act should be further 
amended by adding another section providing that the act 
shall take effect as of May 1, 1924. 

If it is deemed wise to provide for the permanent continu- 
ance of work similar to that undertaken by the Special Com- 
mission on Necessaries of Life and to have it continued in a 
practical and economical way that is not open to question, 
the powers and duties given to the special commission could 
be transferred to the Department of the Attorney General 
or to the Department of Labor and Industries. <A transfer 
to the latter department would eliminate much duplication 
of endeavor, as that department already has a Division of 
Statistics, a Division of Standards, a complete investigating 
and inspection force, as well as an attorney. 

While the present special commission has expended more 
than $126,000, which has been paid by the people of the 
whole State, the people of the Metropolitan District have 
been the chief beneficiaries of whatever desirable has been 
accomplished by the commission. A transfer of its powers 
to a permanent State board would undoubtedly .extend the 
scope of its work for the benefit of the people of the Com- 
monwealth more generally. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


212 


VETOING A BILL AUTHORIZING THE CITY OF 
BOSTON TO PAY A SUM OF MONEY TO JOHN 
CURRAN 


ExercuTIvE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 29th April, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. ' 


I am returning herewith without my approval Senate Bill 
No. 437, entitled “An Act authorizing the City of Boston 
to pay a Sum of Money to John Curran.” 

The bill authorizes the city of Boston to pay John Curran 
a sum of money for injuries alleged to have been sustained 
in the course of his employment in the Public Works Depart- 
ment of the City of Boston, which accident is alleged to have 
taken place in February, 1913, more than eleven years ago. 

The beneficiary of the bill in question is still employed in 
the Public Works Department of Boston. Inquiry from 
the clerk in the Public Works Department, in charge of the 
record of accidents to city employees, reveals that there is 
no record in said department during the years 1913 and 1914 
at City Hall which shows that an injury had been reported 
to that department by John Curran. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


213 


RECOMMENDING THE ENACTMENT OF LEGISLA- 
TION TO ENABLE THE TRUSTEES OF THE 
MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL FOR FEEBLE-MINDED 
AND THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT COM- 
MISSION TO ARRANGE FOR TAKING WATER 
FROM THE METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY 


Executive Department, Boston, May 1, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


The Commissioner of Mental Diseases has called attention 
to the fact that the new metropolitan water main being laid 
by the Metropolitan District Commission passes the en- 
trance of the Massachusetts School for the Feeble-minded. 

It is the desire of the Department of Mental Diseases to 
have the school supplied with water from the metropolitan 
main, in order that the expense and work of pumping water 
may be eliminated, and that the institution may be given 
the fire protection of an unlimited volume of water with high 
pressure. 

I therefore recommend that legislation be enacted which 
may enable the Trustees of the Massachusetts School for the 
Feeble-minded and the Metropolitan District Commission 
to make such an arrangement. For your consideration a 
draft of legislation is attached hereto, similar in form to 
chapter 500 of the Acts of 1906, passed to meet a similar 
situation. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For draft of legislation see House, No. 1695, 1924. 


214 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL 
RELATIVE TO PAYMENTS TO THE FAMILIES 
OF POLICEMEN KILLED, OR DYING FROM IN- 
JURIES RECEIVED WHILE ON DUTY 


ExercutivE DEeparTMENT, Boston, May 12, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1665, entitled ‘““An Act relative to Payments to the Families 
of Policemen killed, or dying from Injuries received, while on 
Duty,” with the recommendation that it be amended as 
follows: 

By adding after the word “widow” in the thirteenth line 
the following: 


‘‘and if there is no widow or minor child to the use of the next of kin, if 
dependent upon such deceased person for support.” 


The purpose of the amendment is to give to the dependent 
relatives of unmarried police officers who are killed or die 
from injuries received while in the performance of their duty 
the same financial protection as dependents of married police 
officers. 

The Police Commissioner of the City of Boston in his 
annual report calls attention to the necessity of such legisla- 
tion, and has recently called my attention to two cases of 
unmarried police officers dying as a result of injuries and 
leaving dependent next of kin. There does not seem to be 
justification for the discrimination permitted in the bill as it 
now stands. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


215 


SUBMITTING SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET 
RECOMMENDATIONS 


ExrcuTIvE DrparTMENT, Boston, May 21, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


In conformity with the Constitution which provides that 
“the Governor may at any time recommend to the general 
court supplementary budgets,” I submit herewith supple- 
mentary budget recommendations amounting to $1,015,- 
292.44, excluding those for the metropolitan districts. 

The sums recommended at this time include amounts 
made necessary by new legislation and make allowance of 
$254,002.80 for legislation now pending and for additional 
departmental requests. 


REVENUE 


To provide for appropriations already made, and to cover 
the items contained in this budget, a State tax of $10,0000,00 
will be required in addition to the ordinary revenues of the 
Commonwealth. Since the additional departmental re- 
quests and the total of special appropriations called for in the 
legislative measures still pending greatly exceed the sum of 
$254,002.80, reserved herein for such purposes, it is evident 
that all those measures which do not meet the test of abso- 
lute necessity must be deferred, or it will be impossible to 
hold the State tax at the desired figure of $10,000,000. 

I renew the recommendation in my original budget that 
section 7 of chapter 29 of the General Laws be amended so 
that approval of the Governor and Council must be obtained 
before any expense is incurred by departments for prelimi- 
nary plans and estimates of buildings for which appropria- 
tions are to be asked. 


216 


TERMS OF CERTAIN Bonp IssuEs 


Chapter 116 of the acts of the present year provides for 
the construction of additional sewers in the north metropoli- 
tan sewerage district, and authorizes the issuance of certain 
bonds. As required by section 3 of Article LXITI of Amend- 
ments to the Constitution, I recommend that the term of 
bonds for this work be for ten years. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


For details of recommendations see House, No. 1784, 1924. 
For legislation see Acts of 1924, chapter 510. 


217 


VETOING A BILL INCREASING THE SALARIES OF 
THE REGISTERS OF DEEDS AND ASSISTANT 
RECORDERS OF THE LAND COURT FOR THE 
NORTHERN, SOUTHERN AND FALL RIVER 
DISTRICTS OF BRISTOL COUNTY 


ExeEcuTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, May 29, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith, without my approval, House 
Bill No. 1377, entitled “‘An Act increasing the Salaries of the 
Registers of Deeds and Assistant Recorders of the Land 
Court for the Northern, Southern and Fall River Districts of 
Bristol County.” 

This measure would establish hivthae exceptions to the 
uniform scale of salaries for registers of deeds which was es- 
tablished in 1919. It provides that registers of deeds for 
the three districts in Bristol County shall receive in addition 
to their base pay 15 per cent of the average annual gross 
income as provided by General Laws, chapter 37, section 34, 
instead of 10 per cent which is allowed at present. 

The only exceptions to the original standardization were 
for the Registers for Dukes and Nantucket Counties and 
for the Southern District of Berkshire County, who were 
given special consideration in view of the small population 
of the registration district and because of the small receipts 
in recording fees. In 1921 a further exception was made in 
favor of the register of deeds for the District of Northern 
Middlesex because of the small receipts in that district. If 
further exceptions are to be made for the three registers as 
provided for by this bill, there seems to be no good reason 
why all registers should not receive similar increase. 

The present salaries received by the registers of deeds 
affected by the bill are as follows: 


Register of deeds, Southern District, Bristol County . . $3,515 28 
Register of deeds, Northern District, Bristol County . , 2,864 75 
Register of deeds, Fall River District, Bristol County . } 3,104 56 


218 


There are seven other registers of deeds in the Common- 
wealth, not including those for Dukes, Nantucket and the 
Southern District of Berkshire, who receive $3,000 or less. 

The bill is special legislation, and if passed it will be re- 
ferred to as a convincing argument for setting aside the 
standardization rates which have been established for the 
registers of deeds, registers of probate, sheriffs and other 
county positions. ‘The present standardization was estab- 
lished after long investigation, and was adopted so that all 
county officials might be treated fairly and that the General 
Court might be relieved of the consideration of just such 
special bills as the one in question. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


219 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL RE- 
QUIRING THE DIVISION OF THE BLIND TO 
ESTABLISH, EQUIP AND MAINTAIN SCHOOLS 
FOR THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING OF BLIND 
PERSONS AND WORKSHOPS FOR THEIR EM- 
PLOYMENT, AND PROVIDING FOR AN INVES- 
TIGATION RELATIVE TO THE EMPLOYMENT, 
TRAINING AND PLACEMENT OF THE BLIND 


Executive DEPARTMENT, Boston, 29th May, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith Senate Bill No. 
508, entitled ““An Act requiring the Division of the Blind 
to establish, equip and maintain Schools for the Industrial 
Training of Blind Persons and Workshops for their Employ- 
ment, and providing for an Investigation relative to the 
Employment, Training and Placement of the Blind,” with 
the recommendation that it be amended as follows: 

By striking out section two and substituting therefor the 
following: 


Section 2. Upon the taking effect of this act, the division of the blind 
of the department of education shall take immediate steps to provide 
employment for those blind persons who were employed in the Cambridge 
shop prior to its closing in July, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, and 
who are not incapacitated for work by reason of age or infirmity other 
than blindness. The director of the division shall open shops in Cam- 
bridge and elsewhere for this purpose and shall make every effort to dis- 
pose of the products manufactured, and for this purpose shall establish a 
sales force and temporarily employ salesmen, whose appointment shall 
not be subject to chapter thirty-one of the General Laws. 


The purpose of Senate, No. 508 to give additional relief to 
the blind of the Commonwealth is most commendable and 
has my earnest approval. There is no form of affliction 
which so arouses true sympathy as blindness, and there is no 
action which I would so welcome as the establishment of a 


220 


sound and wise policy for the employment and aid of the 
needy blind. Section 2 of Senate, No. 508 as presented to 
me would prevent true progress in that direction. It would 
require employment in the Cambridge shops of the following 
groups of individuals: 


(a) All blind persons who were on the pay roll in June, 1923, regardless 
of whether they are too old, too infirm, or too unskilled to be employed. 

(b) All blind persons who have at any time in the past seventeen years 
been employed in these industries. 

(c) All seeing persons who have at any time been employed in these 
industries. 


When the Cambridge shop was closed last summer be- 
cause the appropriations were exhausted there were 89 on the 
pay roll. Of this number, 31 have since been retired and 
pensioned by reason of age or infirmities other than blindness 
making them incapable for work. Fourteen of this number 
had gone to the Cambridge shop practically every working 
day for two years and had been kept in idleness. ‘Twenty- 
one have found employment elsewhere. One is studying at 
the Perkins Institute, and 20 are at present working in the 
reopened Cambridge shop. Sixteen of the 89 have not 
found regular employment as yet and are being cared for 
until proper situations are secured. ‘The records show that 
36 who have left the Cambridge shop during the last few 
years for various reasons would be eligible for re-employ- 
ment under the present section 2. In addition it would 
require the re-employment of any seeing persons who had 
previously been employed at Cambridge, regardless of 
whether they were proper persons, or whether they had in 
any way been responsible for mismanagement. The bill 
unamended would take away from the management charged 
with responsibility all discretion as to employment. Fur- 
thermore, it would doubtless prevent the employment at 
Cambridge of any blind person, however needy, who was 
not previously employed there. It should always be re- 
membered that there are nearly 4,000 blind in the Com- 
monwealth, and in a desire to aid the blind employed at 
Cambridge, justice must be done to the blind of other com- 
munities. 


221 


The amendment herein recommended contemplates that 
the Division of the Blind shall proceed in good faith to pro- 
vide employment for the blind persons who were employed 
in the Cambridge shop prior to its closing last year and who 
are not incapacitated for work by reason of age or infirmity 
other than blindness. Some of those previously employed at 
Cambridge could be far more humanely aided by institutional 
care and help in the home than by offering inducement for 
them to go to the Cambridge shop to spend the day in idle- 
ness. 

Those who have studied blind industries throughout the 
country seem to believe generally that far better results for 
' the blind themselves are obtained in small shops with varied 
industries, employing from 6 to 20 persons, than in large 
shops employing from 50 to 100. That has been the experi- 
ence of the small shops for the blind in this Commonwealth. 
It is believed that an investigation will also demonstrate 
that the blind are far happier when employed in productive 
and self-sustaining work, and that subsidized workshops 
should be limited to cases of actual necessity. 

Section 3 of Senate, No. 508 provides that a special com- 
mission shall investigate existing conditions relative to blind 
persons in the Commonwealth, as to their employment, 
education, training and placement, and to report to the 
next General Court recommendations on this whole subject. 
Section 1 of the bill requires the establishment and mainte- 
nance of schools for the industrial training of blind persons 
and workshops for their employment. This section involves 
a new policy on the part of the Commonwealth, and in con- 
nection with section 2 as it now stands, largely determines in 
advance the questions which section 3 of the present bill 
would submit to a legislative investigation. Obviously the 
proposed investigation would not be worth while under such 
conditions. 

For these reasons, considered in connection with the pro- 
vision already made for enlarged aid to the blind, the adop- 
tion of the suggested amendment is recommended. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


222 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL TO 
AUTHORIZE THE LAYING OUT, WIDENING AND 
CONSTRUCTION OF TREMONT STREET FROM 
ARLINGTON SQUARE TO ITS INTERSECTION 
WITH STUART STREET IN THE CITY OF BOS- 
TON 


EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 2, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, [ am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1773, entitled “An Act to authorize the Laying Out, Widen- 
ing and Construction of Tremont Street from Arlington 
Square to its Intersection with Stuart Street in the City of 
Boston,’ with the recommendation that it be amended as 
follows: 


By striking out in lines nine and ten of section two the words “‘from the 
proceeds of indebtedness incurred within the statutory limit of indebted- 
ness or.” 


This amendment would restore the bill to the form in 
which it was recommended by the Committee on Municipal 
Finance after careful study and while making possible the 
improvement of Tremont Street would stipulate that “‘no 
loan shall be authorized under this section unless a sum equal 
to ten per cent of the loan so authorized is voted for the same 
purpose to be provided from taxes or other sources of rev- 
enue.’ It has been the unvarying policy of the present 
Legislature in all cases where a city or town has been given 
special authority to borrow outside the debt limit to require 
an appropriation from revenue towards the proposed im- 
provement before it becomes entitled to the authority to 
borrow. ‘The policy of the present year is in keeping with 
that established in 1923, which requires all cities and towns 
to provide from revenue sources a certain sum before loans 


223 


can be made for any of the purposes specified in the first 
fourteen items of section 7, chapter 44, General Laws. 

The principle of pay-as-you-go, which is sound for the 
Commonwealth and is sound for the cities and towns of the 
Commonwealth in general, is also sound for Boston. There 
is no reason why Boston should not do as much as other 
cities and towns have been required to do where special legis- 
lation is given authorizing borrowing outside the debt limit. 
Already during this session two Boston acts — one for hospi- 
tal purposes and one for a municipal building — have been 
approved which require that a contribution must be made 
from revenue before loans can be issued. 

The amount which must be contributed from taxation or 
other sources of revenue will have but little effect on the tax 
rate, but a principle is involved which should be followed 
without any exception. Annually recurring costs of govern- 
ment must be met directly from current revenues. The 
already excessive tax rates in many of our municipalities are 
certain to be increased so long as borrowing is permitted for 
every so-called permanent improvement. The government 
of a city which inaugurates large public works should at least 
provide a part of the funds for their payment. If a city is 
not in condition to appropriate from taxes or other revenue 
a surn equal to 10 per cent of the loan which it is willing to 
incur then the contemplated work better be deferred. 

For these reasons the amendment is recommended. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


224 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL TO 
AUTHORIZE THE LAYING OUT, WIDENING AND 
CONSTRUCTION OF KNEELAND STREET AT 
OR NEAR WASHINGTON STREET AND STUART 
STREET TO ATLANTIC AVENUE IN THE CITY 
OF BOSTON 


Executive DEeparTMENT, Boston, June 2, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments 
to the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1774, entitled ‘‘An Act to authorize the Laying Out, Widen- 
ing and Construction of Kneeland Street at or near Washing- 
ton and Stuart Streets to Atlantic Avenue in the City of 
Boston,” with the recommendation that it be amended as 
follows: 


By striking out in lines nine and ten of section two the words “from the 
proceeds of indebtedness incurred within the statutory limit of indebted- 
ness or.” 


This amendment would restore the bill to the form in 
which it was recommended by the Committee on Municipal 
Finance after careful study, and while making possible the 
improvement of Kneeland Street would stipulate that “no 
loan shall be authorized under this section unless a sum equal 
to ten per cent of the loan so authorized is voted for the 
same purpose to be provided from taxes or other sources of 
revenue.” It has been the unvarying policy of the present 
Legislature in all cases where a city or town has been given 
special authority to borrow outside the debt limit to require 
an appropriation from revenue towards the proposed im- 
provement before it becomes entitled to the authority to 
borrow. The policy of the present year is in keeping with 
that established in 1923, which requires all cities and towns 
to provide from revenue sources a certain sum before loans 


225 


can be made for any of the purposes specified in the first 
fourteen items of section 7, chapter 44, General Laws. 

The principle of pay-as-you-go, which is sound for the 
Commonwealth and is sound for the cities and towns of the 
Commonwealth in general, is also sound for Boston. ‘There 
is no reason why Boston should not do as much as other 
cities and towns have been required to do where special legis- 
lation is given authorizing borrowing outside the debt limit. 
Already during this session two Boston acts — one for hospi- 
tal purposes and one for a municipal building — have been 
approved which require that a contribution must be made 
from revenue before loans can be issued. 

The amount which must be contributed from taxation or 
other sources of revenue will have but little effect on the tax 
rate, but a principle is involved which should be followed 
without any exception. Annually recurring costs of govern- 
ment must be met directly from current revenues. The 
already excessive tax rates in many of our municipalities are 
certain to be increased so long as borrowing is permitted for 
every so-called permanent improvement. The government 
of a city which inaugurates large public works should at least 
provide a part of the funds for their payment. If a city is 
not in condition to appropriate from taxes or other revenue 
a sum equal to 10 per cent of the loan which it is willing to 
incur then the contemplated work better be deferred. 

For these reasons the amendment is recommended. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


226 


VETOING A BILL AUTHORIZING THE ARMORY 
COMMISSIONERS TO ACQUIRE CERTAIN LANDS 
IN THE TOWNS OF LYNNFIELD, READING AND 
WAKEFIELD FOR A STATE RIFLE RANGE 


Executive DrepartTMENT, Boston, June 4, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith, without my approval, House 
Bill No. 1735, entitled ““An Act authorizing the Armory 
Commissioners to acquire Certain Land in the Towns of 
Lynnfield, Reading and Wakefield for a State Rifle Range.” 

This act would provide that after an appropriation has 
been made, the Armory Commissioners may take by eminent 
domain or acquire by purchase or otherwise for use as a State 
rifle range certain land and buildings situated in the towns 
of Lynnfield, Reading and Wakefield now owned by the Bay 
State Military Rifle Association, and provides that the cost 
of the land and buildings so acquired shall not exceed the sum 
of sixty thousand dollars. ‘The Commonwealth has used the 
property in question for more than twenty years under satis- 
factory arrangements with the owners and it is believed that 
such arrangement may be continued for another year at 
least. The State tax for the current year has been deter- 
mined at ten million dollars. If the present bill became law, 
it would be necessary to increase that amount to provide for 
the acts therein authorized. It may be argued that since 
the bill reads ‘‘after an appropriation has been made” that 
it might well become law leaving an appropriation for an- 
other year. Such a practice cannot be approved. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


227 


VETOING A BILL PROVIDING FOR THE CONSTRUC- 
TION OF A BREAKWATER ALONG THE SHORE 
OF DORCHESTER BAY OFF SQUANTUM, IN THE 
CITY OF QUINCY AND OF AN ADJOINING HIGH- 
WAY 


EXEcUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 5, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith, without my approval, House Bill 
No. 1812, entitled “An Act providing for the Construction 
of a Breakwater along the Shore of Dorchester Bay off 
Squantum, in the City of. Quincy and of an Adjoining 
Highway.” 

This bill directs the Department of Public Works to con- 
struct a breakwater on the shore of Dorchester Bay in the 
city of Quincy, for the purpose of protecting said shore from 
erosion by the sea, and provides that the department may 
expend a sum not exceeding forty thousand dollars of which 
the County of Norfolk, the city of Quincy and the city of 
Boston shall each contribute ten thousand dollars, and the 
Commonwealth shall provide the balance. 

It appears, however, that the real purpose of the contem- 
plated breakwater is the protection of a road adjoining the 
shore that has not yet been laid out or accepted as a public 
way by the city of Quincy, and although the bill provides 
that no work shall be begun until the city of Quincy has 
assumed liability for all damages to property and has laid out 
a public highway adjoining said breakwater, it would seem 
that if public necessity and convenience required this road 
that the city of Quincy would have furnished the same by the 
authority it possesses under the law. Furthermore, this 
portion of the shore is within the inner harbor and not ex- 
posed to the direct action of the sea, and does not differ sub- 
stantially in degree of exposure from that of many miles of 


228 


shore front on Dorchester Bay and other interior waters 
adjoining Boston Harbor. 
Therefore, the bill would commit the Commonwealth to a 
policy involving large expenditures of funds upon improve- 
ments which heretofore have been considered a function of 
the city or town in which they are located. This situation 
is not altered by the provision in the bill for repayment by 
the city of Quincy to the Commonwealth, County of Nor- 
folk and city of Boston, of all sums expended by the Com- 
monwealth, County of Norfolk and city of Boston, as their 
share of said breakwater if the city of Quincy shall fail to 
build the highway referred to in the bill within two years 
from the completion of said breakwater. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


229 


RELATIVE TO THE TERM OF CERTAIN NOTES 
AND BONDS FOR CERTAIN ADDITIONS AND 
IMPROVEMENTS 


Executive DrepartTMENT, Boston, June 5, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Chapter 416 of the acts of the present year provides for a 
new location for the Boston & Albany Railroad over the 
Charles River Basin at the Brookline Street, Essex Street, 
Cottage Farm Bridge, and authorizes the issuance of certain 
notes. As required by section 3 of Article LXII of Amend- 
ments to the Constitution, I recommend the term of notes for 
this work to be not exceeding five years. 

Chapter 442 of the acts of the present year requires the 
Metropolitan District Commission to strengthen, repave and 
repair the bridge in Massachusetts Avenue across the Charles 
River Basin between Boston and Cambridge, and to alter 
the draw-span in said bridge into a fixed span, and authorizes 
an issuance of notes for the purpose. As required by the 
Constitution, I reeommend the term of these notes to be not 
exceeding two years. 

Chapter 444 of the acts of the present year provides for 
the construction and use of an additional station in connec- 
tion with the Cambridge subway at or near the junction of 
Cambridge and Charles streets in the city of Boston, and 
authorizes the issuance of certain bonds. I recommend that 
the term of these bonds be for not exceeding fifty years. 

Chapter 489 of the acts of the present year provides for 
the laying out and construction of a northern route to ac- 
commodate traffic between Boston and the territory to the 
north and east thereof, and authorizes the issuance of certain 
notes. JI recommend that the term of these notes be for not 
exceeding five years. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


230 


RECOMMENDING AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL TO 
PROVIDE FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXTRA- 
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT THE LAKE- 
VILLE STATE SANATORIUM 


ExercutivE DEPARTMENT, Boston, June 5, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


Under the provisions of Article LVI of the Amendments to 
the Constitution, I am returning herewith House Bill No. 
1705, entitled “An Act to provide for the Treatment of 
Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis at the Lakeville State Sana- 
torium,’ with the recommendation that it be amended as 
follows: 

By striking out the first sentence of section two and substi- 
tuting therefor the following: 


SEcTION 2. For the purpose of remodelling, if found feasible, an existing 
stable at the Lakeville state sanatorium for the further accommodation of 
the employees in said institution and also for architects’ fees for this and 
other contemplated alterations to carry out the provisions of the preceding 
section, the department of public health may expend from such appropria- 
tion as the general court may make such sums not exceeding twenty 
thousand dollars as the’ governor and council may approve. 


The Department of Public Health reports that the sum 
herein recommended for the purpose specified will be suffi- 
cient to do the work which could properly be completed this 
year and with the allowance for plans to care for patients 
suffering from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis the reasonable 
needs of the Lakeville Sanatorium will be met. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


231 


VETOING A BILL PROVIDING FOR THE CONSTRUC- 
TION OF A BREAKWATER OR SEA WALL AT 
POINT ALLERTON IN THE TOWN OF HULL 


ExeEcuTivE DEPARTMENT, Boston, 5th June, 1924. 
To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives. 


I am returning herewith without my approval House Bill 
No. 1316, entitled ““An Act providing for the Construction 
of a Breakwater or Sea Wall at Point Allerton in the Town 
of Hull.” 

The bill provides that the Division of Public Lands of the 
Department of Public Works shall build a breakwater or sea 
wall at Point Allerton to protect the shore from erosion, 
although the act does not become effective until accepted by 
a vote of the Commissioners of Plymouth County and by a 
vote of the people of Hull. 

The bill also provides that the contribution on the part of 
the Commonwealth may be twenty thousand dollars. 

The property to be protected is privately owned, and 
while the provisions for contribution by the County of Plym- 
outh and the town of Hull are fair and reasonable, this 
seems to be a matter of local concern which may be well 
deferred. 

The State tax has been fixed at the sum of ten million 
dollars. The passage of the act requiring the Division of the 
Blind to establish, equip and maintain schools for the indus- 
trial training of blind persons and workshops for their em- 
ployment has made it necessary to include an item of over 
ninety thousand dollars to meet its purposes. 

If House Bill No. 1316 were to become law, it would 
make necessary an increased State tax. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


PROCLAMATIONS 


Che Commonwealth of Massarluertis 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whereas, The seventeenth of January marks the day of the 
birth of Benjamin Franklin, who, by precept and example, 
became America’s Apostle of thrift; and 

Whereas, Many civic, educational and commercial organi- 
zations, with the support and co-operation of the Treasury 
Department of the United States, have set apart Benjamin 
Franklin’s birthday as National Thrift Day and have 
planned for the observance of the week of January seven- 
teenth to twenty-third as National Thrift Week, with the 
hope of stimulating the individual to think straight and act 
wisely, especially in the realms of earning, spending, saving, 
investing, and giving; and 

Whereas, It behooves every citizen to turn his mind to the 
necessity of lessening extravagance and waste in order that 
the character of our citizenship may be strengthened and 
made more stable and prosperous; and 

Whereas, The economic educational program of National 
Thrift Week is well devised to foster that desirable condition 
by increasing the knowledge and practice of thrift, —a 
thrift, not only economic, but also social, educational, physi- 
cal and religious; 

Now, Therefore, I, Cuanntina H. Cox, Governor of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, by virtue of the authority 


236 


vested in me, hereby designate the week of January seven- 
teenth to twenty-third, inclusive, as 


Thrift Week 


and do earnestly recommend and urge all officers of the 
government and teachers of our schools, the clergy, and each 
citizen to exert every effort to make National Thrift Week 
a thoughtful period of constructive action and economic 
planning. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fourteenth day of January, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-one, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-fifth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


ALBERT P. LANGTRY, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


237 


Che Commonwealth of Maszsarlnwetts 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


One hundred and twelve years ago a humble mother living 
in a lonely cabin gave birth to a boy. That boy was reared 
in poverty and schooled in adversity. Such a one would 
have deserved the verdict of well done had he lived a life of 
quiet usefulness and left to his children the legacy of a good 
name. But rather he was called to lead a people in their time 
of greatest trial. He did not fail them. He led them 
through the wilderness of doubt and despair to new heights 
of glory. Abhorring deception, he was honest in all things. 
He dared to be honest with himself. He saw the right and 
he fought for the right. His words sifted by the winds of des- 
tiny, reveal to us today, as they did to those who heard them 
from his lips, the meaning of our institutions and the purpose 
of a free people. His life given in the service of his fellow 
men taught anew the beauty of truth. Because of what he 
did and because of what he was his memory is the priceless 
possession of a grateful people. We do well to pause and 
inquire, each of himself, how we are meeting the challenge 
which the life and work of Abraham Lincoln presents as 
strongly now as on the day he died, — 


Traveller, 
Go, if you can, and deserve 
The sublime reward of such merit. 


Now, therefore, by the authority of Massachusetts, I 


238 


hereby make proclamation setting apart the twelfth day of 


February as 
Lincoln Day 


with the recommendation that it be appropriately observed 
in the churches, in the schools, by the fireside, and wherever 
our people come together, to the end that the memory of his 
devotion to ideals, his love of truth, and his courage to battle 
for right, may live forever in this Commonwealth. 

Witness, His Excellency the Governor, at 
Boston, this thirty-first day of January, in the 
year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-one, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-fifth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


239 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Inasmuch as the week beginning April 11, 1921, is to be 
generally observed throughout the United States as Be 
Kind to Animals Week, and Sunday, April 17, has been 
designated as Humane Sunday, and, particularly in view 
_of the fact that Massachusetts gave to the world George 
Thorndike Angell, the stalwart pioneer of humane educa- 
tion: 

I therefore proclaim the week of April 11 to 16, 1921, as 


Be Kind to Animals Week 


and Sunday, April 17, as Humane Sunday, and ask all 
citizens of the Commonwealth to consider the just claims 
upon us for compassion of the beasts of farm and field and 
forest and the birds of the air. I especially commend to 
our teachers the recognition of Humane Day in Schools, 
Friday, April 15, and that, so far as practicable, special 
exercises be held in which the children be encouraged to 
participate. I suggest, also, that our churches emphasize 
on Humane Sunday, April 17, the nobility of a character 
which is filled with the spirit of kindness and good will 
toward animal life. 


240 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this seventh day of April, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
fifth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


Q41 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhusetis 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 
A PROCLAMATION 


As required by the laws of the Commonwealth, I hereby 
make proclamation setting apart Saturday, the thirtieth day 
of April, as 

| Arbor and Bird Day 


and recommend its general observance by the planting of 
trees, shrubs and vines, particularly those attractive to 
birds, and by promoting forest grounds, places and ways, 
and by individual resolution to do everything possible 
throughout the year to atone for the sin of wasteful and 
needless destruction of birds and forests. 

I further recommend that the Friday preceding be ob- 
served in rural and suburban schools by exercises which 
may lay emphasis upon the necessity of conservation. 

A tree does not reach its growth ina day. It is impossible 
to provide cover for birds over night. It is for us to deal 
fairly with the coming generations of men. We shall 
deserve their gratitude and we shall be enriched and en- 
nobled ourselves if we preserve the beneficial influence of 
our trees, shrubs and vines, and our birds. 


24.2 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-first day of April, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 


States of America the one hundred and forty- 
fifth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


243: 


Che Commoanuralth of Massachusetts 
By His Excetnency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 
A PROCLAMATION 


Forest Protection and Fire Prevention Week 


The President of the United States has asked the various 
States of the Union to observe the week of May 22-28, 1921, 
as Forest Protection Week, and has requested citizens gen- 
erally to observe this week in such a manner as may call 
public attention to the tremendous and unnecessary waste 
caused by forest fires and the need for definite, well-planned 
action that may materially reduce the annual loss from 
this cause. 

On May 15 the total loss from forest fires in this Com- 
monwealth alone had been over sixty-two thousand dollars, 
which is in excess of the total loss for the whole of the 
previous year. Not only is there a waste of timber, but 
hundreds of wild birds and animals are destroyed in every 
such fire. 

Therefore, I recommend that the citizens of every com- 
munity make individual and collective effort this year to 
prevent forest fires, to the end that we may protect the 
timber, the wild life and the natural scenery of Massa- 
chusetts. 


244 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fourteenth day of May, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
fifth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


245 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhnwetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


As required by the laws of the Commonwealth, I hereby 
make proclamation setting apart Tuesday, the fourteenth 


day of June, as 
Flag Day 


and recommend that from sunrise to sundown the Stars 
and Stripes be displayed on all our public buildings, on the 
homes, and on the workshops, and that the day be ob- 
served by all our people in a way that may show our love 
of and devotion to the principles which the flag typifies. 

Let us recall with gratitude the sacrifices that have been 
made for that flag, and the blessings which we are permitted 
to enjoy under its protection. The flag stands today as 
always for equality of opportunity, for freedom, for justice, 
and for righteousness. Throughout the world a tired 
humanity looks to Old Glory as the emblem of its greatest 
hope. Let us salute the flag with a pledge of fidelity and 
with a resolution to be its worthy defenders. Let us re- 
member that as the flag has brought to us priceless privileges, 
so it has brought to us stern and serious obligations. In 
the measure we deserve the former we shall discharge the 
latter. 

I recommend, further, that, wherever boys and girls or 
men and women assemble on that day, special exercises be 
held which may tell of the origin and history of the flag, 
and inspire and strengthen us in our purpose to have America 
fulfill her noblest mission. 


246 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fourth day of June, in the year of Our 
,Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
fifth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


Q47 


Che Commonwealth of Massarluesetia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


In accordance with the request of the President and 
established custom, and with the object of safeguarding 
property from careless and unnecessary destruction, and 
to encourage every effort made in the prevention of fires, 
I hereby designate and set apart October tenth of the cur- 
rent year as 

Fire Prevention Day 


Fifty years ago on that day Chicago had its most dis- 
astrous fire. In the year nineteen hundred and twenty, 
half a billion dollars of property was destroyed by fire in 
America alone, — fires that were largely preventable. The 
annual loss of life by fire in the United States is estimated 
at fifteen thousand persons. Such destruction of life and 
property, in large part the result of carelessness, is a serious 
indictment of the American people. Therefore it is earnestly 
requested that on this day inspections be made, accumula- 
tions of waste be removed, and every other means of lessen- 
ing the fire hazard in the Commonwealth be studied and 
adopted. 


248 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-ninth day of September, in the 
year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-one, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


249 


Che Commuanuralth of Massarhusprtis 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, GovrerNnor 


A PROCLAMATION 


As representative of all unidentified Americans who gave 
their lives in the World War, the body of an unknown mem- 
ber of the American Expeditionary Forces is to be buried 
in the National Cemetery, at Arlington, on the eleventh 
day of November next; and 

Whereas, A worthy people should hold in honor and 
gratitude the memory of men inspired by loyalty and 
devotion to sacrifice their lives for their country’s cause; and 

Whereas, On the anniversary of the ending of the greatest 
war in history, a conference of the representatives of the 
mighty nations of the earth is to assemble in this country 
for the purpose of limiting armament; 

Now, Therefore, I, Cuannine H. Cox, Governor of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, do hereby call upon all 
our devout and patriotic citizens, heeding the proclamation 
of the President of the United States, to pause from their 
accustomed occupations and labors on 


Armistice Day 


Friday, the eleventh day of November next, from twelve 
o’clock noon until two minutes past that hour in silent 
prayer of thanks for these precious and valorous lives laid 
so generously on their country’s altar. Let our people in 
their customary places of worship on Sunday, the sixth of 
November next, offer special prayer to God Almighty for 
His blessing on the Conference on Limitation of Armaments. 


250 


Let special services be held on Friday, November eleventh, 
in all churches, schools and colleges, to venerate the memory 
of our heroes who died in the World War, to recall the 
sacrifices of those who suffered, and to dedicate ourselves 
as a people to the achievement of international justice and 
good will and to the attainment of permanent honorable 
peace. 

Furthermore, I hereby direct that the national flag be 
displayed at half-staff upon all the public buildings of the 
Commonwealth from sunrise to sunset on said November 
the eleventh. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


251 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetis 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whereas, The President of the United States, in pur- 
suance of a joint resolution of Congress, has declared Friday, 
November eleventh, a holiday, as a mark of respect to the 
memory of those who gave their lives in the late World 
War, as typified by the unknown and unidentified American 
soldier whose body is to be buried in Arlington Cemetery 
on that day; and 

Whereas, The President of the United States has recom- 
mended that the Governors of the several States issue 
proclamations calling upon the people of their respective 
States to pause in their usual pursuits; 

Now, Therefore, I, CHANNING H. Cox, Governor of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, urge all our people to 


observe 
Friday, November 11, 1921 


as a holiday, and in order that the solemnity of the occasion 
may be further emphasized, I recommend that all public 
and church bells throughout the Commonwealth be tolled 
at intervals between eleven forty-five o’clock a.m. and 
twelve o’clock noon on that day, and that from twelve 
o'clock noon until two minutes past that hour all devout 
and patriotic citizens give silent thanks to God for the 
valorous lives generously given in our defence and pray for 
His divine mercy and blessings upon our beloved country. 


252 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this seventh day of November, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-one, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


253 


Che Commoanuralth of Massarhusetts 
By His Exce,ttemcy CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whereas, ‘The display of the flag or emblem of a foreign 
country upon the outside of a State, county, city or town 
building or public schoolhouse is forbidden by law except 
upon the occasion of a visit of a citizen of such foreign 
country as a guest of the United States or this Common- 
wealth; 

Pursuant to law I hereby make proclamation calling for 
and authorizing the display of the flags of the French Re- 
public upon State, county and municipal buildings, except 
public schoolhouses, during the coming visit to this Com- 
monwealth of M. le Maréchal Foch. 

In addition, I urge that residents, merchants, and business 
houses of all cities to be visited by M. le Maréchal Foch as 
far as is in their power do honor to our distinguished guest 
during his stay in Massachusetts by displaying the flags of 
this country and the French Republic. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Byeton 
this ninth day of November, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 
FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


254 


Che Conunomuralth of Massarhusetiz 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


During the year we have tried with a measure of success 
to commemorate worthily the three hundredth anniversary 
of the landing of the Pilgrims. We have frequently turned 
to Plymouth in an endeavor to visualize the little company 
of sturdy men and women who there laid the foundations 
of a new civilization. Over and over again we have read 
the story of their struggle against adversity. How they 
suffered in body and mind through that first year in the 
wilderness. But after the winter came the pleasant sum- 
mer. They tilled the land and their labor was rewarded, 
for they harvested plenteous crops. ‘There was rejoicing. 
A day was set apart that the people with grateful hearts 
might feast and return thanks to their Heavenly Father for 
the manifold gifts He had bestowed. They were the better 
men and women for doing so. 

Now, therefore, in appreciation of the numerous blessings 
which have been ours through the past year, in accordance 
with the custom of my predecessors who have counted it 
an honor to follow where Governor Bradford led, and with 
the advice and consent of the Council, I, CHanntnG H. Cox, 
Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, appoint 
Thursday, the twenty-fourth day of November, as a day of 


Thanksgiving and Praise 


On that day let us find and make cause for thanksgiving. 
Every citizen of Massachusetts, because he is such, has 
some cause for rejoicing. 


255 


On that day let us recall with gratitude that recently the 
people of one fair section of the Commonwealth, although 
deeply stirred by the report of the foulest of crimes, evi- 
denced by their restraint their faith in the orderly process 
of law as administered in Massachusetts. Let us return 
thanks that our peuple desire to give their children the 
benefits of education, and that never before have so many 
sought admission to our institutions of higher learning. 
Let there be rejoicing that thrift is held as a virtue and 
practiced; that the amount saved in small sums is unusually 
large this year; and that sixty-seven out of each one hun- 
dred of our population have savings accounts. There is 
reason for thanksgiving in the strong support given to 
worthy causes, in the increasing understanding that citizen- 
ship imposes duties as well as confers privileges, and in the 
realization that the opportunities now are as equal and offer 
as great rewards to those who strive for and deserve them 
as in any day or generation of the past. Let there be 
praise of the manifest desire of the people to end wars and 
to live in peace with all mankind. Let this be a day of 
joy for fathers and mothers. Let sons and daughters return 
to their homes, and there at the family hearthstone let all 
delight and let none be ashamed to pray for our Com- 
monwealth, our country, and for the true happiness of 
God’s children throughout the world. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this sixteenth day of November, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


256 


Che Commarnuuralth of Massarhusetia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 
A PROCLAMATION 


The government census of 1920 revealed more than 276,000 
illiterates living in Massachusetts, which enjoys an un- 
usually fine educational system and many eminent schools 
of learning. The examination of young men for service 
during the World War revealed a similar deplorable con- 
dition in all parts of our country. The greatest danger lies 
in such illiteracy, and the greatest safeguard of liberty is 
the practical education of all. 

Now, therefore, in accordance with the request of the 
President of the United States, in his proclamation under 
date of November 29, I, Cuannine H. Cox, Governor of 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, hereby designate 
December fourth to tenth as 


American Education Week 


and strongly urge that public authorities and public-spirited 
citizens generally throughout our Commonwealth give 
serious consideration to the necessity of further public 
education and to the elimination of illiteracy, to the end 
that Massachusetts may rejoice in a population capable of 
understanding American institutions and capable of ex- 
pressing worthy aspirations to uphold American ideals. 


257 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this thirtieth day of November, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-one, and of the Independence .of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


258 


| Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whereas, ‘The display of the flag or emblem of a foreign 
country upon the outside of a State, county, city or town 
building or public schoolhouse is forbidden by law except 
upon the occasion of a visit of a citizen of such foreign coun- 
try as a guest of the United States or this Commonwealth; 

Pursuant to law I hereby make proclamation calling for 
and authorizing the display of the flags of the Kingdom of 
Italy upon State, county and municipal buildings, except 
public schoolhouses, during the coming visit to this Com- 
monwealth of Generalissimo Armando Diaz. 

In addition, I urge that residents, merchants, and business 
houses of all cities to be visited by Generalissimo Diaz as 
far as is in their power do honor to our distinguished guest 
during his stay in Massachusetts by displaying the flags 
of this country and the Kingdom of Italy. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this first day of December, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
one, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 
FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


259 


Che Commanuralth of Massarknaetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


A mighty Nation exalts the name of Abraham Lincoln. 
_A grateful people find in his character and service an elo- 
quent expression of their ideals. Who among his fellows 
envied him so humble a birth? Who among his fellows 
could realize that in the struggle and hardship of his youth 
he might be more fortunate than they? Whatever others 
were taught, he learned for himself to distinguish unerringly 
the object from the shadow, and to know the worth of 
substance and the mockery of show. How deeply burns 
the love of those who have faced privations together. 
Fortune, although difficult to understand, usually deals 
fairly. The luxuries of wealth and the noblest attributes 
of character have not always gone hand in hand. The 
contributions of wealth in the making of the world have 
been as nothing compared with the contributions of char- 
acter. 

In the confusion and uncertainty of today the life of 
Abraham Lincoln shines out as a beacon light by which 
we may direct our course to the sheltering harbor. Our 
citizenship will be ennobled and heartened if more and 
more it strives to gain possession of the great qualities which 
he so richly possessed, — love of country, love of human 
beings, courage and firmness of action when justice de- 
mands, kindness, simplicity, truth, and clearness of vision. 

To the end that the memory of his public service and 


260 


private virtues may be perpetuated in the Commonwealth, 
now, therefore, by authority of law, I hereby make procla- 
mation setting apart the twelfth day of February as 


Lincoln Day 


with the recommendation that it be appropriately observed 
in the churches, in the schools, by the fireside, and wherever 
our people come together. On that day and on each suc- 
ceeding day 


With malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the 
right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on. 


Witness, His Excellency the Governor, at 
Boston, this second day of February, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-two, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


261 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhuartiz 
By His ExceLttency CHANNING H. COX, GovrEeRNor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whereas, In accordance with the provisions of the General 
Laws, chapter one hundred and twenty-three, sections one 
hundred and seventeen to one hundred and twenty-four, 
as amended by the Acts of nineteen hundred and twenty- 
one, chapter two hundred and seventy, I have been notified 
by the Commissioner of Correction that the Department for 
Defective Delinquents at the State Farm is in suitable 
condition to receive inmates; 

Now, Therefore, In accordance with the provisions of 
said chapter, as amended, proclamation is hereby made 
establishing the said Department for Defective Delinquents 
at the State Farm as a place for the Sens of male de- 
fective delinquents. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-third day of February, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-two, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


262 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


By His ExceLttency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The American Legion is now engaged in a nation-wide 
effort to find employment for every ex-service man in the 
country. The Massachusetts State Department of the 
American Legion is trying to find a position for every 
Massachusetts ex-service man who is able to work, and to 
aid those veterans and their families who lack the neces- 
saries of life. Some communities have been able to report 
that every able-bodied ex-service man there has been given 
employment, and that provision has been made for the 
families of those in actual need. Massachusetts has always 
stood in the forefront of movements looking towards the 
alleviation of suffering and the assistance of worthy men. 
Nothing could give more satisfaction than hearty co-opera- 
tion in this commendable endeavor to eliminate unemploy- 
ment and distress in the ranks of those who served their 
country with valor. 

In behalf of the ex-service men of this Commonaniem 
in the name of justice, I urge immediate and earnest sup- 
port of this worthy undertaking led by the American Legion. 
Let individuals and organizations of all kinds lend their 
assistance. ‘The need is urgent. The call is insistent. It 
deserves a complete answer. 


263 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this seventeenth day of March, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-two, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


264 


Che Conmanuralth of Massarhusrtia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The preservation and development of our forests will 
contribute to our industrial welfare and add to our indi- 
vidual comfort and enjoyment. It will be helpful in this 
direction if all our officers of public instruction and of civic 
and commercial organizations in compliance with the re- 
quest of President Harding unite in thought and action for 
the protection of our splendid heritage by planning such 
educational and instructive exercises as shall bring before 
the people the disastrous effects of the present waste by 
forest fires. For that purpose I hereby designate the 
week of April 16 to 22, 1922, as 


Forest Protection Week 


Fifty years have passed since in April, 1872, the State of 
Nebraska first set apart a day consecrated to tree planting. 
In order that there may be fitting commemoration of this 
notable golden jubilee, and in conformity with the require- 
ments of section fifteen of chapter six, General Laws of 
Massachusetts, I hereby make proclamation setting apart 
Saturday, the twenty-ninth day of April, 1922, as 


Arbor and Bird Day 


I earnestly recommend its general observance throughout 
the Commonwealth by the planting of trees, shrubs and 
vines, with a special effort to repair the awful damage 
wrought by the severe storm of the past winter. In sucha 


265 


noble endeavor we may induce the thoughtless to refrain 
from careless and wanton waste, and make possible the 
increased richness of our bird life. By patient and con- 
tinued efforts even a dreary waste may be converted into 
a place of utility and beauty. May each of us so observe 
the golden jubilee of Arbor Day that we may have a deeper 
feeling for him who said 


I think that I shall never see 
A poem lovely as a tree. 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this eighth day of April, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
two, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


266 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, GovEerRNor 


A PROCLAMATION f 


The week of April 24 to 29, inclusive, is to be generally 
observed throughout the United States as ““Be Kind to 
Animals Week,’’ and Sunday, April 30, as “‘Humane Sun- 
day.” It is particularly fitting that in Massachusetts this 
week should receive special recognition because of the fact 
that in 1882, in Boston, the first American Band of Mercy 
was organized, — an organization which has spread through- 
out every State in this country and in many foreign lands, 
until now there are over one hundred thirty-seven thou- 
sand of these bands, and over three million members. 

I therefore proclaim the week of April 24 to 29, 1922, 


as 
Be Kind to Animals Week 


and Sunday, April 30, 1922, as 
Humane Sunday 


and request the general observance of these days by teach- 
ing the youth of our Commonwealth to be kind and con- 
siderate to dumb animals, these faithful friends that mean 
so much in the activities of our everyday life. It would be 
well for our churches on Humane Sunday to emphasize the 
righteousness of kindly consideration to all animal life. 


267 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this tenth day of April, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
two, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


268 


Che Conmonmedlth of Massarhusetia 


By His Excetnency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whereas the achievements of great departed leaders 
present a continuing challenge to high endeavor, and the 
ended lives of patriots continue to inspire devoted citizens, 
and whereas the Grand Army of the Republic, an organ- 
ization which has contributed pre-eminently to the moral 
and physical well-being of America, has asked for the special 
observance of an important occasion, now, therefore, I 
hereby make proclamation setting apart Thursday, April 
27, 1922, the hundredth anniversary of his birth, as 


Ulysses S. Grant Day 


On that day let all join under the leadership of the all too 
quickly fading lines of Civil War veterans in paying tribute 
to the memory of their loved victorious commander. Let it 
be an occasion when the valor of General Grant may be 
extolled, and when the wisdom and devotion of President 
Grant may be thankfully contemplated. He was called 
upon not alone to lead armies to triumph, but also to point 
the way to the reunion of a Nation — almost torn asunder 
by the fiercest of conflicts. Of him it has been rightly 
sald, he maintained our national honor and he restored our 
national credit. On that day, in the schools and in other 
public exercises, may our citizenship recall with gratitude 
the splendid contribution of one of their noblest country- 
men, — a man trained for the pursuits of war, who never- 
theless loved and championed peace, and who was alike 


269 


esteemed by those he led to victory and by those who after 
unconditional surrender accepted his generous terms. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this thirteenth day of April, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
two, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


270 


Che Commonwealth of Massarluaetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The one hundred forty-fifth anniversary of the adoption of 
the national flag by the Continental Congress approaches. 
In accordance with the provisions of a resolve of the year 
nineteen hundred and eleven, I hereby proclaim Wednesday, 
the Fourteenth of June, as 


Flag Day 


and recommend its observance by the people of the Com- 
monwealth in the display of the flag and in such other ways 
as will be in harmony with the general character of the 
day. It is an inspiration to see the flag tenderly borne by 
the veterans of the Civil War, and to see the reverence in 
which veterans of the Spanish and World Wars hold the 
Stars and Stripes. It is the emblem for which they fought. 
Whatever we do to show our respect and love for “Old 
Glory”’ testifies to our love of country and our desire to 
support and uphold its institutions. The flag is the symbol 
of the Nation. It tells the story of the trials, the sufferings, 
the sorrows, the hopes and the achievements of a great 
people. As it floats proudly before our schoolhouses it 
reminds us that within children are being trained for the 
responsibilities of citizenship in a land where all are free, 
where all have equal rights, and where all have equal duties 
of serving the common welfare. In such a land the security 
of the people is found in the general observance of laws and 
in the honest and fearless administration of even-handed 


271 


justice. In such a land where the right of speech is free, 
the good citizen employs only measured, temperate and 
truthful words. In such a land those who would prostrate 
law, who would dethrone justice, who would weaken govern- 
ment, and who would spread strife and discontent among 
its citizens are enemies of the flag. As we contemplate the 
history of the flag which has stimulated each generation to 
nobler purposes and higher ideals, let us rejoice in the 
heroic deeds of its defenders, and with the courage, the 
devotion and the faith which they have possessed in abun- 
dance let us turn to the duties of to morrow with hope born 
anew. In doing each day the work which we are fitted to 
do, in respecting the rights of others, and accepting with 
willing hearts the full duties of citizenship, we may demon- 
strate that we understand the meaning of the flag, and that 
we are devoted to the country for which it stands. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-two, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-sixth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


Q72 


Che Commaumealth of Massachusetts 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Samuel Adams, native and citizen of Boston, was the 
progenitor of Independence. To Adams, more than any 
other of his time save Washington, we owe the liberty which 
we enjoy. Washington mustered the armies of the Revo- 
lution and led them to success. Adams instilled and 
organized the spirit which made revolution possible. He 
was the first man in the colonies with capacity to lead who 
saw that to resist effectively the domination of a distant 
parliament the colonies must act unitedly. He was a rebel 
and defied the royal Governor. He struck for Independence 
at the risk of his own life. When others failed in ardor he 
planned and vitalized committees of correspondence through 
which tried patriots kept liberty aflame. 

He was a writer of convincing force, a speaker with an 
almost irresistible appeal, a politician of consummate skill, 
a matchless manager of men, deeply religious, not sectarian. 

His life and means were given to the people. He had 
no personal interest or ambition to deflect his public aim. 
He was a member of the Colonial Assembly, for many years 
its clerk, a sentinel on guard. He led and moulded the 
town meeting which crystallized the patriotic sentiment 
of Boston, while Boston, in its turn, inspired the Colony, 
the Massachusetts Colony, in turn, inspiring all the rest. 
He was a member of the Continental Congress, and there 
in conversation and debate demanded independence until 
he signed his name to the immortal Declaration. He 
helped to frame the Massachusetts Constitution. He was 


273 


a delegate to the Convention which ratified the Federal 
Constitution. To his shrewd leadership and quiet per- 
sistence we owe the ten amendments which constitute our 
Bill of Rights, protecting States and individuals against 
undue encroachment by a central power. He was Lieuten- 
ant Governor and Governor. He died advanced in years, 
with small estate, but rich in the people’s high esteem. 

The two hundredth anniversary of his birth falls on 
Wednesday, September 27, 1922. As Governor of the 
Commonwealth he nobly served, I call upon her grateful 
citizens to recognize the day. Let us meet in the historic 
places which enshrine his patriotic zeal. Let us unfurl the 
flags of Massachusetts and of the United States in testimony 
that his memory still lives among the people whose en- 
franchisement he wrought. Let us write upon the tablets 
of our hearts the lesson of his great career. He was a 
sentinel for liberty. Let us be sentinels for the Republic 
which he helped to make. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twentieth day of September, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
two, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


QT A 


Che Conmonmealth of Massarlnwetia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


In accordance with custom, I hereby designate and set 
apart October 2 to 9, inclusive, as 


Fire Prevention Week 


in order that the attention of the people of the Common- 
wealth may be especially directed to the tremendous waste 
occasioned by fires. There has been a steady increase in 
the annual fire loss in Massachusetts, reaching the great 
total of $57,671,065 for five years. The loss of life, the loss 
of homes, the loss of business establishments, the loss of 
our great forests by fire is something which every citizen 
should do his full part in preventing. In Massachusetts, 
the first half of the year 1922 shows a gratifying decrease 
in devastation by fire. 

It is most earnestly urged that during Fire Prevention 
Week a system of inspections be inaugurated, to be con- 
tinued throughout the entire year, and that all possible 
means for lessening the fire hazard in this Commonwealth 
be considered and put into practical operation. 


Q75 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-fifth day of September, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-two, and of the Independence of the 
United StatesYof America the one hundred and 
forty-seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


276 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


On November 11, 1918, the greatest war of all time came 
to a successful termination. For the first time in the 
history of our Nation our troops, shoulder to shoulder with 
worthy Allies, had fought for the preservation of that liberty 
which centuries of struggle had won for mankind. They 
had triumphed. The mighty forces mobilized by our peace- 
loving people have returned to their accustomed places in 
the civil life of the country. The anniversary of that mo- 
mentous and happy day will bring to all who engaged in 
the World War a quickened memory of the tremendous 
sacrifices endured to insure its success. That anniversary 
will afford to every patriotic citizen new opportunity to 
contemplate the magnitude of the service rendered by our 
defenders and to rejoice in a patriotism that inspired such 
valor. 

Therefore, in keeping with a generally expressed hope that 
special observance be made of that anniversary, I, CHANNING 
H. Cox, Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
do hereby make proclamation, designating Saturday, No- 


vember 11, as 
Armistice Day 


It is directed that the national flag be displayed on all 
public buildings of the Commonwealth on that day, and it 
is requested that there be general observance which may 
give evidence that its significance is appreciated. On that 


Q77 


day as we see with clearer vision the blessings of our pre- 
served liberty, may we take firm resolution to be its worthy 
defenders. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this thirtieth day of October, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
two, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


278 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhwaetia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Defying wintry gales, enduring terrible hardships, pinched 
by hunger, and ravished by disease, a sturdy band of men 
and women at Plymouth laid firmly the foundations of 
American government, now become the hope of the world. 
The winter passed, summer came, and a forbidding soil 
yielded bounteous crops. After the plentiful harvest the 
same devout men and women set apart a day for feasting 
and offering thanks to God. ‘Thus was established the first 
Thanksgiving Day, now become our distinctively national 
holiday. In changed and changing conditions, in spite of 
grave problems and heavy burdens, a mighty people have 
cause to give thanks for the abundant blessings which 
are theirs. Our Nation is at peace. There is opportunity 
for all. Fortune has smiled upon us. This is still the land 
of plenty. The love of the good, the true, and the beautiful 
still endures. Useful service is held in honor. The appeals 
of the unfortunate at home and abroad are answered. 
Science strides forward, and contributes to the comfort and 
convenience of mankind. Worthy men and women serve 
the cause of education. 

Now, therefore, in accordance with established custom, I, 
CHANNING H. Cox, Governor of the Commonwealth of 


279 


Massachusetts, appoint Thursday, the thirtieth day of 
November, as 
Thanksgiving Day 


Let us, mindful of our own good fortune, help some one 
less fortunate than ourselves. In places of public worship 
may our hearts be purified from discontent and malice, and 
filled anew with hope and faith. Wherever possible let the 
family circle be reunited, for at the mother’s side the child 
of whatever years finds and finds again an inspiration for 
nobler deeds and higher aims. In the old family home the 
child of whatever years feels again the warmth of that love 
which nourished, protected and sustained, and at that 
shrine come purer and better thoughts. 

Our destiny lies within the hearts of our people. May 
those hearts be kindled with a nobler and a deeper love for 
righteousness and truth. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this tenth day of November, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
two, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


280 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION CONCERNING THE BELCHER- 
TOWN STATE SCHOOL 


The Department of Mental Diseases, acting under the 
provisions of section thirteen, chapter four hundred and ten 
of the Acts of 1922, having informed me that the buildings 
constructed for the purposes and use of the Belchertown 
State School are so far completed that commitment may 
be made thereto, I hereby, in accordance with said section, 
proclaim this school open on and after the twenty-seventh 
day of November, 1922, for the care and treatment of the 
feeble-minded. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-fourth day of November, in the 
year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred 
and twenty-two, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


281 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


By His Excetnency CHANNING H. COX, Govrernor 


A PROCLAMATION PROMULGATING THE SIXTY- 
SEVENTH ARTICLE OF AMENDMENT TO THE 
CONSTITUTION 


Whereas, A certain article of amendment to the Constitu- 
tion of the Commonwealth was agreed to in the manner 
prescribed in said Constitution, namely, in joint session by 
a majority of all the members elected to the General Court 
of the year one thousand nine hundred and twenty, and also 
in the same manner by the General Court of the year one 
thousand nine hundred and twenty-one; 

And, Whereas, In accordance with said Constitution, said 
fact has been certified by the clerk of the joint session of 
the General Court to the Secretary of the Commonwealth 
for submission of said article of amendment to the people 
for their approval; which said article of amendment is as 
follows: 


ArtTicLeE LX VII 


Article XLVIII of the Amendments to the Constitution is hereby 
amended by striking out, in that part entitled “II. Emergency Meas- 
ures”, under the heading “The Referendum”’, the words “‘A separate 
vote shall be taken on the preamble by call of the yeas and nays, which 
shall be recorded, and unless the preamble is adopted by two-thirds of 
the members of each House voting thereon, the law shall not be an emer- 
gency law; but” and substituting the following: — A separate vote, 
which shall be recorded, shall be taken on the preamble, and unless the 
preamble is adopted by two-thirds of the members of each House voting 
thereon, the law shall not be an emergency law. Upon the request of 
two members of the Senate or of five members of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, the vote on the preamble in such branch shall be taken by 
call of the yeas and nays. But 


282 


And, Whereas, The said article of amendment was duly 
approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the Com- 
monwealth voting thereon on the seventh day of November, 
instant; 

Now, Therefore, I, CHANNING H. Cox, Governor, with the 
advice and consent of the Council, do issue this, my procla- 
mation, and do hereby announce that the said article of 
amendment has become a part of the Constitution of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and all magistrates and 
officers and all citizens of the Commonwealth are required 
to take notice hereof and govern themselves accordingly. 

Witness, His Excellency the Governor, at 
Boston, this sixth day of December, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-two, and of the independence. of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor, with the advice and 
consent of the Council. 


FREDERICK W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


283 


Che Commonuralth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The history of our Nation is a record of progress and 
achievement never before equalled in the brief span of one 
hundred forty-six years. There is reason for it. Fortu- 
nately no particular class or group has controlled public 
thought or action. Our people have selected leaders 
distinguished by character and ability. In the hour of its 
supreme test the Nation called Abraham Lincoln to the 
helm. He was a country lawyer, not widely known. He 
had no relatives of power or influence. As a youth he had 
enjoyed almost none of the advantages common to the 
boys of his time. But he knew the power of truth. He 
believed in the justice of God and he had faith in mankind. 
Thus armed he gently guided public sentiment. Sometimes 
he seemed to follow it. He appealed to the intelligence of 
men, and never to their prejudice, their passion, or their 
ignorance. When he laid down his work, he had reunited 
a nation torn asunder, and he had given freedom to a race. 
Small wonder that “‘Never before that startled April morn- 
ing did such multitudes of men shed tears for the death of 
one they had never seen, as if with him a friendly presence 
had been taken away from their lives, leaving them colder 
and darker. — Their common manhood had lost a kinsman.” 

Long ago he was summoned from earth, but to the end 
that the memory of his public service and private virtues 
may be perpetuated in the Commonwealth, now therefore, 


284 


by authority of law, I hereby make proclamation setting 
apart the twelfth day of February as 


Lincoln Day 


with the recommendation that it be appropriately observed 
in the churches, in the schools, by the fireside, and wherever 
our people come together. Let us remember on that day, 
especially in Massachusetts, where freedom found its 
staunchest advocates, that Lincoln desired the colored race 
to be wholly free. It is an unhappy augury that, after a 
lapse of sixty years, members of that race are still fleeing 
the mob or bending beneath the burden of unjust racial 
proscription. ‘‘With firmness in the right, as God gives 
us to see the right,”’ let us in the spirit of Lincoln accord in 
fact that larger measure of political, economic and social 
justice which the Constitution of the United States guar- 
antees. 

Witness, His Excellency the Governor, at 
Boston, this third day of February, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-three, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


285 


Che Conmmonunealth of Massarhusetis 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


April is a most significant month in American history. 
All the great wars that the country has waged — the Revo- 
lutionary, the Civil, the Spanish and the World Wars — 
had their beginnings in that month. April brings the 
anniversaries of certain events which are of utmost con- 
cern to the Nation and of deep and particular interest to 
Massachusetts. While the battles of Lexington and Con- 
cord gave birth to a spirit which united a people into a 
nation, they gave dramatic demonstration of the patriotism 
which burned in the hearts of the sons of Massachusetts. 
The anniversary of those battles has been set apart by 
legislative enactment as a holiday for the special com- 
memoration of the services of those who made the first 
brave stand for independence. Such an anniversary is a 
fitting time each year for the reaffirmation of our love of 
country and our continued support of those free institutions 
in the establishment of which our forebears gave leadership. 
It is peculiarly appropriate that Massachusetts should on 
that day testify that her people have kept the faith of the 
fathers. Therefore, I call upon the people of the Common- 
wealth for a true observance of Thursday, April 19, as 


Patriots’ Day 


The surviving veterans’ organizations of all the wars and 
their organized descendants living in the capital city are to 
parade in Boston on the morning of that day. Detachments 


286 


of the regular army, the navy and the National Guard will 
join in that parade, — all attesting to their devotion to 
country and their support of the principles of justice, liberty 
and equality upon which our system of government is based. 
I ask all good citizens for generous help in such a worthy 
demonstration. Let each city and town in some appropriate 
manner recall the meaning of the day, and in united effort 
let Massachusetts proclaim to the country that we glory 
in the sacrifice and service which has made democracy a 
success, and proclaim our faith that a loyal American people 
will achieve their noblest destiny. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this sixth day of April, in the year of Our Lord 
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three, 
and of the Independence of the United States of 
America the one hundred and forty-seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


287 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhweetts 
By His Excetuency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


In justice to the coming generations it is necessary that 
we turn energetically to the work of reforestation, in order 
to replenish our wasted timber lands — not alone the re- 
forestation of large tracts of land, but the planting of trees, 
wherever possible, on small city lots. One of the outstand- 
ing results of an Agricultural Conference of representatives 
of the six New England States held in Boston last January 
was the unanimously adopted resolution recommending town 
forests, which already has prompted many towns to start 
such forests. ‘To preserve what remains of our once great 
forests, every effort must be made to arrest the annual waste 
by fire and other agencies of destruction. The record of 
1922 is startling, when forty-one hundred fires swept over 
eighty-five thousand acres, causing five hundred thousand 
dollars damage, requiring the expenditure of one hundred 
thousand dollars to fight them, and taking in their toll five 
human lives and one hundred twenty-two buildings, to say 
nothing of destruction of cover for song birds and friendly 
animal life. 

Therefore, in the hope of stimulating greater activity to 


288 


protect and to increase our forests, I hereby designate 
Saturday, the twenty-eighth day of April, 1923, as 


Arbor and Bird Day 
and the week of April 22-28, 1923, as 
Forest Protection Week 


and recommend that they be generally observed throughout 
the Commonwealth by the planting of trees, shrubs and 
vines. This work may well be done, not only on Arbor 
and Bird Day, but throughout the season of planting. Let 
the children in the schools become interested in this helpful 
and pleasant work, so that they may better understand 
Nature and more deeply appreciate the beauty of the great 
outdoors in which they have had a part in creating and 
preserving. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twelfth day of April, in the year of Our Lord 
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three, 
and of the Independence of the United States 
of America the one hundred and forty-seventh. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


. God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


289 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The people of the United States have been happy in their 
experience under a democratic form of government. They 
have loved peace, but they have not hesitated to take up 
arms when their rights were threatened, and because they 
have fought for the cause of righteousness, they have pre- 
vailed. They have cherished liberty, but they have re- 
membered that liberty is obedience to law. They have 
cultivated the soil. They have developed mighty industries, 
while their commerce has expanded. They have fostered 
education. ‘They have been mindful of the weak and un- 
fortunate. ‘There has been opportunity for all to enjoy 
the fruits of their own labor. ‘They have achieved and they 
have enjoyed blessings beyond measure. Fortunate are 
- they in the possession of a matchless emblem which typifies 
their victories in war and their progress and attainments in 
peace, — an emblem which stands for their country, rich 
in noble traditions and strong in the promise of future glory. 
The flag is the symbol of the Nation. 

The anniversary of its adoption by the Continental 
Congress in seventeen hundred and seventy-seven ap- 
proaches, and by virtue of the authority given me by law, I 
hereby proclaim Thursday, June Fourteenth, as 


Flag Day 


and recommend. “‘that the day be observed by the people 
of the Commonwealth in the display of the flag and in such 


290 


other ways as will be in harmony with the general character 
of the day.” It would be a fine contribution to the solem- 
nity of the day, and it would enrich our citizenship, if for 
a moment all within our portals, old and young, would turn 
their eyes to Old Glory and with sincerity of purpose renew 
their pledge of allegiance to the flag and the Republic for 
which it stands. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fifth day of June, in the year of Our Lord 
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three, 
and of the Independence of the United States 
of America the one hundred and forty-seventh. 


& 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


291 


Che Commonuralth of Massachusetts 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


By proclamation of the President, Friday, the tenth day 
of August, has been designated as a day of mourning and 
prayer throughout the United States, in memory of our late 
beloved President. As Governor of Massachusetts, I urge 
upon all the citizens of our Commonwealth a proper observ- 
ance of that day. 

President Harding brought to his great office fine ability, 
sympathetic understanding, and unswerving rectitude. 
The beneficent influence of his public service will continue 
to inspire the citizens of our country in their purpose to 
emulate his devotion to the common weal. 

From now until the close of the funeral services let there 
be universal display of flags at half mast. On the day set 
apart let general business be suspended, let the people 
gather in their accustomed places of worship to pay respect 
to the memory of our late President and to invoke the 
protection and guidance of Almighty God for our beloved 
country and for him who has been so suddenly called to 
meet the tremendous responsibilities of the office of President 
of the United States. May there be no single community 
in this old Commonwealth which fails to hold appropriate 
exercises in houses of worship or in public meeting places on 
the appointed day. In our universal grief let us give new 
expression to our appreciation of a kindly, noble life given 
in our service, and to our faith in the country which he 
helped to strengthen. 


292 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fourth day of August, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
three, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


293 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhusetia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


I hereby designate and set apart October 7 to 13, inclusive, 


as 
Fire Prevention Week 


The fire loss for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts dur- 
ing the year 1922 was $14,246,228.00. The per capita loss 
in the Commonwealth was $3.69. The total fire loss in the 
United States, ascertained from the most reliable figures, 
was over $500,000,000. 

Fire losses from the so-called preventable causes are 
always heavy. In our Commonwealth such losses are 
estimated to have been more than $4,779,882.00 in 1922. 

To the tremendous losses already set forth must be 
added the loss of human lives and the great destruction of 
growing timber. 

It is appalling to think of this loss of life and property 
which might have been prevented by care on the part of 
individuals. Everything possible should be done to lessen 
the fire hazard. 

During Fire Prevention Week let there be earnest con- 
sideration of methods to accomplish this purpose, and to 
make the fire loss for the next year the lowest in the history 
of the Commonwealth. 


294 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-sixth day of September, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-three, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


295 


Che Commonmealth of Massarlnwetts 


By His Honor ALVAN T. FULLER, LirutEenant GovERNor, 
ActiInGc GOVERNOR 


A -PROCLAMATION 


For the purpose of protecting property and conserving the 
forest and timber land of the Commonwealth, sections 29 
and 30, chapter 131, General Laws, has placed upon the 
Governor in the following words the responsibility of sus- 
pending the open season for the hunting of any kind of 
game when in his opinion public exigency requires: 


SEcTION 29. Whenever, during an open season for the hunting of 
any kind of game, it shall appear to the governor that by reason of ex- 
treme drouth the use of firearms is likely to cause forest fires, he may, 
by proclamation, suspend the open season and make it a close season for 
the shooting of birds and wild animals of every kind for such time as 
he may designate and may prohibit the discharge of firearms on or near 
forest land during the said time; provided that the governor, by procla- 
mation, may extend such open season on pheasants, partridges, wood- 
cock, quail and squirrels for a period equivalent to the time of such sus- 
pension or for a shorter time, as soon as the forest shall be deemed free 
from danger by fire, but the open season on woodcock shall not be ex- 
tended beyond the time established by federal law as the end of the 
open season on woodcock in this commonwealth. 

Section 30. During a close season proclaimed as aforesaid, all laws 
relating. to the close season shall be in force, and whoever violates any 
provision thereof shall be subject to the penalty prescribed therefor. 
Whoever, during a close season so proclaimed, discharges a firearm on or 
near forest land, or shoots any wild animal or bird, as to which there is 
no close season otherwise provided by law, shall be punished by a fine of 
not more than one hundred dollars. 


In view of the extreme drouth now existing and the great 
danger to property and lives which might result from the 
opening of the hunting season, the Commissioner of Con- 


296 


servation, who is charged with the preservation of our natu- 
ral resources, has urgently requested the exercise of my 
authority under the provision of chapter 131, General Laws. 

It must be obvious to every public-spirited citizen that 
the danger arising from even the small percentage of fires 
started by hunters may be considerable, not alone in direct 
and actual monetary loss, but indirectly in the far-reaching 
and disastrous results through the destruction of useful 
birds and by the deterrent effect upon labor and capital 
which is now being put into the development of forest 
woodland and orchard properties by individuals and by the 
Commonwealth. 

I therefore consider that the public may be best served 
by suspending the present open season on any kind of 
game or animals until a general drenching rain has quenched 
the present numerous fires and made conditions again 
favorable within the Commonwealth. 

It is earnestly hoped that the present situation will con- 
tinue for only a short time and as soon as it is deemed safe 
and proper proclamation will be made opening the hunting 
season. 

Upon the request of the Commissioner of Conservation, 
I hereby proclaim as provided in sections 29 and 30, chapter 
131, General Laws, that the open season for hunting of all 
kinds of game and animals will be suspended from sunset 
on Friday, October nineteenth, until further notice. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this sixteenth day of October, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
three, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
eighth. 


ALVAN T. FULLER. 
By His Honor the Lieutenant Governor, Acting Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


297 


Che Commonuralth of Massachusetts 


By His Honor ALVAN T. FULLER, Lizrutenant Governor, 
ActTInG GOVERNOR 


A PROCLAMATION 


As provided by chapter one hundred thirty-one, section 
twenty-nine, General Laws, it became my duty to suspend 
the open season on wild game. 

It now appears that sufficient rain has fallen to remove 
the danger of forest fires, and it therefore becomes equally 
my duty to proclaim hereby that the open season on hunting 
is again in force, as of twelve o’clock noon, October 20, 1923. 

Said season to close as of twelve o’clock noon, November 
21, 1923, on all birds and game affected by the present 
statutory season opening October 20 and closing November 
20 in each year. 

In proclaiming again the open season I wish to express 
appreciation for the splendid spirit with which the sportsmen 
of our Commonwealth responded to the requirements of the 
situation. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twentieth day of October, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
three, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
eighth. 


ALVAN T. FULLER. 
By His Honor the Lieutenant Governor, Acting Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


298 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excetnency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


In no other respect has the democratic impulse of our 
people been more profoundly felt than in the field of educa- 
tion. From the years in which our government was founded 
to the present time, there has been a deep conviction that 
widespread educational opportunity is essential to the 
success of democracy. The foundation of the common 
school was coincident with the foundation of our govern- 
ment itself. With every passing decade, the people have 
with enlarged vision planned constructively for increasing 
the facilities of popular education. The record of the 
growth and development of public education in America is 
embodied in the history of Massachusetts. Upon our 
institutions of learning from the elementary school to the 
colleges, universities, and professional schools, our people 
must depend in the future as they have depended in the 
past for the fulfillment of their civic, economic, and social 
aspirations. 

Therefore, in recognition of the important place of educa- 
tion among the activities of a free people, and with the 
purpose of stimulating a study of the needs of education in 
relation to its further. service to the Commonwealth, I 
hereby designate the week from November 18 to 24, in- 


clusive, as 
Education Week 


and recommend that throughout this week the public join 
with the authorities charged with the administration of 


299 


public education and of all institutions of learning in ap- 
propriate exercises and activities designed to exalt the ideals 
and purposes of education and to make them increasingly 
effective in the life of the people. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-second day of October, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-three, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


300 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhusetts 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


It is required by chapter two hundred and ten of the acts 
of the year one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three, 
that the Governor shall annually issue a proclamation, 
calling for a proper observance of November the eleventh, as 


Armistice Day 


The greatest war of all time ended with the armistice 
granted by the allied nations on November the eleventh, 
one thousand nine hundred and eighteen. The joy and 
relief which came to the hearts of millions of people over all 
the world in the cessation of hostilities ought never to be 
forgotten. Humanity took new hope, and faith in civi- 
lization was revived. 

Massachusetts must never forget the magnificent response 
of her sons and daughters during those months of terrible 
oversea struggle. The story of that period tells of a people 
ennobled and exalted in their devotion to a cause which 
stirred their souls. 

In recognition of the service of those sons and daughters 
of Massachusetts who served in the army and navy of the 
United States during the World War, and in grateful re- 
membrance of all that the first Armistice Day brought to 
the world, it is fitting that our churches especially observe 
its anniversary on Sunday, November the eleventh, and 
that, as the anniversary approaches, there be special exer- 
cises in our schools, which may keep fresh its significance. 


301 


Fraternal and other organizations may well lead our people 
in expressions of rejoicing, not alone for Armistice Day, but 
also that to-day we are at peace with all the world. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this first day of November, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
three, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


302 


Che Commonwealth of Massarhusetia 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Since the beginning it has been a fine Massachusetts 
custom to set apart one day each year for the special pur- 
pose of giving thanks and praise to Almighty God for the 
gifts which He has bestowed. The Nation long ago came 
to see the wisdom of such a course, and now in crowded city 
and in smallest hamlet our people are glad of the occasion 
to pause and make grateful acknowledgment of the bounties 
which they have enjoyed. The devout and sturdy Pil- 
grims found abundant cause for the first Thanksgiving Day 
in the bare deliverance from the terrors of absolute want. 
In contrast today, when comforts are general, when summer 
has poured forth plenty, and when autumn has given rich 
overflowing stores, our gratitude should be boundless, and 
our songs of praise should rise without measure of restraint. 
Our Nation has been at peace. Our people have been 
industrious. They have shown heartfelt and generous 
sympathy for other peoples in distress. Their love of coun- 
try found new depths in universal sorrow for the loss of 
their leader who gave his life in their service. Chastened 
and refined by honorable grief, they have gone forward with 
new resolution. Children have enjoyed advantages which 
their parents could not have. The opportunities for edu- 
cation have been widened. ‘There is a general desire to be 
worthy rather than wealthy, and to minister rather than 
be ministered unto. Indeed, our blessings are without 
number. 


303 


Now, therefore, in accordance with tradition, and by and 
with the advice and consent of the Honorable Council, I, 
CHANNING H. Cox, Governor of the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts, do hereby appoint Thursday, the twenty- 
ninth of November, as 


A Day of Thanksgiving and Praise 


to Almighty God, “the Giver of every good and perfect 
Gilt.” 

Let us with a gladsome mind, 

Praise the Lord, for He is kind; 

For His mercies shall endure, 

Ever faithful, ever sure. 


Let this be a day of joy for fathers and mothers. Let 
sons and daughters return to their homes. At altar and 
family hearthstone let the people join in reverent acknowl- 
edgment of their rich favors, and in prayer for our Com- 
monwealth, our country, and the true happiness of the 
whole world. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this seventeenth day of November, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-three, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and - 
forty-eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


304 


Che Commonuralth of Massarhusrtis 


By His Excetnency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Warren Gamaliel Harding, twenty-ninth President of the 
United States, died in the service of his country. He ex- 
hausted himself in efforts to solve the post-war problems 
that beset all civilization, and wore himself out in perform- 
ing the onerous and ever-multiplying duties that have fallen 
to the lot of our Presidents. 

An association of citizens of the United States, including 
the President and his entire cabinet, has been incorporated 
for the purpose of erecting a suitable memorial to our late 
President. 

The threefold purpose of this association is to erect and 
maintain in perpetuity a mausoleum wherein to place the 
remains of the late President, to acquire his home in Marion, 
Ohio, for conversion into a shrine wherein all his personal 
effects, books, speeches, mementos and belongings, together 
with a roll of the names of all those who contribute to the 
fund for these purposes, may be preserved in affectionate 
memory and understanding; and to endow a Warren 
Gamaliel Harding Chair of Diplomacy and the Functions 
of Government in connection with some existing university. 

Whereas, I am confident that it is the desire of all good 
citizens of this State to assist in perpetuating the memory 
of the man who has held the high office of President of the 
United States and commanded so universally the affection 
and respect of those for whom he labored and laid down 
his life: 


305 


Now, Therefore, 1, CHANNING H. Cox, Governor of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, do hereby proclaim for 
this purpose the week of December 9 to December 16 


Harding Memorial Week 


and urge all religious, business, social, fraternal and civic 
bodies to commemorate our late President in a fitting 
manner at one of their regular or special services or meet- 
ings, and to contribute to this memorial according to their 
means and inclination. 

It would be most fitting for all our colleges and schools, 
both public and private, to hold exercises which may set 
forth the duties and powers of the President of the United 
States and emphasize the tremendous responsibilities and 
burdens which that office imposes. May every student in 
our colleges and schools have some part, however small, in 
establishing a suitable memorial to a sincere and devoted 
leader who gave his all in the service of his country in a 
most difficult period. In the calm review of President Hard- 
ing’s labor for the welfare of our times, and in preserving 
the example of his sacrifice, we may find new inspiration to 
be worthier citizens of a country which has enjoyed noble 
leadership. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fifth day of December, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
three, and of the-Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


306 


Che Commonmealth of Massarhusetts 
By His Excetnency CHANNING H. COX, Governor . 


A PROCLAMATION 


In each generation of America great men have stood forth 
as the sufficient leaders of their day. Controversies have 
raged around them while they lived. ‘Their motives have 
been misunderstood. Only when death has wrapped her 
mantle about them can there be a dispassionate appraise- 
ment of the value of their service, — an appraisement free 
from rancor and bitterness. Sometimes when years have 
intervened, even after their death, the calm judgment of 
posterity revises the estimate of a leader’s contemporaries. 
How wonderful that as the figure of Abraham Lincoln 
becomes a fast-fading picture in the eyes of all who looked 
upon him, the nobility of his character, his power to see 
the right, his courage to do justice, and his abiding faith in 
God and his fellow men become year by year more vital in 
the hearts of his countrymen. Others may have possessed 
more grace and charm, but to his genuineness, to his true- 
ness, to his sincerity of purpose, to his mighty achievement, 
and to his sacrifice, a grateful people turn as they seek an 
expression of their ideal. They find never-failing inspira- 
tion in the contemplation of one, denied all favoring gifts 
of birth or circumstance, rising in majestic power to pre- 
serve a nation and to make a people free. Their faith is 
born anew for they see him — 


As one who knows, where there’s a task to do, 

Man’s honest will must Heaven’s good grace command; 
Who trusts the strength will with the burden grow, 
That God makes instruments to work His will — 


307 


To the end that the memory of his public service and 
private virtues may be perpetuated in the Commonwealth, 
now, therefore, by authority of law, I hereby make proc- 
lamation setting apart the twelfth day of February as 


Lincoln Day 


with the recommendation that it be appropriately observed 
in the churches, in the schools, by the fireside, and wherever 
our people come together, so that the glory of such a life 
may live on forever and give new hope to our day and to the 
generations yet to be. 

Witness, His Excellency the Governor, at 
Boston, this first day of February, in the year 
of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-four, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


308 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, GovEerRnor 


A PROCLAMATION RESPECTING THE LATE WOOD- 
ROW WILSON 


With profound sorrow the people of our Commonwealth 
have learned of the death of Woodrow Wilson. ‘The leader 
who carried the heavy burden of their national government 
during eight years of deepest trial has ended his earthly 
labors. His was the mighty responsibility of summoning the 
American people to enter the greatest of wars and to hold 
them steadfast in their purpose unto the end. His large 
contribution to the preservation of civilization will be held 
in most grateful remembrance. The country is the better 
for the ideals to which he gave expression. He gave his life 
in the service of a people who honored him living and who 
are crushed in universal grief by his death. 

In token of the love and reverence which our people bore 
him, I direct that the national and State flags be flown at 
half-staff on all the buildings of the Commonwealth for a 
period of thirty days, and urge that in our schools and 
churches his loss be marked with proper ceremony. 


309 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fourth day of February, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
four, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


310 


Che Conmmonmuralth of Massarlusrtia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The present year marks the one hundredth anniversary 
of the organization in London, England, of the first Society 
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. ‘Today in every 
State of the Union there are branches of this society, and it 
is through the influence of the Massachusetts Society for 
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals that “Be Kind to 
Animals Week”’ was first established. ‘Today the appeal is 
general throughout the United States. 

In fitting recognition of the one hundredth anniversary 
of this noble endeavor, I appoint Sunday, April 6, 1924, as 


Humane Sunday 
and the week of April 7-12, 1924, as 
Be Kind to Animals Week 


During this time, especially, our citizens are asked to make 
a genuine effort to further this humane cause of kindness to 
dumb animals. 


311 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this eighteenth day of March, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-four, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


312 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Covenaee 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whether dwelling in urban or rural communities, all of 
our citizens have a vital concern in conserving our forests 
and in protecting them from needless destruction. We need 
wood for shelter and heat. We need forests to stabilize the 
flow of streams which not only turn wheels of industry but 
bring pure drinking water to our cities. We need the cool 
and quiet of groves where we may seek rest from confusion 
and turmoil, and we need forests as cover for the birds and 
small wild animals which have shown their friendship and 
value to men. 

The Commonwealth is endeavoring to stimulate the plant- 
ing and growing of trees. More than 100,000 acres of waste 
land in Massachusetts are now being reclaimed and planted 
with forest trees. The Commonwealth also has 20,000,000 
forest trees in nurseries, to be furnished cities and towns 
free of cost for town forests. Already thirty-five mu- 
nicipal forests have been established here, with the promise 
that many other cities and towns will help in this work of 
conservation. Although progress has been made, the 
practical work of conserving our forests must be extended, 
and it must have the intelligent and sympathetic support of 
our people. Fire waste no less than wanton destruction 
must be eliminated, for each year large tracts of timber are 
devastated by forest fires caused by the carelessness of those 
who frequent the woods. | 


313 


Therefore, in obedience to the law of the Commonwealth, 
I designate Saturday, the twenty-sixth day of April, as 


Arbor and Bird Day 
and the week beginning April twenty-first, as 
Forest Protection Week 


and recommend that wherever possible each citizen plant a 
tree or shrub, and in any event, give consideration to the 
vital need of forest conservation and protection. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston 
this eighth day of April, in the year of Our Lord 
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-four, 
and of the Independence of the United States of 
America the one hundred and forty-eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


314 


Ohe Commanwealth of Massarhusetia 


By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The flag of a nation is the symbol of its government, its 
power, and its history. The flag of the United States 
represents the greatest republic the world has ever known. 
It represents a peace-loving, industrious people who have 
developed the resources given them by nature. It rep- 
resents a people who have a firm belief in God, who desire 
the good will of other peoples, and whose hearts go out to 
the poor and unfortunate the world over. To maintain that 
flag our people have been willing to make great sacrifices 
both at home and abroad. It has been necessary to wage 
constant battle for justice and right, not only here but 
across the seas. ‘The valor displayed by our soldiers and 
sailors in defending that flag and the principles whichit 
represents enriches the honorable record of a worthy people. 

The one hundred and forty-seventh anniversary of the 
adoption by the Continental Congress in 1777 of the flag 
approaches. In accordance with the provisions of a resolve 
of the year 1911, I hereby proclaim Saturday, June 14, as 


Flag Day 


and earnestly recommend that fitting exercises be held in 
its honor throughout the Commonwealth, and that every 
citizen renew his pledge of loyalty and allegiance to the 
flag and the Republic for which it stands. 


é 


315 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-four, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-eighth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


316 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The total fire loss for Massachusetts in 1923 was 
$19,022,000, an increase of $4,777,000 over the previous 
year. The per capita loss was $4.94. Of the entire loss for 
the year, the so-called preventable loss was $17,000,000. 
The total fire loss for the country was over $500,000,000 
last year. The enormous economic loss, the frequent loss of 
life, and the loss of employment oftentimes entailing misery 
are distressing features not revealed by figures. Since the 
major portion of the loss of human life and material wealth 
could have been avoided by reasonable precautions and 
proper exercise of care, it is evident that with concerted 
action this large burden can be lessened. ‘That there may 
be earnest. consideration of methods to accomplish such a 
desirable purpose, I hereby designate and set apart the 
period from October 5 to 11, inclusive, as 


Fire Prevention Week 


Civic organizations and the press are urged to join in an 
effort to impress upon the public the economic and human 
aspects of the situation created by needless burning. Amer- 
ican efficiency should not tolerate such a readily eliminable 
drain upon our resources. 


317 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this third day of October, in the year of Our 
Lord one thouSand nine hundred and twenty- 
four, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


318 


Che Commonwealth of Massarluwetia 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Sections twenty-nine and thirty of chapter one hundred 
thirty-one of the General Laws impose upon the Governor 
the responsibility of suspending the open season for hunt- 
ing of any kind of game when in his opinion public exigency 
requires the protection of property and conservation of 
forest and timber land. | 

In view of the extreme drouth now existing and the great 
danger to property and lives which might result from the 
continuance of the hunting season, the Commissioner of 
Conservation, who is charged with the preservation of our 
natural resources, has urgently requested a suspension of the 
open season. 

The record of forest fires for the past month as reported 
to the State Fire Warden is as follows: : 


Fires for the week ending October 4 ; a f racy & 2 
Fires for the week ending October11 . . . . . . 1. 84 
Fires for the week ending October 18. : ; ote 
Fires for the week ending October 25 . : ‘ : ‘ ou Oa 


A similar record in neighboring States has compelled the 
closing of the hunting seasons there. According to the 
Weather Bureau the rainfall during the month of October 
was .22 inches as against the usual rainfall of 3.68 inches. 
The Weather Bureau is unable to predict any immediate 
relief from this situation. 

It must be obvious to every public-spirited citizen that 
the danger arising from even the small percentage of fires 


319 


started by hunters may be considerable, not alone in direct 
and actual monetary loss, but indirectly in the far-reaching 
and disastrous results through the destruction of useful birds 
and by the deterrent effect upon labor and capital which is 
now being put into the development of forest woodland and 
orchard properties by individuals and by the Commonwealth. 

It therefore appears that the public may be best served by 
suspending the present open season upon any kind of game 
or animals until a general drenching rain has quenched the 
numerous fires and made conditions again favorable within 
the Commonwealth. 

It is earnestly hoped that the present situation will con- 
tinue for only a short time, and as soon as it is deemed safe 
and proper proclamation will be made opening the hunting 
season again. 

Upon the request of the Commissioner of Conservation, 
I hereby proclaim as provided in sections twenty-nine and 
thirty, chapter one hundred thirty-one, General Laws, that 
the open season for hunting of all kinds of game and animals 
will be suspended from sunset on Tuesday, October 28, 
until further notice. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 

& this twenty-eighth day of October, in the year 

$ of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 

twenty-four, and of the Independence of the 

United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


320 


Che Conmonuralth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


Six years ago, on a clear November morning, Americans 
were awakened by the joyful pealing of bells, proclaiming 
that the greatest war in history had culminated in victory, 
hard earned and well won. No man or woman who was 
alive on that day can ever forget the exaltation of that 
moment, the laughter and the tears, the jubilation and the 
deeper emotions which sought expression in prayers of 
gratitude. 

As that anniversary recurs, the spirit of our people, 
thankful that the cup of conflict was so soon permitted to 
pass, and soberly conscious that some of the problems and 
burdens coming out of that war are still upon us, pauses in 
recollection of our own part in that great struggle. 

Let us, on this anniversary, remember the men, clear- 
eyed and young, who stood between us and defeat, who 
happily went forward; who suffered without complaint, who, 
reinforcing the worn levies of our Allies, pushed forward 
and saved the day for humanity. Some lie in beautiful 
France, where nature’s healing touch has covered the scars 
of battle; some lie here in hallowed spots of the land they 
loved; some, still torn by the cruelty of war, present ex- 
amples of sacrifice ennobled and inspiring. The rest of that 
splendid army and navy, excepting those few whose duty 
still makes them our defenders, are bearing their part in 
the affairs of men, cherishing the memory of the service 
which they so freely gave mankind. 

We remember as well those delicately nurtured women, 


321 


who, from the surge of their spirit, gave to striving and 
victory that touch which only woman’s sweet, gracious 
sympathy can bring to the affairs of mankind, be they 
calm or turbulent. 

Because of the gratitude which we owe these men and 
women, the General Court has required by chapter two 
hundred and ten of the acts of the year one thousand nine 
hundred and twenty-three, that the Governor shall annually 
issue a proclamation, calling for a proper observance of 
November the eleventh as 


Armistice Day 


It is fitting that the people of Massachusetts, in their 
homes, their places of worship, and the meeting places of 
their social and fraternal organizations, observe Armistice 
Day, by giving recognition to the obligation which we owe 
to those who brought victory to our arms and those who, 
close to the field of operations, supported our army and 
navy. It is also fitting that we take renewed inspiration 
from such deeds, that the citizenship which was so valiantly 
maintained shall in time of peace be strengthened and 
sustained. 

Above all, let us seek the guidance of Almighty God, that 
we may walk in righteous paths and that we may deserve 
and enjoy the blessings of an honorable peace, maintained 
under His protection with all the nations of the world. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fifth day of November, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
four, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


322 


Che Commonwealth of Mazsachusrtis 
By His Excetnency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


To the Citizens of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 


Tt becomes my solemn duty to announce the death of our 
senior United States Senator, Henry Cabot Lodge, who 
died late last night in the city of Cambridge. The death 
of Senator Lodge, who has represented the Commonwealth 
in'the United States Senate since March 4, 1893, comes as 
a great shock and brings profound grief to the citizens of 
Massachusetts. 

A great man has gone from us. The character of his 
long public service may be measured by the highest stand- 
ards, and it will not be found wanting. For a generation it 
- made him a national figure. He never avoided a struggle 
for the principles which he embraced, and he met such con- 
tests with the vigor and grasp of an outstanding statesman. 
His broad culture and intellectuality were known not only 
to his countrymen but over all the world. His talents 
would have made him eminent in any walk of life. This is 
made clear by his rank as an historian, biographer and 
essayist. He chose, however, the public service, and be- 
came not only a great party leader but one of the great 
Americans of his time. His name will be written large in 
the history of his country, and will ever be cherished by 
the Commonwealth which he so ably served and so pas- 
sionately loved. Massachusetts has been fortunate in the 
line of distinguished men who have been her representatives 
in the United States Senate, and Henry Cabot Lodge’s 
place is secure in this honored company. 


323 


In the deep solicitude which the people have shown dur- 
ing the last days of Senator Lodge’s illness there has been 
a reflection of the appreciation of the distinguished service 
which he has rendered our people, and in the generous 
tributes from men of all parties and all walks of life there 
has been convincing evidence of the veneration in which he 
was held by his fellow citizens of Massachusetts. 

In recognition of his eminent services and as a signof 
mourning for the passing of one who so richly contributed 
to all that is noblest and best in the traditions of Massa- 
chusetts, it seems fitting that the State departments be 
closed during the hour of his funeral, that the flags through- 
out the Commonwealth be placed at half staff from now 
until after his body has been laid at rest, and that our 
citizens by all appropriate methods show their respect for 
his memory. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this tenth day of November, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
four, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W, COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


324 


Che Conunonuealth of Massarhusetia 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


The dignity of a nation depends in a great degree upon 
the literacy of its people. No nation’s problem is more 
ever-present than the education of its people. This is 
especially true of the United States. Our great citizen- 
ship, recruited from many sources, can be best unified by 
drawing together all our elements through the common 
touch which comes from the understanding of our language, 
and, through it, a knowledge of our ideals. 

The one sure way to governmental permanence is through 
education. While there are a few who abuse knowledge, 
and while there are those to whom “a little knowledge is a 
dangerous thing,” it is only ignorance that can be led into 
revolt. The disturber may, with the advantage of his own 
misapplied education, find it easier to lead others along the 
path he treads, but he knows that his strength lies in the 
lack of schooling of those who follow him. 

The custom has lately been established of setting aside a 
week in each year for the consideration of the problems 
arising from the efforts to decrease the illiteracy of this 
Nation and to continue to build up a far-reaching and 
helpful educational system. In no part of this Nation has 
this custom met a heartier response than in Massachusetts, 
whose seats of learning — schools, academies, colleges, uni- 
versities — are among her dearest heritages. Here child and 
youth, man or woman, may drink deep at the well of knowl- 
edge. Here those whose days are given to business may in 
their evenings continue to study. The Commonwealth is 


325 


the rock upon which rests all our institutions of learning, 
public and private. Her own activities are manifold, and 
the is the partner of all, who within her boundaries carry 
she torch of knowledge. 

Now, therefore, in recognition of the ever-present need 
of a responsible citizenship, made and kept so through edu- 
cation, I appoint the week of November seventeenth to 
twenty-third inclusive, as 


American Education Week 


and recommend that our citizens give active support to 
this effort to make our Nation still greater and nobler by 
encouraging and assisting- her in the widespread giving of 
the greatest gift she can offer to her citizens. 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twelfth day of November, in the year of Our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
four, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 
By His Excellency the Governor. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


326, 


Che Conumonuealth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION 


From the beginning, the people of Massachusetts at the 
call of their chosen leaders have been wont to set apart one 
day each autumn for giving thanks to Almighty God for 
the blessings which He has bestowed upon His children 
during the year. Customs which reflect the aspirations of 
the soul are enduring. This beautiful festival, first cele- 
brated at Plymouth, is now observed throughout the entire 
Nation. Even beyond the borders of our country, wherever 
Americans may be, this fine custom bids them pause to re- 
appraise their heritage and to renew their faith. A mighty 
people does well to follow the reverential example of that 
small company of indomitable Pilgrims. They prayed for 
a continuance of God’s infinite mercy, but first their over- 
flowing hearts gratefully acknowledged the rich and boun- 
teous gifts which were already theirs from His sustaining 
hands. 

Now, Therefore, 11 accordance with ennobling tradition, 
and by and with the consent of the Honorable Council, I, 
CHANNING H. Cox, Governor of the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts, do hereby appoint Thursday, the twenty- 
seventh day of November, as 


A Day of Thanksgiving and Praise 


Let devout hearts praise Him in places of worship and in 
the home as the sweet ties of family are renewed. Let us 
return thanks that our Nation is at peace; that our pros- 


327 


perity has enabled us to give succor and cheer to others 
less fortunate; that in our marts “‘trade, the calm health of 
nations,” still flows “‘in strengthening tides;’’ that no scourge 
or epidemic has swept over the land; and that nature has 
given so rich a harvest. Let us remember not alone our 
material blessings, but let us give thanks for all that has 
quickened a worthy spirit. Let each individual bring to 
his Maker gratitude for every hatred destroyed, for every 
degrading impulse conquered, for every prejudice aban- 
doned, and for every enlightened and tolerant thought, 
secure in the knowledge that every such expression will be 
pleasing in His sight. On this day let us join in a prayer 
for His continued blessing upon our Commonwealth, upon 
our country, and upon all Nations of the World. } 

Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this fourteenth day of November, in the year of | 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and 
twenty-four, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the one hundred and 
forty-ninth: ) 


CHANNING H. COX. 


) By His Excellency the Governor. 
FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. — 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


328 


Che Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


By His Honor FREDERIC W. COOK, Actinc GovERNOR 


A PROCLAMATION 


Whereas, As provided by law it became the duty of His 
Excellency the Governor to suspend the open season on 
wild game; and 

Whereas, The Commissioner of Conservation now advises 
that sufficient rain has fallen to remove the danger of forest 
fires, it therefore becomes equally my duty to proclaim 
hereby that the open season on hunting is again in force as 
of November 24, said season to close as of sunset, November 
29, on all birds and game affected by the present statutory 
season opening on October 20 and closing on November 20 
in each year. 

While under the law the season may be extended by a 
number of days equivalent to the closed period, this would 
be inadvisable owing to the fact that the open season on 
deer extends from sunrise on December 1 to sunset on 
December 6, during which period as a matter of safety the 
minimum of sportsmen should be permitted in the field on 
account of the possible dangers from the use of guns loaded 
with buckshot and ball, and also considering that during 
such period no hunting dogs may be used in the pursuit of 
birds or quadrupeds. 

In proclaiming again the open season, it is a great satis- 
faction to make record of the splendid spirit with which 
the sportsmen of our Commonwealth responded to the 
requirements of the situation. 


329 


Given at the Executive Chamber, in Boston, 
this twenty-fourth day of November, in the 
year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred 
and twenty-four, and of the Independence of 
the United States of America the one hundred 
and forty-ninth. 


FREDERIC W. COOK. 
By His Honor the Acting Governor. 


HERBERT H. BOYNTON, 
Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


330 


Ohe Conunowucalth of Massachusetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION CONCERNING THE ELECTION 
OF ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRES- 
IDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 


Whereas, It is provided by section 118 of chapter 54 of 
our General Laws that “The copies of the records of votes 
for presidential electors shall, in any event, within ten days 
after they have been transmitted to the secretary of the 
commonwealth be opened and examined by the governor 
and council, who shall thereafter declare, by proclamation 
printed in at least one newspaper in each county, the names 
of the persons who have received at least one-fifth of the 
entire number of votes cast for electors, and the number of 
votes received by each such person.” 

Now, Therefore, I, CHannina H. Cox, Governor, by 
virtue of the authority to me given in the chapter above 
cited, do, with the advice of Council, issue this, my procla- 
mation, and do hereby announce that at the election of 
electors of President and Vice-President, held on the fourth 
day of November last past, the following-named persons 
received the number of votes set against their names: 

[For names and votes, see election returns, office of 
Secretary of State] and that it appears from such returns 
that no other person received one-fifth of the whole number 
of votes cast at said election, for electors of President and 
Vice-President of the United States. 


331 


Given at the Council Chamber, in Boston, this 
twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of 
Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
four, and of the Independence of the United 
States of America the one hundred and forty- 
ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor, with the advice of the 
Council. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


332 


Che Commuonmealih of Massarhusetia 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION PROMULGATING THE SIXTY- 
EIGHTH ARTICLE OF AMENDMENT TO THE 
CONSTITUTION 


Whereas, A certain article of amendment to the Constitu- 
tion of the Commonwealth was agreed to in the manner 
prescribed in said Constitution, namely, in joint session by 
a majority of all the members elected to the general court 
of the year one thousand nine hundred and twenty-one, and 
also in the same manner by the general court of the year 
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three; 

And, Whereas, In accordance with said Constitution, said 
fact has been certified by the clerk of the joint session of 
the general court to the secretary of the Commonwealth for 
submission of said article of amendment to the people for 
their approval; which said article of amendment is as 
follows: 

ArticLE LXVIII 


Article III of the amendments to the constitution, as amended, is 
hereby further amended by striking out, in the first line, the word “male.” 


And, Whereas, The said article of amendment was duly 
approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the Com- 
monwealth voting thereon on the fourth day of November, 
instant: 

Now, Therefore, I, CHANNING H. Cox, Governor, with the 
advice and consent of the council, do issue this my procla- 
mation, and do hereby announce that the said article of 
amendment has become a part of the Constitution of the 


: 


333 


Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and all magistrates and 
officers and all citizens of the Commonwealth are required 
to take notice hereof and govern themselves accordingly. 

Witness, His Excellency the Governor, at 
Boston, this twenty-sixth day of November, in 
the year of Our Lord one thousand nine hun- 
dred and twenty-four, and of the Independence 
of the United States of America the one hundred 
and forty-ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor, with the advice and 
consent of the Council. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


334 


Che Commonwealth of Massarlnsetts 
By His Excettency CHANNING H. COX, Governor 


A PROCLAMATION PROMULGATING THE SIXTY- 
NINTH ARTICLE OF AMENDMENT TO THE 
CONSTITUTION 


Whereas, A certain article of amendment to the Consti- 
tution of the Commonwealth was agreed to in the manner 
prescribed in said Constitution, namely, in joint session by 
a majority of all the members elected to the general court 
of the year one thousand nine hundred and twenty-one, and 
also in the same manner by the general court of the year 
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three; 

And, Whereas, In accordance with said Constitution, said | 
fact has been certified by the clerk of the joint session of the 
general court to the secretary of the Commonwealth for 
submission of said article of amendment to the people for — 
their approval; which said article of amendment is as fol- 
lows: 

ARTICLE LXIX 


Section 1. No person shall be deemed to be ineligible to hold state, 
county or municipal office by reason of sex. 

Section 2. Article IV of the articles of amendment of the constitu- 
tion of the commonwealth, as amended by Article LVII of said amend- 
ments, is hereby further amended by striking out the words “‘Change 
of name shall render the commission void, but shall not prevent reap- 
pointment under the new name’’, and inserting in place thereof the 
following words: — Upon the change of name of any woman, she shall 
re-register under her new name and ‘shall pay such fee therefor as shall 
be established by the general court. 


And, Whereas, The said article of amendment was duly » 
approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the Com- 


335 


monwealth voting thereon on the fourth day of November, 
instant: 

Now, Therefore, I, Cuanntne H. Cox, Governor, with the 
- advice and consent of the Council, do issue this my procla- 
mation, and do hereby announce that the said article of 
amendment has become a part of the Constitution of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and all magistrates and 
officers and all citizens of the Commonwealth are required 
to take notice hereof and govern themselves accordingly. 

Witness, His Excellency the Governor, at 
Boston, this twenty-sixth day of November, in 
the year of Our Lord one thousand nine hun- 
dred and twenty-four, and of the Independence 
of the United States of America the one hundred 
and forty-ninth. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


By His Excellency the Governor, with the advice and 
consent of the Council. 


FREDERIC W. COOK, 


Secretary of the Commonwealth. 


God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 


OFFICIAL ADDRESSES 


AT THE CELEBRATION OF THE THREE HUNDREDTH 
ANNIVERSARY OF THE RETURN OF THE 
‘*MAYFLOWER ”’ 


April 15, 1921 


A few months ago the eyes of the Nation were turned to 
Plymouth as the three hundredth anniversary of the landing 
of the Pilgrims was so fittingly commemorated. The story 
of resolute and determined men and women was retold, of 
the departure from England for Holland to avoid persecu- 
tion, of their preparation for migrating to a new country, 
of the eventful voyage itself and of the miscalculation which 
brought the ‘Mayflower’? to Massachusetts Bay, and the 
decision to try their lot here at Plymouth. Again the people 
were thrilled in the contemplation of the mighty influence of 
the founders of Plymouth Colony upon the life of a great 
and powerful Nation. The twenty-first of December, 1620, 
is accepted as the date which marks the culmination of hopes 
long cherished, as the end of much anxiety, and as the begin- 
ning of a new civilization. That date may well stand as the 
most important in the history of the Pilgrims. 

There must have been joy in the hearts of that little com- 
pany, who had been for months in such close quarters on the 
** Mayflower,”’ as they landed here in December with the real- 
ization that here they were to stay, and with some assurance 
that here they might have sufficient food and shelter to keep 
soul and body together through the winter. And they settled 
down to the task of battling for an existence, and they 
battled against great odds. No one who has any imagina- 
tion, no one who has real human sympathy, can read of the 
hardships which the Pilgrims suffered during that first 
winter without being deeply moved. It is small wonder that 
men and women glory if they may trace their ancestry to 
those who voluntarily entered upon an expedition requiring 


340 


so much sacrifice and so much privation. And yet through 
all that winter there was one reason for consolation. There 
was an ever-present way out of their difficulty. The Pilgrims 
knew that the winter must end, and if they were alive when 
the good weather came again, there lay the “‘Mayflower” 
at anchor in the harbor. They could pronounce the venture 
a failure and they could sail back home. 

Then came April 15, 1621, and the “‘Mayflower” weighed 
anchor and set sail on the return voyage — the return to 
home. Of the hundred who had landed in December, fifty- 
one had succumbed to various ills, and they lay buried on 
yonder hilltop. The survivors had the opportunity to return 
home with the ‘‘ Mayflower,” but not one was willing to turn 
back from the great work which had been begun. What 
must have been the thoughts of the members of that frail 
colony in this town three hundred years ago this night? 
When the ‘“‘ Mayflower”’ sailed out of sight, their one chance 
to return was gone. From that day the Pilgrims became 
exiles indeed. We do well to pause tonight and try to grasp 
the significance of April 15, 1621, in the life of the Pilgrims. 
It was the day of renunciation. It was a day of reconsecra- 
tion to a noble purpose. With heavy hearts, no doubt, but 
with true Christian fortitude, the Pilgrims turned to the work 
of making a permanent home in New England, and of pre- 
paring for others whom they hoped might have the faith 
and the courage to join them. The Pilgrims were strong as 
they determined to leave England. ‘The Pilgrims were 
strong as they determined to set out for the new world. 
The Pilgrims, reduced in numbers, weakened by the awful 
sufferings of that first winter, stand revealed as men and 
women of sublime moral courage, in their choice of April 15, 
1621, to remain steadfast and to complete the work of es- 
tablishing civil and religious liberty. 

Sometimes today we hear complaints of untoward condi- 
tions. Sometimes we hear wails of despair. Sometimes we 
see men dissatisfied with their lot and refusing to make their 
fair contribution to the cause of humanity. They feel that 
the world has dealt more generously with some of their fellow 
men. They would deprive others of the rewards earned by 


341 


thrift and industry and self-denial. On a great anniversary 
such as we commemorate tonight, when we pay tribute to 
the strength of character of those who laid firmly the founda- 
tions of our institutions, I have faith to believe that we may 
recelve new inspiration to do even as they and to meet our 
problems with courage; that we may be confirmed in our real 
purpose; and that we may resolve firmly to safeguard the 
priceless heritage of the fathers, and to be in truth worthy 
inheritors of a glorious past. The America to whose up- 
building the Pilgrims contributed so much is still the haven 
of the oppressed. America is still the land of opportunity. 
The world looks to America for leadership, and in her ideals 
a tired humanity finds its brightest hope. This is not the 
hour for discouragement. Let us, with the faith of the 
Pilgrims as they saw the “Mayflower”’ disappear, lift our 
eyes from the picture of despair and turn with confidence 
to the day which is dawning, and greet with a hail the sun 
which is rising upon a new day of greater splendor and glory 
for America. 


342 


AT THE INAUGURATION OF DR. ERNEST FOX 
NICHOLS AS PRESIDENT OF MASSACHUSETTS 
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 


Cambridge, June 8, 1921 


Massachusetts is small in area. She has not been able to 
supply large quantities of food to the rest of the world. 
Massachusetts is not rich in natural resources. She has 
not been able to furnish timber or to yield precious ores for 
other States. But to her glory Massachusetts has been rich 
in men capable of service, and these she has generously 
given to the world. Men have fared forth from Massachu- 
setts carrying with them a love of civil and religious liberty. 
Men have gone forth from Massachusetts carrying with them 
an understanding of free institutions, and wherever they 
have settled, there they have been leaders in establishing 
and maintaining ordered government under law. Men have 
learned history in Massachusetts, and they have been able 
to aid their fellow men in charting a future course in the light 
of past experience. Massachusetts was early to recognize 
the importance of science, and she has been zealous to offer 
to her sons every opportunity of technical training. 

Today we have assembled at one of the great institutions 
of Massachusetts, —a seat of learning where men have 
studied with serious purpose under skilled teachers, and 
from which they have gone forth well equipped to do large 
things for the welfare of the world. The Institute of Tech- 
nology has brought prestige to Massachusetts. Her people 
rejoice in your strength, in your eminent faculty, in your 
superb buildings, in your endowment, in your mighty army 
of loyal alumni, and in the body of eager students coming 
here from all parts of the world. Massachusetts holds in 
tender regard those who have labored and sacrificed to make 


343 


Technology strong and great. So devoted, so gifted have 
been the leaders of this great school that when they have 
fallen one after another it has seemed a task of the utmost 
difficulty to fill their places. Today we meet with rejoicing. 
A new leader has answered the call of duty, and confidently 
we pledge our support to him who has so amply demon- 
strated his capacity as student, teacher, scientist, adminis- 
trator, and as a red-blooded leader of men. It is a particular 
satisfaction for me to have a brief part in these exercises, 
for one of the most pleasant recollections of my own college 
days is the course in physics which I took under your new 
president. No one could have such an opportunity and not 
be impressed with the wide learning, and, even more, the high 
character and genuine human sympathy of Dr. Nichols. 

So as the representative of the Commonwealth I welcome 
you, President Nichols, not only as the new head of this great 
institution which has contributed so richly to the good name 
of Massachusetts, but in these days of confusion I welcome 
you into the life of Massachusetts, knowing you to be a right- 
thinking, public-spirited citizen. May the Institute of 
Technology under your leadership enjoy continued success, 
and may her sons in larger measure than ever before be of 
real service to humanity. 


344 


AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY 


Cambridge, June 23, 1922 


Mr. Lowell in one of his essays tells of a pauper graduate 
who always borrowed a black coat and came to eat Com- 
mencement dinner, not that it was far better than the one 
which daily graced the board of the public institution where 
he lived, but that he might enjoy the satisfaction during the 
other 364 days of the year of having done something which 
none of his fellow commoners could do. No such motive 
has prompted you to come here today, but none the less, 
there must be a bit of satisfaction in the realization that you 
have earned the right to claim comradeship in this mighty 
association of Harvard graduates. It is like a home-coming 
when the younger brother is about to fare forth to make his 
own way in life. At such a time it is but natural that you 
should look with pride upon those who have rendered un- 
usual service and have achieved merited success, and that 
you should speak words of encouragement to those who have 
tried but have met failure. The emotions which have their 
play at such a time and on such an occasion are ennobling 
and inspiring. 

Your presence here today is evidence of your belief in the 
things for which Harvard stands, of your desire to help in 
the work which Harvard is doing, of your faith in Harvard. 
In these days when we have acquired the habit of ques- 
tioning the wisdom of almost everything, it is fine that we 
may have faith in an institution like Harvard. Massachu- 
setts owes much to Harvard. Men have come to Cambridge 
from all parts of the world. Here they have worked and 
lived among Massachusetts people, and wherever they have 
gone, there they have taken with them a sympathetic under- 
standing of Massachusetts. Harvard men have been among 


345 


the richest contributors to the well-being of this Common- 
wealth. It is a privilege to stand here where so many of 
my predecessors have stood, to acknowledge with gratitude 
the debt which Massachusetts owes to Harvard, and to urge 
that in the future the sons of Harvard may continue constant 
in their devoted service to Massachusetts. 

In a recent magazine article the question is asked, ‘‘ What 
constitutes an educated person today?”’ It might be easier 
to define an uneducated person. I am confident we could 
agree at least that a person is not educated who does not 
feel the vital need today of discharging his obligations as a 
citizen. That obligation cannot be discharged merely by 
casting an intelligent vote. In the continuous discussion of 
present problems, many of them are so complex and are.so 
far-reaching that sometimes in our quest to right the wrongs 
of the world we fail to do the practical things at hand which 
make a better community in which to live. In general, men 
would agree that our jury system honestly administered has 
been one of the mighty bulwarks of our liberties. In particu- 
lar we have recently found in one of our counties great diff- 
culty in constituting from 650 men summoned and 572 
examined a jury of 12 to decide a capital case. In general, 
we decry huge governmental expenditures. In particular, 
we find little popular support when an officer of government 
endeavors to prevent increases in salaries. A reduction of 
expenses must affect a branch of the service in which many 
good people are interested, and then there is a protest against 
crippling an important public undertaking. 

It was necessary to have great drives for the support of the 
war. Although the war has ended, the drives continue. We 
have drives for charities. We have known the Inter-church 
Movement. Weare having drives for legislation with all the 
enthusiasm and all the organization of a war-time activity. 
A few people determine upon some specific piece of legis- 
lation. They form an organization to promote it. Whether 
important or trifling, these well-intentioned people have no 
tolerance for a fair-minded legislator who tries to weigh its 
need in comparison with other State needs. Petitions are 
put in circulation. They are signed by thousands, although 


346 


many of the signers do not take the trouble to read the 
petition. They excuse themselves on the ground that the 
Legislature will know best. The Legislature, desiring to 
respond to real public opinion, sometimes forgets that the 
opposition is not organized. They listen to those who are 
talking, and consequently the number of regulations of 
conduct increases and the burdens of the State are piled 
high. Much of the legislation enacted as the result of such 
drives is beneficial and helpful, but some of the legislation 
attempts to have the State do in an inferior way things which 
the individual would be far better in doing for himself. 

If a man is to do his best in any calling he must have the 
best system of laws possible and the wisest administration. 
My plea to the men of Harvard, to all college men, to all 
educated. men, is that we may have a sense of individual 
responsibility as citizens. We ought to stop complaining 
about the wrongs other men are doing until we are sure that 
each one of us is doing his part honorably and well. We 
have found that there is no short cut to education. One 
has to learn by hard study. There is no short cut to thrift 
and industry, to character and self-reliance. An individual 
must acquire them for himself. If we are to continue strong 
as a nation, then we must be strong as individuals, having 
intelligent opinions, daring to express them, understanding 
our duties as citizens, and counting it a privilege to discharge 
them. The President of another University said recently, 
*““Every possible argument may be brought against de- 
mocracy except one—that something else has worked 
better.” May the men of Harvard, who have answered 
gloriously every call which America has made, now answer 
her call for stalwart defenders of democracy, to the end that 
human freedom may endure. 


SAT 


WELCOMING THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
STATES, WARREN G. HARDING, AT THE PLYM- 
OUTH CELEBRATION 


August 1, 1921 


Today we have assembled at our dearest Massachusetts 
shrine, at a great American shrine — the home of the Pil- 
gerims. Here we welcome representatives from England and 
Holland, the earlier homes of the Pilgrims, where their high 
purpose was formed, where their great decision was made, 
and where their momentous pilgrimage began. The spirit 
which the Pilgrims firmly planted on this very ground where 
we stand has in the course of three hundred years spread over 
the whole United States and has been the sturdiest inspira- 
tion of a mighty Nation. In our reverence of the Pilgrims, 
in our appreciation of their contribution to the world, and 
in our gratitude for the sacrifices and privations which made 
them rugged and strong, great is our joy that their final 
home was on Massachusetts Bay, and that their feet trod the 
soil of Massachusetts. We of Massachusetts would share 
our joy with those who have shared their glorious heritage. 

So, remembering with pride that whenever our country 
has called, Massachusetts has answered, and with the pledge 
that wherever the stars and stripes may lead there the 
white flag of Massachusetts will follow, we gladly welcome 
to Plymouth Rock the worthy representative of all the 
American people,— the President of the United States, 
Warren G. Harding. 


348 


ACCEPTING FROM MR. AND MRS. FREDERICK H. 
PRINCE A BRONZE TABLET IN MEMORY OF 
THEIR SON NORMAN PRINCE 


State House, Boston, October 15, 1921 


In behalf of the Commonwealth I accept with gratitude 
from you, Mr. and Mrs. Prince, this beautiful memorial to 
your son, Norman, and none the less a splendid son of 
Massachusetts. 

It is fitting that the record of a young life of high aspira- 
tion, of fine achievement, and, finally, of supreme self- 
sacrifice on a world’s battlefield, should be permanently 
preserved here in this building with our other treasures which 
recall devoted service to humanity. The life of Norman 
Prince, well lived, his death nobly met, recorded on this 
tablet, will be an inspiration to all who pause and con- 
template. 


349 


WELCOMING MARECHAL FERDINAND FOCH IN THE 
HALL OF FLAGS 


State House, Boston, Monday Morning, November 14, 1921 


The people of Massachusetts love liberty. Here ‘‘Ameri- 
can liberty raised its first voice,” and here “‘its youth was 
nurtured and sustained.’ That liberty-loving people gladly 
welcome you, Sir, defender of liberty and honored repre- 
sentative of a noble, free people. Devoted sons of Massa- 
chusetts have stood in the forefront of every battle line which 
the Nation has drawn. Around this hall are treasured the 
flags which those sons have proudly and bravely borne in 
battle, — flags always raised in a righteous cause, and never 
lowered in defeat. ‘Those sons who have dared for country 
thrice gladly welcome you, Sir, their supreme and victorious 
leader in the last terrific struggle. 

We rejoice today that peace lies over the land, that our 
armies have returned, and that our soldiers have resumed 
their places in civil life. But on this occasion our minds 
turn back to war. We shall never forget the dark days of 
the most appalling of all wars, — the days when disaster 
impended, and when our common cause seemed lost. Not 
lost, no, for there still lived the indomitable and uncon- 
querable spirit of the mighty French people, which cried out, 
as it fought with grim determination, “They shall not 
pass.” How comforting that first ray of light which gleamed 
through the darkness, the unification of command in one 
who confidently put his trust in God, a military genius, with 
strength of character, yet simple, kindly, true and devoted 
to the highest ideals! He it was who years before had taught 
his students in the war school, “‘A battle is never materially 
lost so long as you have faith in victory.”” The new allied 
commander always had faith in victory. The first ray of 


350 


light ushered in the dawn of a new day. The clouds broke 
away, the sun shone forth, it radiated the heavens, and 
then came the splendor and glory of noontide victory. 

Democracy had been saved. France had been saved. The 
onward rush of the corps of destruction had been stopped. 
Liberty and justice were secure. Victory had come for 
humanity. Marshal Foch, as we stand in your presence 
we can visualize that victory. You personify as no other 
can, not alone the mighty armies, but the cause of allied 
free men. With gratitude we lay our tribute at your feet. 
We acclaim you, and our joy is boundless, for “‘Behold! 
Here at our hearthstone the embodiment of the uncon- 
querable soul of our beloved friend, France Triumphant.” 

We ask you to accept from the citizenship of our Com- 
monwealth a medal which may commemorate this visit to 
Massachusetts. It is the work of an eminent Massachusetts 
sculptor, Mr. Dallin. It testifies to the esteem and affection 
in which you are held by an appreciative people. May it 
represent, as its inscription reads, ““Homage from Massa- 
chusetts to the victorious commander — grateful saluta- 
tion to Ferdinand Foch.’ Accept it, we pray you, and may 
it bear witness to our respect, our sympathy, our gratitude 
and our love for the people of your country. May the 
spirit which it typifies further cement the bonds that shall 
forever hold America in understanding and in unified high 
endeavor with your country, which has from the first day of 
our search for liberty richly contributed to our welfare — 
your country, glorious, dauntless, immortal France. 


351 


WELCOMING GENERALISSIMO DIAZ IN THE HALL 
OF FLAGS 


State House, Boston, December 5, 1921 


America is proud of her association in the World War. 
The people of Massachusetts rejoice that, when civiliza- 
tion was challenged, when the rights of free people were 
threatened, then America joined forces with the great 
free nations of the world and together they arrested the 
onward sweep of autocracy. In the mighty victory which 
was won for the cause of humanity there is sufficient glory 
for all who had a part in it. It is not necessary for us to 
appraise the value of the services rendered by each of the 
allied nations, for each contributed its full strength. It is 
most appropriate, however, that we should recall this morn- 
ing with especial gratitude the heroism, the devotion and 
the sacrifice which have endeared and glorified the name of 
Italy. It is well for us to recall those days of October, 1918, 
when the all too meager reports told of desperate fighting in 
mountain passes, in snow and ice, when the Italians fought 
against terrific odds. Then came the news that the Italians 
had cleared northern Italy of the enemy and had forced the 
unconditional surrender of Austria-Hungary. 

Massachusetts gladly greets the man who struck that 
crushing blow at the enemy. With boundless joy we greet 
the brilliant victor of the second battle of the Piave, the 
Supreme Commander of the forces of our honored ally, a 
military genius of unyielding character and dauntless cour- 
age, — General Armando Diaz. 

We welcome you, Sir, not alone because of your own 
splendid attainments and because of your own generous 
service to the cause of free men, but we welcome you, also, 
as the representative of a mighty nation which the people 


352 


of Massachusetts hold in warm regard. For two generations 
the sons of Italy have been coming to Massachusetts. Here 
they have made their homes. Here they have worked and 
advanced and richly contributed to the upbuilding of our 
institutions. Today they hold positions of largest public 
trust and are among our worthiest citizens. In behalf of the 
citizenship of Massachusetts it is my honor and privilege 
to present to you, General Diaz, several gifts which may 
commemorate your visit to Massachusetts: a loving cup 
from the Italian Colony at Lawrence, a watch fob from the 
Italian residents of Quincy, and a statuette known as “‘The 
Great Spirit.” As you accept them here in this historic 
hall, made of Italian marble, in this hall where are centered 
our relics of mightiest inspiration for love of Commonwealth 
and love of country, may they typify the spirit of gratitude, 
of love and affection in which the people of Massachusetts 
hold you and the people of your country. May they also 
testify the desire of all our people that henceforth a spirit of 
mutual understanding and co-operation shall hold in in- 
dissoluble bonds our loved America and your loved Italy. | 


353 


ACCEPTING A TABLET IN MEMORY OF HENRY B. 
ENDICOTT 


State House, Thursday, December 15, 1921 


When America entered the World War it became necessary 
to mobilize the civilian forces of the country no less than the 
military and naval forces. One of the brightest pages in 
the history of Massachusetts tells of the heroism and devo- 
tion of thousands of her sons who took arms during the world 
conflict. Another bright page records that during that con- 
flict her whole people at home were exalted; that they 
found comfort and satisfaction in toil and sacrifice that the 
army and navy might be supported and that America’s 
cause might triumph. There were leaders in the field. There 
were leaders at home. 

In our ceremony this morning we recall with deepest 
gratitude the service of a great leader of our home army. 
Stirred by intense patriotism he gave himself generously to 
necessary public work. The people of the Commonwealth 
will cherish the memory of the Executive of the Massachu- 
setts Committee on Public Safety in the trying days from 
1917 to 1919. 

It is, then, a high privilege to accept on behalf of the 
Commonwealth this beautiful memorial tablet, authorized 
by law and made possible by devoted friends and co-workers, 
—his fellow citizens. It records a great service nobly 
rendered. It deserves its place on the walls of this historic 
hall. Here men and women will pause and read of the 
splendid contribution of Henry B. Endicott to his Common- 
wealth and to his country. May they be inspired to accept 
the challenge which such a record presents, and may they 
according to their talents dedicate themselves to the public 
weal. 


354 


OPENING THE EXERCISES COMMEMORATING THE 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH 
OF EDWARD EVERETT HALE 


Symphony Hall, Boston, April 3, 1922 


My Frtitow Cirizens:— In the name of the mighty 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts I welcome you who have 
assembled to recall with gratitude the life and services of 
one of her most distinguished sons. On this the one hun- 
dredth anniversary of his birth we do well to turn aside from 
the ordinary things of life, to pause and pay tribute to the 
memory of one who succeeded in leading people out of them- 
selves and taught them the joy of helping others. We shall 
do well not alone to recall but to strive earnestly to possess 
for ourselves the ideals of him who taught others to love 
their country, that intense American — Edward Everett 


Hale. 


359 


AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY 


Cambridge, June 22, 1922 


A time-honored custom decrees that the Chief Executive 
of the Commonwealth shall attend Commencement Exercises 
at this ancient seat of learning. By an act of 1642 the con- 
trol of Harvard College was vested in a board of overseers, 
consisting of the Governor, Deputy Governor, and the Mag- 
istrates and teaching Elders of Cambridge, Charlestown, 
Watertown, Boston, Roxbury and Dorchester, together 
with the President of the College. Until 1865 the chief 
officers of the Commonwealth were members of the gov- 
erning board of this University. 

For one hundred and fifty years Harvard had the same 
relation to the State that the early Latin grammar schools 
had to the town. The General Court chose the President 
and professors directly, or through the Governor and Coun- 
cil. Until after the Revolution the salaries of the faculty 
were annually voted by the General Court. 

The Commonwealth has never founded a professorship or 
established a permanent fund at Harvard. It has built, 
including money from lotteries, which it legalized, six college 
buildings, namely, Massachusetts, Harvard, Stoughton, 
Hollis, Holworthy and University hall, together with the 
old medical college in Boston, and the first President’s 
house.. | 

Through legislation conferring rights and privileges, and 
by grants of land and direct appropriation of funds, the 
colony and the Commonwealth nurtured Harvard and sus- 
tained her through the trying years of the first two centuries 
of her existence. Harvard was in no sense a State University, 
but in many ways was linked indissolubly with the Common- 
wealth. Harvard and Massachusetts labored together in 


356 


spreading the New England dynamic force into the newer 
States as they came into existence. 

For the past hundred years no State funds have been given 
the University, and since 1865 no legal responsibility for its 
government has resided in the officers of the Commonwealth. 
But never was the joint task of State and University greater 
than it is today. 

Mother of men for three centuries, Harvard has sent forth 
her sons to carry her name and influence, and the name and 
influence of Massachusetts to all parts of the world. Con- 
ceived for the purpose of educating a ministry for the church, 
the mighty University has extended its leadership into 
every field of human endeavor. Aided by the State in the 
early days of her existence, she is now returning to the State, 
and to all the States, a hundredfold this bounty through the 
men who have gone down from this University on Com- 
mencement Day. Thirty thousand living graduates con- 
stitute a mighty army with power to carry the banners of 
Harvard and Massachusetts to new heights of glory. 

The Nation and State are great only in proportion as our 
people are intelligent, civic minded, and actuated by motives 
to advance the social well-being. Leaders to carry on this 
work are trained in our colleges and universities. From these 
institutions come many of the influential minds of the 
country. College-bred men and women in large measure 
have shaped, and will continue to shape, policies for the 
upbuilding of this Commonwealth and these United States. 

It is, then, of the utmost concern that university graduates 
see clearly amid the fog and think straight amidst the babel 
of confusing voices. It sometimes seems as if no public 
address could attract attention today unless it constitutes 
a lurid arraignment of present conditions, or else a wanton 
attack upon some person or group of individuals. In the 
field of politics one who declaims of how things should be 
done and who promises the impossible gains a ready audi- 
ence, while one who soberly recites a record of actual accom- 
plishment is quickly brushed aside. Many men who pick up 
their morning papers and fail to find accounts of terrible 
accidents, atrocious crimes, financial failures, or scandalous 


357 


wrongdoing, throw them aside in regret that there is no 
news. They find no satisfaction in the realization that the 
world and society are functioning normally. It is the duty of 
trained minds to reflect. Those who have had the oppor- 
tunity to study history should have a true perspective and a 
sense of proportion. They should examine the substance 
rather than the shadow. They should be as ready to com- 
mend as to denounce. There is more good in the world than 
bad. There are more good men and women than bad. 
Where there are a few men in public office who are faithless 
and dishonest, there is amighty army of high-minded, sincere 
and devoted men who without flare of trumpets are resolutely 
doing the day’s work. The immense number of young men 
and women who seek admission to our institutions of higher 
learning bear testimony to the love of their parents who 
desire to give their children opportunities which they did not 
enjoy. The countless gifts to colleges, to hospitals, to libra- 
ries, for parks, playgrounds and for other public purposes 
give evidence of unshaken faith in the future, and of a never 
satisfied ambition to give comfort and help to others. The 
nation-wide gratification in the success of the Conference for 
Limitation of Armaments speaks eloquently of the spirit of 
fraternity and good will overflowing the hearts of a worthy 
people. In my city of Boston two Harvard men have lived 
within my own time who have admirably illustrated the 
power of sane trained minds to lead their fellow men to the 
heights where they might contemplate the beauty and joy 
of everyday life. They followed different paths. Both were 
intensely American and both abundantly demonstrated their 
liberality of mind, their tolerant spirit, and their purpose to 
help all sorts and conditions of men. ‘They did not find it 
necessary to complain incessantly about the wrongs of the 
world in which they lived. They dared to rejoice in the 
blessings which had been showered upon their day and 
generation. It may not be possible for every graduate to 
give a Symphony Hall, a Harvard Union, or a Soldiers Field, 
but it is possible for every one to have the abiding faith in his 
fellow men that Major Higginson had. It may not be possi- 
ble for every graduate to stir the patriotism of a nation or 


358 : 
single handed to break down barriers of local prejudice and 
intolerance, but it is possible for every one to walk humbly 
in the path where trod with giant’s step Edward Everett 
Hale. Many of the fancied wrongs of our times will disap- 
pear when educated men reflect and dwell upon the blessings 
which are theirs; when they insist upon temperate speech; 
when they are concerned more with performance than prom- 
ise; when they realize that saying a thing does not make it 
so; when they are willing to grant to others the same in- 
tegrity of motive which they ascribe to themselves; and 
when, rejoicing in all that is true and good, it is their burning 
purpose — 

To look up and not down, 
To look forward and not back, 
To look out and not in, and 


To lend a hand. 


359 


OPENING THE CONFERENCE OF COMMITTEES AP- 
POINTED BY THE GOVERNORS OF THE NEW 
ENGLAND STATES TO DETERMINE THE ATTITUDE 
OF NEW ENGLAND WITH REFERENCE TO THE 
PROPOSAL TO GROUP THE RAILROADS OF NEW 
ENGLAND 


State House, Boston, August 15, 1922 


At this particular time the thinking men and women of 
New England are primarily concerned with the problems 
which have arisen as a result of the prolonged strike in the 
coal mines and the strike of the railroad shopmen. It is 
earnestly hoped that these problems may soon be solved 
satisfactorily. There awaits, however, the correct solution 
of another question which is vital to the future industrial and 
commercial prosperity and development of New England 
and to the convenience and welfare of its people. New 
England is essentially a group of industrial States. Though 
small in area New England is thickly populated. It is the 
home of one-fourteenth of the population of the United 
States, and it is the home of one-seventh of the men and 
women engaged in the industries of the country. Because 
of our location far removed from the places where raw ma- 
terials are produced and far away from the center of distri- 
bution of manufactured products, we are dependent in 
largest measure upon an adequate and efficiently operated 
system of transportation. Any considerable increase in the 
cost of bringing to New England the products which we 
consume, or any considerable increase in the cost of carrying 
the products of our factories to points of consumption with- 
out New England, would heavily handicap New England 
for generations. Indeed, the men of ability and vision who 
conduct our great industries are already concerned with the 
difficulties of competing with the industries of other sections 


360 


of the country, and it is evident that the utmost care must 
be taken that no additional burdens are imposed. 

The Federal Transportation Act of 1920 provides for the 
grouping of the railroad systems of the country so as to main- 
tain competitive service wherever possible and at the same 
time effect economies in operation. ‘The act contemplates 
that certain of the weaker roads may share in the financial 
strength of the stronger roads, and thus strengthen their 
credit. Many of the stronger roads are in turn dependent 
upon the tonnage brought and taken by the smaller and 
weaker roads. The weaker roads are essential for the ade- 
quate distribution of products. 

The Interstate Commerce Commission has already pre- 
sented a tentative plan for the grouping of the country’s 
railroads under the Transportation Act. It has already 
held hearings in various parts of the country, and we have 
been informed that hearings will probably be held in New 
England this fall for a consideration of the plans so far as it 
affects the grouping of New England roads. The proposed 
grouping of railroads is not compulsory but voluntary. It 
should be remembered, however, that with the facilities of 
the government it is possible to effect a consolidation which 
would not be possible if attempted by private enterprise. 
For some time the leading railroads of New England have not 
been able to earn sufficient money to pay dividends, and their 
credit is seriously impaired. So far as I know, no one, not 
even the railroad officials, is satisfied with the present service 
which is given by the New England railroads. ‘To present 
a plan for grouping the New England railroads which shall at 
the same time make possible the rehabilitation of our rail- 
roads, enable them to give the necessary service and to re- 
store sufficient credit, is a most difficult problem. That is 
the problem which you gentlemen are summoned to study 
and help to solve. It is a tremendous problem and upon 
its correct solution depends the welfare of the great New 
England constituency which you represent. 

Although New England is composed of six States it is a 
geographical unit. The rest of the country looks upon it as 
a political unit. It is treated as a unit in legislation and in 


361 


rate fixing. The people of all the New England States have 
the same background, they have the same traditions. Their 
aims and aspirations are along similar lines. Their history 
has been much the same. Their future must be the same. 
It is difficult to see how one New England State can enjoy 
great development, great advance and great prosperity 
unless her sister New England States go along with her hand 
in hand. On the other hand, it is easy to understand that if 
one New England State becomes stagnant, if her industries 
wane, if her business declines, and her people come to know 
adversity, then that State will eventually retard the progress 
of the other New England States. For better, for worse, we 
of New England are bound together by indissoluble ties. 

This relation of interdependence has not always been 
recognized here in New England. Fortunately, however, 
there is assurance that our people are coming to think in 
terms of New England. We were brought closer together 
during the war. Recently great commercial associations 
have come to have New England organizations. The Gov- 
ernors of the New England States have come to have more 
frequent conferences. ‘There is abundant reason to believe 
that the forward looking men in each State have reached 
out to join hands with the progressive leaders of the other 
States. In such unity of purpose and action there is hope 
for the future. Independent and individual action weakens 
the potential strength of New England. 

With full recognition of the importance of protecting the 
interests of New England the Governors of the six States 
have appointed committees to advise them as to what posi- 
tion should be taken with respect to grouping New England 
railroads. Their selection of eminent men to form these 
committees is testimony of the importance which the Gov- 
ernors attach to this work. The willingness of men of large 
affairs to serve on these committees demonstrates their 
appreciation of the vital concern which each State has in the 
railroads of the future. 

If New England can agree upon a plan to present to the 
Interstate Commerce Commission, I believe that their 
united support would go far towards shaping the final deci- 


362 


sion of that tribunal. If we go before the commission with 
conflicting plans then we must expect independent findings 
which may be less favorable to New England as a whole 
than would be the case if we could present a united judg- 
ment and a solid front. It is the earnest hope of the people 
of Massachusetts that the representatives of all the New 
England States may find common ground upon which to 
stand. It is their earnest hope that this conference may 
result in the organization of an inclusive committee which 
shall make a careful study of our needs, and that eventually 
these combined committees may agree upon a plan which 
shall have the consolidated approval and support of all. 

You gentlemen have it within your power to do much for 
the future of New England. We are not favorably situated 
from a national railroad point of view. We are in the extreme 
northeast corner of the country. New England has, never- 
theless, contributed much to the upbuilding of the country. 
Today we have an intelligent people who understand free 
institutions and who are ready to defend them. We have a 
mighty population of efficient leaders and a body of highly 
trained and skilled workers, such as are to be found nowhere 
else. Early we began manufacturing, and today we have 
innumerable great factories sending a variety of high-grade 
merchandise to the markets of the world. 

New England is not merely the Nation’s summer play- 
ground, as some prefer to believe. It is a great producing 
community, and its people are dependent upon the contin- 
uance and the development of industry. You have been 
called to consider a question which is vital to the continuance 
and development of our great sources of livelihood. Difficult 
though the problem may be, diverse as may be the suggested 
remedies, I have faith to believe that you, out of your broad 
experience, with your desire to serve your generation, and 
with your love of this great community, may now plan an 
advance in which all our people may wholeheartedly join, 
and with united forces make certain that the course of New 
England shall be steadily forward. 


363 


WELCOMING M. GEORGES CLEMENCEAU IN THE 
HALL OF FLAGS 


State House, Boston, November 23, 1922 


In this Hall of Flags Massachusetts receives those whom 
her people hold in highest honor. Here in recent years we 
have welcomed two great sons of beloved France. Here we 
acclaimed those sturdy men of war, Marshal Joffre and 
Marshal Foch. Today we rejoice in the opportunity of 
greeting another great son of France. Honored Sir, you are 
welcome, because for half a century in a sister Republic you 
have battled for the maintenance of liberty, of justice and 
equality of opportunity. You are doubly welcome because 
in the hour of need you piloted the vessel of our valiant ally, 
you mobilized the forces of a Nation and you aroused the 
irresistible spirit of an indomitable people. In a day when 
many despaired, when few dared hope, when all felt the 
deepest anxiety, we recall the inspiration of your words, 
“The fate of France does not depend upon this one battle, 
nor upon any which may follow. Her fate depends solely 
upon the resistance which the French, all the French, can 
oppose to the invader without a sign of weakness. France 
is not lost merely because her soldiers happen to meet with 
defeat in one battle.” In your words civilized mankind 
found courage and comfort. Because we believed in the 
allied cause, because we glory in the contribution of men 
which this Commonwealth made for its success, Massachu- 
setts welcomes you, Sir, who through four terrible years of 
war upheld the courage of a Nation and who led its people 
to victory. So long as patriotism shall be a virtue, so long 
as the love of the brave and the true endures, Massachusetts 
will hold in honor, veneration and gratitude the name of the 
mighty President of the Council and Minister of War of 
France — Georges Clemenceau. 


364 


AT THE INAUGURATION OF DR. SAMUEL WESLEY 
STRATTON AS PRESIDENT OF THE MASSACHU- 
SETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 


Symphony Hall, Boston, June 11, 1923 


Massachusetts stands pledged to continue her leadership 
in education. There can be no important question affecting 
the public policy that is not influenced by a wide diffusion of 
learning among our people. A broad and liberal conception 
of the place and function of public education is related 
inseparably to the economic, social and civil life of the State. 
Progressive legislation and local pride and initiative in educa- 
tion have given our Commonwealth an enviable place among 
our sister States. Massachusetts was early to recognize 
the importance of science, and she has been zealous to offer 
to her sons every opportunity of technical training. — 

Today we have assembled at a seat of learning where men 
have studied with serious purpose under skilled teachers, 
and from which they have gone forth well equipped to do 
large things for the welfare of the world. The Institute of 
Technology has brought prestige to Massachusetts. Our 
people rejoice in your strength, in your eminent faculty, in 
your superb buildings, in your endowment, in your mighty 
army of loyal alumni, and in the body of eager students 
coming here from all parts of the world. Massachusetts 
holds in tender regard those who have labored and sacrificed 
to make Technology strong and worthy. So devoted, so 
gifted have been the leaders of this great school that when 
they have fallen, one after another, it has seemed a task 
of the utmost difficulty to fill their places. But today we are 
happy as we appreciate the significance of this ceremony. ° 
A new leader has answered the call of duty, and confidently 
we pledge our support to him who has so amply demon- 


365 


strated his capacity as student, teacher, scientist, adminis- 
trator, and as a courageous leader of men. 

As the representative of the Commonwealth, I greet you, 
Dr. Stratton, a worthy successor in the line of eminent 
presidents of this fine institution which has contributed 
richly to the glory of Massachusetts, and in these days of 
confusion, I gladly welcome you as a right-thinking, public- 
spirited citizen into the life of our people. May the Institute 
of Technology attain new heights of glorious achievement 
under your leadership, and may her sons in larger measure 
than ever before give themselves in the service of humanity. 


366 


AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF TUFTS COLLEGE 


Medford, June 16, 1923 


As that ancient sister university on the Charles was 
founded with the sole purpose of training a ministry for the 
church, so Tufts College more than two hundred years later 
came into being as a result of the efforts of the Universalist 
denomination for the establishment of a college and theologi- 
cal seminary. The growth of this college since its opening 
in 1854 has been remarkable. From an institution having a 
single classical course, a faculty of four professors, and seven 
students, it has expanded so that now it is to be counted as 
an important university. With its three hundred sixty- 
eight faculty members, its student body of more than two 
thousand men and women, its school of liberal arts, its college 
for women, its graduate school, and in the more specialized 
schools of theology, engineering, dentistry, and medicine, 
there is to be noted a most impressive educational develop- 
ment. While Tufts College is not among the older colleges 
of the Commonwealth, there is in this record a challenge 
to the pride and satisfaction of those of us who are interested 
in the great cause of education. 

It is gratifying to note the democratic character of this 
institution and especially the service which it is rendering to 
Massachusetts. Of its present student body, more than 
fourteen hundred, or nearly 70 per cent, are residents of our 
State. One hundred forty-eight of our towns and cities are 
represented in the present roster of its students. Such a 
student body is truly representative of the citizenry of the 
Commonwealth. 

Early in the history of Tufts, the General Court, through 
a grant of money derived from the sale of land in Back Bay, 
Boston, gave to the college financial aid. In recognition of 


367 


this grant, the college assumed and has fully discharged an 
obligation to award three scholarships annually to deserving 
students. While the Commonwealth came to the aid of 
Tuits College in the time of its need, the return to the State 
through its citizens who have graduated here has repaid the 
grant in manifold ways. 

Any educational institution to justify its existence has | 
one great duty to perform. It must train youth for civic 
service. This duty, Tufts College has performed nobly and 
well. On the solid foundation established by our Puritan 
ancestors, we find Tufts, in company with her sister institu- 
tions, helping to exalt the ideals of the Commonwealth and 
of the Nation. We find her sons and daughters, not only in 
our towns and cities, but everywhere throughout the Nation, 
and, indeed, the world. We find them in business, in jour- 
nalism, in forestry, and in the consular and diplomatic 
service. We find them in the schools as teachers and school 
administrators; we find them serving as ministers of the 
gospel, as doctors, as lawyers, as judges; but wherever we 
find the thousands who have gone forth from these walls, we 
find men and women rendering service for the public welfare. 
With the passing of the years, the light that was set upon 
this hill has indeed blazed with greater brilliance and to the 
increasing enlightenment of the world. 

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts may well be proud 
of her place in educational history. Since the foundation 
of Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colonies, education 
has had the profound confidence and liberal support of the 
people of this State. That attitude is as marked today as 
at any time in our history. This is shown by the demand 
for educational opportunity in the secondary school and the 
college, — a demand which has been most insistent during 
the last decade. The attendance in our public high schools 
is a good indication of this widespread interest. 'Ten years 
ago we had about 69,000 students in the high schools of the 
Commonwealth. In 1922 we had more than 107,000, an 
increase of more than 38,000, a gain of 55 per cent. With 
this increase in the number of students in secondary schools 
has come a proportionate gain in college attendance. Never 


368 


in the history of our State or of our country have the higher 
educational institutions been so severely taxed to receive the 
eager youth who look to them for the opportunities they offer. 
The percentage of college graduates in State and Nation 
consequently increases. This we must believe means for 
all fields of service trained and intelligent leadership. 

Massachusetts has no generously endowed State university 
such as is common in our western States, due in part to the 
early foundation here of many splendid private institutions, 
and to the absence of wide areas of undeveloped land as a 
source for educational revenue. Whether there appears to 
be a need for a State university to supplement the work of 
the endowed institutions in this Commonwealth, we are in 
process of ascertaining. A special commission, created by 
act of the General Court, is now making a comprehensive 
study of higher education. Our people will soon have before 
them a statement of existing conditions as they appear to 
the Commission, together with recommendations for exten- 
sions and modifications. 

The rapid increase of students in all of our institutions 
of learning has been one of the outstanding facts of the last 
few years. Nowhere has this increase been more marked 
than in our schools of secondary and college grade. Our 
people have come to a fuller realization of the value of educa- 
tion to the individual and to society. One of the construc- 
tive results of the World War has been an awakened interest 
in our institutions of learning, both public and private, and 
a wider diffusion of education among our people. 

Mounting budgets are a necessary result of the rapid 
growth of schools and colleges. School administrators are 
facing financial problems of great magnitude and a public 
that seems, at times, critical of both educational costs and 
achievements. There can be no doubt that statesmanlike 
consideration must be given to the entire problem of educa- 
tion in its relation to public service and public finance. 
This seems, however, both an appropriate time and place 
to express the belief that the American people stand ready 
to support with increased appropriations all educational 

endeavor that is conceived on a basis of national welfare and 


369 


carried forward in harmony with the needs of our democratic 
society. While our educational costs have risen sharply dur- 
ing the last few years, there has been no increase in the per 
cent of national income spent for education. We have not 
yet reached the limit of our ability to pay for education that 
shall serve America. . 

Obedience to law, established by the will of a majority, is 
a fundamental principle of democratic government. No 
clearer duty now faces all schools of this Nation than the 
inculcation of a sacred regard for the law and our institutions 
of government in the 20,000,000 of youth now enrolled 
therein. The problems of democracy must increasingly 
become familiar to our youth in their formative years and 
under the guiding influence of teachers devoted to the serv- 
ice. The recent enactment, in this and other States, of 
laws providing for increased attention to the history and 
government of our country reveals the faith of our people in 
our schools as the training ground of citizenship. 

From Tufts College today there goes a group of earnest 
men and women to join the vast and increasing army that 
represents the fruits of education. ‘They and their fellows, 
going forth to meet the manifold problems of modern life, 
will be weighed and measured by those about them. I have 
faith that they will meet the test, that, through their un- 
selfish application of high ideals, straight thinking, and clear 
judgment, their service for the common good will carry to 
greater heights the name of Tufts and of Massachusetts, 
strengthening the belief of our people that education is 
indeed the foundation of a true democracy. 


Tufts College conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws upon 
Governor Cox at this commencement. 


370 


AT COMMENCEMENT OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY 


Cambridge, June 21, 1923 


The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Harvard 
College have their beginnings in the same period of our his- 
tory, and through almost three centuries they have striven 
together in the upbuilding of a strong and worthy citizen- 
ship. Section I of Chapter V of our State Constitution 
recognizes Harvard College as an institution in which “many 
persons of great eminence have, by the blessing of God, 
been initiated in those arts and sciences which qualify them 
for public employments in church-and State;”’ and Section 
IT states that “‘it shall be the duty of legislatures and magis- 
trates, in all future periods of this Commonwealth, to cherish 
the interests of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries 
of them; especially the university at Cambridge, public 
schools and grammar schools in the towns.” 

Although Harvard has long since become a national and 
international university, nevertheless the early relationships 
have continued to give Massachusetts a special interest in — 
this university and her achievements. In keeping with long- 
established custom, I am glad to stand where so many of my 
predecessors, as Governor of Massachusetts, have stood, 
and greet the returning sons of Harvard on Commencement 
Day. 

On the walls of the gate by which I entered this campus 
it is inscribed that Harvard was established for the express 
purpose of training a ministry for the church. ‘To meet the 
varied demands of a rapidly expanding State and national 
life, you have broadened this early foundation to support an 
institution for the training of leadership in all walks of 
private and public life. Thirty-five thousand living Har- 
vard men are tangible evidence of the extent and quality of 


371 


this service today. The long list of your honored dead 
testifies that Harvard stands ever ready in the walks of peace 
and the crises of war to promote our national well-being 
and to defend our national honor. 

The people of Massachusetts find satisfaction in the recent 
unanimous vote of your governing body making clear to 
the world that Harvard will recognize no distinction of 
race or creed in the selection of her student body, and that 
Harvard stands today, where she has ever stood, as a great 
national university whose doors are open to worthy men, 
with character and intellectual capacity the sole tests for 
admission. 

Massachusetts views with pride the splendid contribu- 
tions made by her public and private schools of elementary, 
secondary and collegiate grade. She brings an especial meed 
of praise on this occasion to this university whose fine record, 
reaching into the centuries of the past, is but a promise of 
future service for the Commonwealth, the Nation, and the 
world. 


372 


GREETING GENERAL HALLER IN THE HALL OF 
FLAGS 


State House, Boston, November 30, 1923 


As the fate of civilization hung in the balance, Massachu- 
setts rejoiced when her country joined forces with the Allies, 
and she is proud of the part which her sons, 200,000 strong, 
played in the World War. Massachusetts is still proud of the 
men who answered the call for service, and she gladly joins 
with those service men today in greeting one of their dis- 
tinguished comrades in arms. The people of Massachusetts 
have an intense love of freedom. The story of our ancestors’ 
struggle for liberty is a glorious part of our most cherished 
traditions. The struggle of other peoples for self-govern- 
ment has always enlisted our sympathy. ‘Today we welcome 
a brave leader of a brave people, long crushed under the heel 
of despots, — a people who seized the first opportunity to 
throw off an oppressive yoke. We recall, Sir, that Poles from 
America went back home to fight under your leadership, and 
we gladly acknowledge the contribution which they made to 
the allied success. In reclaiming the Baltic waters, in the 
conquest of Warsaw, in your work as leader of the Red 
Cross of Poland, as head of the Boy Scout movement of 
Poland, in stimulating the cultivation of the war-wasted 
lands of Poland, and in your efforts to better the physical 
conditions of the young, so long undernourished because of 
the war, you have come to be held as the idol of your Nation. 

Massachusetts greets the representative of that Nation, 
the guest of the American Legion, one devoted to the Polish 
cause, indefatigable in rebuilding and rehabilitating Poland, 
and leader of the courageous armies of that republic, — Gen- 
eral Joseph Haller. 


373 


AT THE CELEBRATION OF THE NINETIETH BIRTH- 
DAY OF CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT, PRESIDENT 
EMERITUS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY 


March 20, 1924 


In statesmanship, literature, art, science, commerce and 
industry the sons of Massachusetts have nobly served the 
Commonwealth, the Republic and the World. In education, 
the hand-maiden of all these things, her sons have been, 
from the time of the colonies, prophets and guides. To you, 
Charles W. Eliot, one of her greatest sons of all time, to whom 
_ your fellow citizens for over half a century have turned with 
attentive ear for advice and counsel in whatever affects their 
industrial, social and civic life, it is my happy privilege to 
express the regard and high honor in which the Common- 
wealth holds you, —a leader in education, an apostle of 
intellectual liberty, a friend of democracy, and one who 
now as always both practices and preaches the gospel of hope, 
and believes that the welfare of mankind is the first concern 
of men. 


374 


AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY 


Cambridge, June 19, 1924 


Again it is my privilege and pleasure, in keeping with a 
time-honored custom, to represent the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts on this occasion, so fraught with meaning to 
all Harvard men. 

For nearly three centuries the people of Massachusetts 
have turned with ever-increasing admiration to this ancient 
seat of learning. Thousands of sons of Massachusetts have 
become sons of Harvard, and have thus made stronger those 
early bonds which united the Colony and the University in 
a common purpose — the establishment of enlightened free 
government in this western world. 

Schools are fundamental in our form of government. The 
foundations of free government rest upon the belief that its 
citizenship can become more effective only as it becomes 
better educated. Government by the people pre-supposes 
character and intelligence in the people. Harvard has been 
a powerful force in shaping, through education, our common 
destiny. ‘Trained leadership has gone from these halls to 
color and direct the life and character of the Nation. | 

The Anglo-Saxon established the principle that all men 
are equal before the law. America has set up a system of 
schools based upon the idea that equality of educational 
opportunity is basic in a democracy. Zealously has the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts safeguarded both of these 
rights. The integrity of her laws and the development of 
her schools have ever been the special concern of her people. 

An alumni gathering such as is here represented gives 
evidence of the fealty which an institution can command. 
Loyalty to Alma Mater gives expression to one of the finest 
instinctsinman. Through such loyalty we are strengthened 


375 


for the larger loyalty to State and Nation. Harvard’s fine 
record of intellectual attainment, her glorious past and 
hopeful future, are hers, but the results of these are ours. 
This has been a place for the building up of fine individual 
and institutional ideals. Both are incomplete unless they 
foster and accompany splendid ideals of service to the com- 
mon good. An education is a legacy to be administered for 
the public welfare. Opportunities, such as come to Harvard 
men, create responsibilities that must be discharged. 

The future of this university bids fair to be even more 
illustrious than her past. The attention of the entire Nation 
was recently challenged by the announcement of a munifi- 
cent gift that will take the form of a great school of business 
administration. The complexity of our industrial life is such 
as to demand the skilled direction that will emanate from the 
expansion now possible in one of your professional schools. 
Harvard’s graduate schools have supplemented the college 
founded by John Harvard until her service is now world- 
wide and in practically every field of human endeavor. 

Present at Harvard Commencements in person or in spirit 
for more than half a century, felicitated a few weeks since by 
Nation, State, university, and Harvard men the world round, 
is one who embodies the spirit of Harvard, one who exempli- 
fies what Harvard would have in her sons, one who Is a 
symbol of what Harvard is, and is to be — Charles William 
Eliot. 


376 


RECEIVING THE WORLD FLYERS IN THE HALL OF 
FLAGS 


State House, September 6, 1924 


Lieutenant Lowretit H. Smitru, Lieutenant Eric H. 
Newson, Lieutenant LeicgH Wapr, Lieutenant Harpine, 
Lieutenant OcpEN, and Lieutenant ARNoLD: You are wel- 
come in Massachusetts. Here in this Memorial hall the 
Commonwealth has paid her tribute to great sons of the 
earth who have contributed to the welfare of humanity. 
Here in this Hall of Flags where the memories of noble deeds 
of brave men are enshrined, Massachusetts welcomes you, 
valiant men, who have dared for your country. In your 
triumphant flight around the world you have made history. 
It was a mighty feat which you attempted, as you left the 
western coast of your homeland. It is a mighty accomplish- 
ment which we celebrate with rejoicing at your safe landing 
on the eastern coast of the United States. You set your 
eyes to the west. You kept the course. You have done 
what no other men have done. You have done what seemed 
impossible. Your flight around the world, — a flight begun 
and ended on American soil by American flyers in American 
planes will stand as one of the great events in the progress of 
humankind and in the annals of all the world. We con- 
gratulate you. ; 

We proudly claim you as our own kinsmen. We glory in 
the courage and skill that have enabled you to girdle the 
world. We have faith to believe that your devoted service 
to the Nation whose flag you have carried so high and so far 
has helped all nations. We greet you, pathfinders of a 
world air-way which all nations may use. We salute you, 
envoys of friendship and good-will to the world. You have 
enriched the title which you so nobly bear, — courageous, 
sturdy, devoted, patriotic, true Americans. | 


377 


ACCEPTING A TABLET TO THE MASSACHUSETTS. 
MEDAL OF HONOR MEN IN THE WORLD WAR 


December 15, 1924 


Not with slow, funereal sound 
Come we to this sacred ground; 
Not with wailing fife and solemn muffled drum, 
Bringing a cypress wreath 
To lay, with bended knee, 
On the cold brows of Death — 
Not so, dear God, we come, 
But with the trumpets’ blare 
And shot-torn battle banners flung to air, 
As for a victory! 


These words of Thomas Bailey Aldrich were written 
for the dedication of the memorial to Robert Gould Shaw 
which stands opposite this building, — a constant reminder 
of nobility and self-sacrifice. They are equally fitting to 
Shaw’s spiritual kinsmen, whom we commemorate today in 
lasting bronze in the shrine of the Commonwealth which gave 
them to the Nation and the world. Within these walls are 
many memorials to the noblest of her sons and daughters. 
To this company of immortals are admitted today Charles 
W. Whittlesey, Ralph Talbot, Michael J. Perkins and George 
Dilboy. ‘To them, or to their families in their names, was 
given that highest of all military honors which an American 
can attain, — the Congressional Medal of Honor for “ Per- 
sonal bravery or self-sacrifice above and beyond the call of 
duty,” in outward significance, only a metal star within a 
wreath, hung from a blue ribbon, a thing of slight intrinsic 
value, but prized beyond riches for one word cast thereon — 
valor. 

Among the approximately three hundred thousand Ameri- 
cans who served in France, only seventy-eight have been so 


378 


honored. The knightly deeds of these men to which their 
Nation has given this signal recognition brings new distinc- 
tion to the Commonwealth they loved and served. 

Sons of Massachusetts kept the marauding savage from 
our early settlements; such sons drove the red-clad soldiers 
of Howe out in their ships through Massachusetts Bay; 
others marched through hostile Baltimore and were the 
preservers of the American capital. They have stood in 
serried ranks at Gettysburg and on a hundred hard-fought 
fields. In the tropic glades of Cuba they have carried the 
message of freedom. When the Nation called them to meet 
the world’s need, again they went forward into new and 
frightful dangers, ever adding new honors to the Stars and 
Stripes and to the white flag of Massachusetts. 

It could not be given to all the sons of Massachusetts, 
faithful and gallant as they were, to serve so bravely as did 
these. They laid at their country’s feet a glory that will 
ever be undying and more lasting than the bronze that seeks 
to perpetuate it. 

Representing the Commonwealth on which this glory was 
shed, I accept from the committee charged with its prepa- 
ration, this beautiful memorial, which gives outward testi- 
mony to her love and pride in these her defenders, confident 
that none were finer, braver or more self-sacrificing. 


OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 
AND CORRESPONDENCE OF 
PUBLIC INTEREST 


STATEMENT RELATIVE TO PRESIDENT HARDING’S 
MESSAGE TO THE PRINCIPAL ALLIED POWERS 
ON THE LIMITATION OF ARMAMENT 


July 13, 1921 


President Harding’s message to the principal allied powers 
calling for a conference on the limitation of armament has 
deservedly received the commendation of citizens of every 
walk of life in America and of many of the large European 
powers. It is a great forward step in a sane and practical 
manner to limit the tremendous expenditures for armament 
and one which gives promise of practical operation without 
. In any way endangering the safety of the nations involved. 
This act of President Harding will be considered in the years 
that are yet to be as a wise, practical and statesmanlike 
effort to solve one of the really great problems of our time. 
American citizens without regard to political affiliations 
uphold the President in this program and earnestly hope for 
his success. 


382 


STATEMENT DESIGNATING THE WEEK BEGINNING 
DECEMBER 3, 1922, AS ‘‘AMERICAN EDUCATION 
WEEK’”’ 


November 27, 1922 


The American Legion in co-operation with the National 
Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, and the 
National Education Association, has asked that the week of 
December third to ninth be observed as “‘ American Educa- 
tion Week,”’ and, to ensure its success, asks the assistance 
of all national, patriotic, civic, religious and fraternal organi- 
zations. i 

This worthy request deserves a ready response. During 
**American Education Week,” I ask that our citizens turn 
their thoughts to the need of education and remember that 
academic education, highly desirable in itself, is not the 
sole end or the whole span of education week. We need that 
further education which may make us more sincere and more 
responsible citizens. We need to learn again that kindness 
to dumb animals is a high trait of human character. We 
need to understand more plainly that labor is honorable, 
and produces the big things of life. We need to be taught 
that selfishness is ignorance of the greatest thing in life — 
love. We need to learn and learn again that sham, pretense 
and hypocrisy are the things which lead to disaster and 
despair. 

It is suggested that organizations during this week seri- 
ously consider among other things: Americanization, Citizen- 
ship, Patriotism, the Needs of Teachers and Schools, the 
Problem of Illiteracy, Equality of Educational Opportunity, 
and Hygiene and Physical Education. 

I earnestly request that individuals and organizations 
co-operate to make “American Education Week”’ the success 
that it deserves to be. 


383 


STATEMENT ISSUED TO LOCAL EXECUTIVES AND 
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ON THE EN- 
FORCEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS 


July 21, 1922 


Reports of industrial disorder in some parts of the Com- 
monwealth have come tome. In the highest interests of the 
whole citizenship of Massachusetts, I ask your co-operation 
in making secure to each individual his inalienable right to 
work. 

It is the first duty of government to enforce the law and 
guarantee to every citizen the enjoyment of his rights. This 
applies to every county, town and city, as well as to the State 
at large. I have full confidence that the responsible officers 
in each community will respect the obligations of the trust 
reposed in them to guard its good name. [I believe this will 
suffice. But the Commonwealth of Massachusetts cherishes 
its good name and is ready now to use every force at its com- 
mand, whether civil or military, to protect the avenues of 
transportation, to prevent intimidation, to suppress violence, 
and to maintain the public safety. 


384 


STATEMENT RELATIVE TO THE DEATH OF PRESI- 
DENT WARREN G. HARDING 


August 3, 1923 


A high-minded, sincere and devoted leader has run a good 
race, has fought a good fight and has passed to his eternal 
reward. President Harding loved his fellow men, and his 
fellow men loved him. At one of the most difficult periods in 
the country’s history he held a true course,. and his adminis- 
tration will be remembered for its constructive contributions 
to the welfare of the world and to the strengthening of home 
life of America. Warren G. Harding will be remembered 
as one of the most kindly and lovable of men whom Ameri- 
cans have delighted to honor. 


385 


TELEGRAM TO MRS. WARREN G. HARDING 


August 3, 1923 


Mrs. Warren G. Harprina, on Board Special Train. 


The hearts of the people of Massachusetts go out to you in 
your great bereavement. The people of a whole Nation 
mourn with you in the loss of your illustrious husband who 
gave his life in their service. 


CHANNING H. COX, 


Governor of Massachusetts. 


386 


TELEGRAM TO CALVIN COOLIDGE UPON TAKING 
THE OATH OF OFFICE AS PRESIDENT OF THE 
UNITED STATES 


August 3, 1923 


Carvin CoouipGE, President of the United States, Washington, D. C. 


We who have known the character of your public service 
have every confidence in your ability to meet the great 
responsibility which has come to you. You have our earnest 
prayers that strength may be given to you. Massachusetts 
has the faith in you that you have in her. 


CHANNING H. COX, 


Governor of Massachusetts. 


387 


STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE JAPANESE RELIEF 
FUND 


September 4, 1923 


To the People of Massachusetts: 


The friendly Nation of Japan has been overwhelmed by a 
terrible disaster. It is difficult to comprehend the magnitude 
of the loss of life and property destroyed by earthquake, 
fire and flood. It is certain that help is urgently needed. 
The citizens of Massachusetts have always responded to the 
call of the stricken and the unfortunate. Again in this 
tragic catastrophe I urge the citizens of Massachusetts, 
complying with the request of the President of the United 
States, to give generously for the aid of those in such dire 
need. 


388 


TELEGRAM TO PRESIDENT COOLIDGE RELATIVE TO 
THE JAPANESE RELIEF FUND 


September 6, 1923 


To the President of the United States, Washington, D. C. 


In consequence of your proclamation asking for contribu- 
tions to Red Cross fund for Japanese relief, I called a meeting 
of representative citizens at my office at 11 o'clock today. 
Quota allotted to Massachusetts was $255,000. Within ten 
minutes twelve of our good citizens had underwritten the 
whole amount. Massachusetts is proud that she could 
give this immediate response to your appeal. 


CHANNING H. COX, 


Governor. 


389 


STATEMENT RELATIVE TO NAVY DAY AND THE 
ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF THEODORE 
ROOSEVELT 


October 15, 1923 


The President of the United States has approved the 
setting aside of Saturday, October 27, 1923, as Navy Day. 
The same date marks the anniversary of the birth of Theo- 
dore Roosevelt. A joint tribute to this great patriot and to 
the institution which always had his deepest interest is there- 
fore natural and appropriate. 

The past year has witnessed events which give point to the 
truth that our navy not only is a weapon of defense, but an 
instrument of mercy. In the chaos of the Near East, when 
the Greek army was destroyed and Smyrna burned, the 
American Navy saved the lives of thousands of innocent 
sufferers. A multitude of orphans today owe their lives to 
our fleet. When Japan was stricken by a catastrophe of 
nature unequaled in modern times, the ships of the American 
Navy were first on the scene with food for the starving, 
clothing for the naked and care for the injured. Not only 
was our navy in these instances the messenger of charity, 
generosity and service, but it was the only agency able to act 
upon the instant in an emergency where the only effective 
action must be immediate action. So, on Navy Day this 
year it is particularly desirable that the great services of the 
navy to the Nation and humanity be remembered. 

We accept without reservation every implication of the 
spirit of the Washington Conference, calling for the limitation 
of armament by agreement among the nations. However, 
the efficiency, morale and mechanical perfection of the 


390 


navy must be insured — not with any motive or plan of 
aggression, but for the purposes of peace and stability. 

I therefore urge that the citizens of this Commonwealth 
join in a word of confidence and cheer to the men of the 
fleet on Navy Day. It is well to understand what the navy 
has been to the Nation in the past, and of what service to 
humanity in every emergency. 


391 


STATEMENT ON THE DEATH OF WOODROW WILSON 


February 4, 1924 


For the second time within a year the whole Nation is 
crushed by universal sorrow. A leader whose services to 
his country will take rank with the highest has fallen. Presi- 
dent Wilson was called upon to carry the overwhelming 
burden of summoning the American people to enter the 
greatest of wars and to hold them steadfast in their purpose 
until it was won. He succeeded, and his mighty contribu- 
tion to the preservation of civilization will be held in most 
grateful remembrance. His matchless power of statement 
set tremendous issues in such plain terms that all under- 
stood. ‘The country is the better for the ideals to which he 
gave happy expression. He gave his life in the service of 
the people who honored him living, and who will hold his 
memory in highest honor. 


392 


TELEGRAM TO MRS. WOODROW WILSON ON THE 
DEATH OF EX-PRESIDENT. WOODROW WILSON 


FEBRUARY 4, 1924. 
Mrs. Wooprow WIitson, Washington, D. C. 

On behalf of the people of Massachusetts let me express 
their feelings of universal sorrow in the death of Mr. Wilson. 
Massachusetts held him in honor while living and will cherish 
his memory. You have the deep sympathy of our people. 


CHANNING H. COX, 


Governor. 


393 


STATEMENT ON NATIONAL DEFENSE DAY 


September 11, 1924 


With the approval of the President, Friday, September 12, 
has been fixed as National Defense Day, with the reeommen- 
dation that the people of the country give special thought to 
the need of reasonable preparedness on that day. There is 
no intention or desire to make a parade of strength in any 
boastful spirit, but rather that there should be some recogni- 
tion of the value of the service performed by the army and 
navy and the National Guard, and that all may be inspired 
to arise to the defense of their country, their homes and their 
kin if there be need. 

The members of the National Guard are to assemble at 
their usual places of drill. In Boston, there will be a parade 
on Boston Common of the military companies located within 
the city, the members of the Citizens’ Training Camps, and 
the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. 

It is earnestly hoped that the people of the Commonwealth 
will turn their attention to the importance of the question 
presented, and that wherever possible they will show their 
interest in the service now being rendered by patriotic citi- 
zens in military service, and that they will give evidence of 
their desire for peace with all nations of the world. It is 
also hoped that they will give evidence of their determina- 
tion that if that peace is ever threatened, the men from 
Massachusetts shall not go to war unskilled and untrained 
in the science of defense, but rather that they shall go as men 
of Massachusetts have always gone, prepared and trained, 
to strike for country and home. 


394 


MESSAGE TO MRS. WILLIAM L. DOUGLAS ON THE 
DEATH OF EX-GOVERNOR WILLIAM L. DOUGLAS 


SEPTEMBER 17, 1924. 
Mrs. Witu1amM L. Dovetas, Brookline, Mass. 

Please accept this expression of my deep sympathy in 
the death of your distinguished husband. The vision and 
courage of such strong men as Governor Douglas have helped 
give Massachusetts her present industrial leadership. His 
name will ever remain on the records of the Commonwealth 
as an able and high-minded Executive whose first desire was 
to serve his fellow men. 


CHANNING H. COX. 


395 


STATEMENT ON NAVY DAY 


October 21, 1924 


Monday, October 27, marks the sixty-sixth birthday of 
Theodore Roosevelt, that great American, loved and re- 
membered by his fellow citizens not only for the high offices 
which he held, and which he dignified in the holding, but, 
above all, for what he was — for his passionate Americanism, 
his joyful enthusiasm, his virile and deep understanding 
of the true heart of America. 

There is no better way to observe the anniversary of his 
birth than by the furtherance of a cause which was dear to 
his heart. Following a custom established soon after the 
passing of Theodore Roosevelt, his birthday will be ob- 
served as Navy Day. ‘This is most appropriate. Theodore 
Roosevelt was always a vigorous friend of the American 
Navy. As author of a naval history of the War of 1812, as 
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, as a President whose naval 
policy was invariably one of liberal and enthusiastic support, 
he will always be remembered as a great exponent of a well- 
conditioned and well-prepared naval defense. 

It is my earnest hope that the people of Massachusetts will 
join enthusiastically in the observance of Navy Day. Its 
significance does not in the slightest degree detract from our 
entire and unqualified acceptance of all our international 
agreements. 

Our navy is more than an instrument of aggression. Itisa 
great element of defense. It is a factor in maintaining a 
righteous peace. More than once it has been a messenger of 
mercy, as when it carried speedy aid to smitten Smyrna and 
stricken Japan. While we rest secure behind the iron line 
of defense which the navy lays down, it never sleeps. In 
gale or calm some watchful eyes are always on the lookout 


396 


for our sakes. It dominates our seas. It rises high in the 
alr above them. 

The purpose of Navy Day is to acquaint the American 
people with the problems of the navy and with what it does 
for all of us, to give us an understanding of its policies, and 
to bring about an intelligent public sentiment concerning it. 

I urge that upon Navy Day all the citizens of Massachu- 
setts devote some thought to naval matters, that, when pos- 
sible, they join in public observance of the day, and, above 
all, do their part to show the officers and men of our great 
fleets that the sentiment of America towards them is one of 
cordiality, admiration and gratitude. 


APPENDIX 


FOUR YEARS OF COX AS SHOWN BY HIS ACCOM- 
PLISHMENTS 


An article by Wendell D. Howie in the Boston Evening Transcript, 
January 3, 1925 


During the past few weeks, as the present administration 
on Beacon Hill has been gradually drawing to a close, it has 
often been stated that Channing H. Cox, who retires from 
public life on Thursday after seventeen years of continuous 
service, would be remembered as one of the truly great gov- 
ernors of the Commonwealth. ‘Two reasons have been 
generally set forth in substantiation. First, that Governor 
Cox, in his four years as Chief Executive, has established an 
unprecedented record for economy, for debt and tax reduc- 
tion, and secondly, that he has appointed more judges than 
any other governor in the history of the State. 

It is unquestionably true, however, that his administra- 
tion will be remembered for many other accomplishments 
worthy of note. He was at the helm of the State’s affairs 
during the real reconstruction period following the World 
War, — a period during which all sorts of problems had to 
be met. It is the purpose of this article to mention some of 
these accomplishments, which were made possible by reason 
of the harmonious efforts of both the executive and legisla- 
tive branches of the State government during the past four 
years. 

The Massachusetts budget system, upon which the Federal 
budget was based, had its inception during the administra- 
tion of the late Governor Samuel W. McCall, was brought 
into first use during the two years in which President Calvin 
Coolidge was governor, but reached its present state of per- 
fection under Governor Cox. The soundness of the budget 


400 


principle has been thoroughly demonstrated, and the only 
question it brings up is why the State waited so long before 
giving it a trial. 


Tue Pay-as-you-Go Po.icy 


The next logical step in State finances, following the 
adoption of the budget, was the inauguration of the pay-as- 
you-go policy, which was put into effect by Governor Cox. 
Its possibilities loomed so large that at his suggestion it was 
extended to the municipalities of the State by theLegislature, 
an act being passed providing that in the construction of 
public buildings by cities and towns, 10 per cent of the initial 
cost be borne the first year, and all bonds for such construc- 
tion work be reduced from a twenty to a fifteen year ma- 
turity. 

When Governor Cox was inaugurated the net direct debt 
of the State was $35,128,239.62, the State tax was $14,000,- 
000 annually, and there was a deficit in the treasury of the 
Commonwealth. During his first year the debt was re- 
duced to $29,311,796.03, and while the State tax remained 
the same, there was a balance of over $6,500,000 in the 
treasury, which made possible a reduction of the State tax 
in the year following. 

During his second year the debt was reduced to $23,712,- 
611.74, and the State tax to $12,000,000. The third year 
saw a reduction of the debt to $20,792,233.44, with the tax 
remaining at $12,000,000. The fourth and final year, just 
closed, brought a further reduction of the debt to $18,922,- 
907.11, making a total reduction of $16,205,332.51 in four 
years. It also brought a further reduction in the State tax 
which was fixed at $10,000,000, or a total reduction of 
$4,000,000 in four years. In considering this record it is 
Important to remember that it was made during a period 
when the debts and taxes of other States have been soaring 
upward. 

In a previous article it has been shown that in addition 
to a vast number of minor judicial appointments, Governor 
Cox named two justices of the Supreme Judicial Court, 
twelve Superior Court judges, five probate judges and one 


401 


Land Court judge, — a record never before equalled. Inhis 
appointments he showed a liberality, a recognition of various 
racial groups making up the body politic, which has ma- 
terially strengthened the Republican party which he has 
represented. 

One outstanding accomplishment of the administration, 
which has received nation-wide attention is in the matter 
of mental hygiene. In 1921 a bill was passed providing that 
in cases of persons held for trial for serious crimes, a mental 
examination, shall be made by the Department of Mental 
Diseases to determine if the prisoners are suffering from any 
mental disease or defect which would affect their criminal 
responsibility. Another bill the same year requires an 
examination in psychiatry for all applicants for registration 
as physicians. 

These two measures were described in “The Modern 
Hospital,”’ one of the important medical and health journals 
of the country, as the most important legislation in mental 
hygiene enacted in any State. The measures were followed 
up last year by a bill providing that all prisoners serving a 
sentence of over thirty days except for non-payment of fine, 
and all convicted prisoners serving a second sentence of any 
kind, shall be given a thorough psychiatric examination. 


New Dyrvision or FEEBLE-MINDED 


In his first message to the Legislature, Governor Cox 
recommended that additional funds be given to the Depart- 
ment of Mental Diseases in order that a Division of Feeble- 
Minded might be established. This recommendation was 
followed and the division established. It has since become 
an extremely important adjunct to the department. During 
the administration, also, in 1922, came the opening of the 
Belchertown State School for Feeble-Minded, to serve the 
western part of the State. 

Much important health legislation was enacted during the 
four years, especial attention being given to the subject of 
tuberculosis. On recommendation of the Governor a meas- 
ure was passed providing for the systematic examination of 
school children throughout the State. Another bill provided 


4.02 


for the establishment of children’s health camps by cities 
and towns, while still another provided that every city of 
50,000 or more inhabitants must maintain a dispensary to 
discover, treat and supervise needy persons afflicted with 
tuberculosis. The latter measure also provided that every 
other city or town may conduct such an institution and must 
do so at the request of the Department of Public Health. 

The Cox administration has also been noteworthy because 
of the legislation enacted affecting women. By statute pro- 
vision was made for the appointing of a woman as assistant 
commissioner of the Department of Labor and Industries. 
A bill was put through providing for additional women mem- 
bers of State political committees. A law was provided es- 
tablishing the eligibility of women to certain public employ- 
ments, such as trustees of State institutions, while a second 
law permits the appointment or election of women to State 
offices, positions or appointments. Another act includes 
in the forty-eight hour law women and children employed in 
any laundry, hotel, manicuring or hairdressing establish- 
ment, motion picture theater, or as an elevator operator or a 
switchboard operator in a private as well as public exchange. 

Under the heading of agriculture was enacted a new 
State drainage law, making it possible for a large number of 
drainage districts to be formed, and thus bringing thousands 
of acres up to a state of cultivation. A tuberculosis bill was 
passed permitting the State to work with the Federal govern- 
ment in the eradication of tuberculosis in cattle. An apple- 
grading law was provided which has helped to give Massa- 
chusetts apples a reputation through the entire eastern 
section of the country and as far west as Detroit. 

Early in his administration, when unemployment was 
rampant, Governor Cox sent a special message to the Legis- 
lature and obtained an emergency appropriation to be used 
in cleaning State parks and forests, thus giving employment 
to large numbers of men. On the subject of workmen’s 
compensation, he signed two important bills, one making a 
widow’s maximum $16 a week instead of $10, and the other 
providing that compensation in all cases shall begin after 
seven instead of ten days. 

The four years saw much important banking legislation, 


403 


especially after the failure of several Boston trust companies 
when it was found that the law was sadly in need of bolster- 
ing. Penalties for various offences by bank officers, hitherto 
lacking, were established by law. The responsibility for the 
performance of all acts and duties required of a bank treas- 
urer were definitely fixed. An act was passed providing that 
directors of trust companies must not only be owners of stock 
but stockholders of record. ‘The maximum amount of joint 
deposits in savings banks was raised from $2,000 to $4,000, 
and principal and interest permitted to accumulate up to 
$8,000 instead of $4,000. Greater protection for aliens 
dealing with foreign banks, so-called, was provided by an 
act increasing the amount of bonds, regulating Investments 
and adding to the State’s supervisory powers. This act was 
carried to the voters for referendum, but was overwhelm- 
ingly approved. 

Massachusetts is proud of its State Police Patrol, or 
Constabulary, as it is sometimes called. This mobile force 
of 140 men, patrolling rural districts and the large highway 
arteries, has been praised throughout the country. It is a 
product of the Cox administration. It has been and is a 
measure of great importance to the safety of the State, and, 
in the language of Governor Cox, is working “‘admirably.”’ 

The Blue Sky law, for the protection of investors from 
fraudulent stock promoters, also was an accomplishment of 
the retiring administration. It provides for the registration 
of stock brokers and the regulation of sale of corporate securi- 
ties, and already has been the means of saving the people of 
the Commonwealth vast sums of money which would other- 
wise have been totally lost. 

One of the achievements of which the administration has 
been proud was the creation of the present Commission on 
Administration and Finance, which centralized State pur- 
chases, budget preparation and control of personnel. This 
commission was established as the result of a report of a 
special commission on State administration, appointed by 
Governor Cox, of which Edwin 8. Webster was chairman. 
It is performing an extremely useful function, and will un- 
doubtedly be a permanent asset to the State’s government. 

These are but a few of the important legislative accom- 


404 


plishments during the administration of Governor Cox. 
Space prohibits further consideration of legislation, such as. 
important projects like the completing of the Old Colony 
Boulevard, the widening of Cambridge and Court streets 
in Boston and the tunnel extension to Dorchester and Matta- 
pan. Mention should be made, however, of the complete 
reorganization of the National Guard which has taken 
place during the past four years, and which necessitated a 
complete revision of the statutes pertaining to it. In no 
instance during his entire administration was it necessary 
for the Governor to call out the National Guard because of 
disorders. 

Governor Cox called several conferences of the Governors 
of the New England States to discuss such subjects as agricul- 
ture, fuel supply and plans for the rehabilitation of the rail- 
roads serving New England. At his suggestion a committee 
was appointed, headed by James J. Storrow, to consider the 
railroad problem, and this act was looked upon as the first 
definite step toward the rehabilitation of the New Haven 
and Boston and Maine Railroads. 

The various State departments have increased their effi- 
ciency during the Cox administration, and have expanded 
to quite an extent. They are in excellent condition today 
and are accomplishing more than ever before in the history 
of the State. A glance at the work of the departments gives 
some idea of the magnitude of the State government. 

The Department of Agriculture reports that under the 
leadership of the Governor there has been voluntary and un- 
official codperation between it and other departments, which 
has been responsible for a marked improvement in farm 
management. It states that notable progress has been 
made in improving market methods, the dairy industry and 
poultry breeding. The fight against the corn borer and the 
white pine blister rust has made excellent progress. The 
corn borer spread has been checked and is being eradicated 
even in towns where it has been well established for many 
years. 

The Division of Animal Industry reports that 300,000 
domestic animals have been examined by veterinary inspec- 


405 


tors, have been treated for contagious diseases, tested, and 
when suspected or it was deemed necessary, killed for the 
public good. Under legislation passed in 1922 tuberculin 
tests are being made and there has been an increase of 64 
per cent in the past year in the number of such tests. _The 
Division has practically eliminated glanders, reducing the 
number of cases from twenty-five in 1923 to six in 1924, the 
lowest number in twenty years. <A great deal of effort has 
been devoted to the control of rabies, and this disease is 
steadily decreasing. 

The Division of Forestry, Department of Conservation, 
shows an increase of 40,000 acres in the State’s control of 
wild and waste land, nearly doubling the State’s holdings for 
development into forests. Nursery production has been 
increased from 10,000,000 to 20,000,000 trees. The Divi- 
sion of Fisheries and Game shows increased activities, re- 
porting that in the 1923-1924 season alone it has made 1,220 
prosecutions, collected $17,275 in fines, made 31,136 fish 
inspections and condemned as unfit 287,644 pounds of fish. 

One of the bright marks of the administration has been 
its attitude toward the public schools and its encouragement 
of the efforts of the Department of Education to raise the 
standards of the teaching force. Salaries have been in- 
creased until the average salary today is $1,658, a gain of 
about $200 in the past two years, and of more than 100 per 
cent in the last decade. ‘The immediate result can be shown 
by the fact that last year eighty-five out of every one hun- 
dred teachers in the State were highly trained, being either 
college or teacher-training-institute graduates. The State 
is providing new buildings and adequate appliances for its 
students, and has appropriated more than $30,000,000 in the 
past five years. 


EXTENT OF EDUCATIONAL WorK 


The vocational training in State-aided schools reaches 
60,000 pupils. The university extension classes and corre- 
spondence courses reach 33,000 persons, while 32,000 non- 
English speaking adults are being taught English. The 
Division of Immigration and Americanization assists 24,000 


406 


aliens annually to make the necessary adjustments with the 
country, and about 5,000 each year are being instructed and 
prepared for the active duties of citizenship. 

The new legislation affecting the workmen’s compensation, 
increasing the maximum payments to widows and orphans 
and reducing the number of days before payments begin from 
ten to seven, has already been mentioned. In addition, the 
Industrial Accident Board has liberalized some of its require- 
ments, and cases can be dealt with strictly on their merits. 

It has been shown that legislation enacted under the 
present administration, on recommendation of the Governor, 
has made Massachusetts the first State to make a definite 
effort to get at mental disease and mental defect at the source. 
In addition to the other improvements made by the Depart- 
ment of Mental Diseases which have been mentioned, ex- 
amination is now made of mentally retarded children in the 
public schools, under direction of the department, where the 
children are three or more years retarded. This work is 
done under legislation perfected during the Cox régime. 

The State Department of Public Health shows a gradual 
reduction of the tuberculosis death rate. It maintains four 
tubercular sanatoria and is so successful that it is often able 
to send patients back to their places in the community. In 
addition to the examination of school children, as a tubercu- 
lar preventive measure, the department has inaugurated 
other precautionary measures by raising the standards of 
nutrition and physical development. 


ENGINEERING PROBLEMS SOLVED 


The Division of Water Supply reports that the last Legis- 
lature created a joint water supply commission, on its recom- 
mendation, for the cities of Fall River, New Bedford and 
Taunton, with full power to take for winter supply purposes 
all the Assawompsett ponds. A special commission has also 
been created for a thorough engineering survey as to the 
water supply needs of the Metropolitan District. The En- 
gineering Division of the department has worked out a 
practical plan for a joint sewerage district which will remove 
all present objectionable sewage disposal features of Beverly, 


407 


Peabody, Salem and Danvers, and take sewage of State and 
county institutions out of the Ipswich river watershed. The 
question of Gloucester’s sewage collection and disposal has 
also been solved by the Division under a special legislative 
resolve of 1924. 

The Food and Drug Division reports that it has greatly 
protected the public by constant surveillance and enforce- 
ment of the laws relating to food and drug standards. A new 
milk-grading law resulted in a revision of the milk regula- 
tions, and careful control of milk supplies has been kept up. 

The Department of Public Safety, which has a wide 
variety of duties, is especially proud of the work of the State 
police patrol already referred to. It has supervised boxing 
exhibitions, Sunday entertainments, solved many serious 
crimes through its detective department and has recovered 
hundreds of stolen automobiles and prosecuted the thieves. 
A special division on automobile thefts was created, which 
has been very successful. 


For THE WELFARE OF THE NEEDY 


Under the supervision of the Department of Public 
Welfare, fifteen new wards have been added to the State 
infirmary at Tewksbury. Remarkable success has been 
obtained in heliotherapy, sunlight and quartz lamp treat- 
ment, through which cures have been effected which other 
hospitals have considered hopeless. The department has 
taken a long step forward in the care of children and has 
made much progress in devising new methods of rebuilding 
crippled children and making them to a large degree self- 
supporting. Help has also been given, quietly, to self- 
respecting individuals. More than 60,000 persons have been 
so aided. The department is endeavoring to get away from 
antiquated customs and old humiliations, the word “‘pauper”’ 
being eliminated in practice and rapidly disappearing from 
the statutes. 

The Department of Public Works adopted a policy recom- 
mended in the Governor’s inaugural, whereby public works 
and institutional operations are no longer carried on piece- 
meal. Each year the work done contributes to a construc- 


408 


' tive whole. There has been a noticeable improvement, 
especially in highway construction, and other States are 
studying the methods now used in Massachusetts. 

No attempt has been made in this article to cover the work 
of all the departments, or to mention all the meritorious 
legislation of the Cox administration. An attempt has been 
made to give some idea of the accomplishments. In closing, 
it should be stated that Governor Cox has at all times been 
in close contact and in harmonious union with the Legisla- 
ture. During his four years he believed it to be his duty to 
veto about twenty-five bills, and it is significant that not 
one of these was passed by the Legislature over his veto. 


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